小学一般过去时课件

2021-06-10 课件

　　小学英语一般过去时语法详解

　　一、概念

　　表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（刚才），just now（刚才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。如： I went to bed at eleven last night.昨晚我11：00睡觉。

　　二、动词过去式的构成规律

　　(一)规则动词的过去式

　　1、一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed；如：look→looked play→playe d；

　　2、以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d；如：live→lived use→used；

　　3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed；如：study→studied, try→triedfly→flied

　　4、以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned；

　　(二)不规则动词的过去式（后附不规则动词变化表）

　　1、改变动词中的元音；

　　begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→wonspeak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

　　2、变词尾的–d 为–t ； build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

　　3、与动词原形一样； cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

　　4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词)； say→said pay→paid lay→laid

　　5、采用不同词根；sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

　　6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

　　三、句式变化

　　（一）一般过去时的一般疑问句

　　1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，… was. 否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were. 否定回答为：No，… weren’t. 如：

　　（1）I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?

　　→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

　　（2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

　　→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?

　　→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

　　2、在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t. 如：

　　John played computer games last night.

　　→Did John play computer games last night?

　　→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

　　（二）一般过去时的`否定句

　　1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。

　　如：（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

　　(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

　　2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。如：

　　（1）She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.

　　(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

　　(三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句

　　1.What did … ?（主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。）

　　We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?

　　2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)

　　They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

　　→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

　　3.Who + 动词过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)

　　Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

　　→Who climbed mountains last weekend?

　　四、句子结构

　　1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：

　　（1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。（2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。

　　2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如：

　　I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。

　　3．各种句式

　　（1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句：

　　主语＋动词过去式＋宾语或表语。

　　He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.

　　（2）一般过去时的否定句：

　　a．主语＋ didn’t ＋动词原形＋宾语。 (did + not = didn't)

　　He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

　　b．主语＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)

　　He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.

　　（3）一般过去时的一般疑问句：

　　a．Did ＋主语＋动词原形＋宾语？

　　Did you study English in 1990 ?

　　b．Was/Were + 主语＋表语？

　　Was he a pupil five years ago ?

　　（4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

　　a．特殊疑问词＋ did + 主语＋动词原形＋宾语？

　　Where did your parents live five years ago？

　　What did you do last Sunday？

　　b．特殊疑问词＋ were/was ＋表语？

　　Who was at the zoo yesterday?

　　小学英语一般过去时练习题及答案

　　一、用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　1.Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.

　　2.Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So I _______ (get ) up late.

　　3.Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.

　　4.There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.

　　5.I ___________ (call) Mike this morning.

　　6.I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.

　　7.Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.

　　8.Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm.

　　9.My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.

　　10.She watches TV every evening. But she _______________ (not watch) TV last night.

　　11.________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year?

　　12. —What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday?

　　—We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.

　　13.What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?

　　14.Last year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.

　　15.There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)

　　16.There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)

　　17.There _____________ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)

　　18.There ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?

　　19.Eli ____________ to Japan last week. ( move)

　　20. –When _______ you _________ (come) to China? - Last year.

　　21.Did she ________ (have) supper at home?

　　22.Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now.

　　23._________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?

　　24.How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?

　　25.It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.

　　26. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it.

　　27. He ate some bread and _________ (drink) some milk.

　　28. ________ he __________ (finish) his homework last night?

　　29. I__________(be) tired yesterday.

　　30. I ___________(gain ) Arts degree last year.

　　31. What _________ you ___________ (do) last night?

　　32. My grandfather _________ (leave) Hong Kong for New York in 1998.

　　33. What _______ he ________ (do) yesterday?

　　34. Last week I _______ (buy) a new bike.

　　35. He ________ (be) here just now.

　　36. He __________ (not find ) his key last night.

　　37. My father __________ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.

　　38. ________ you ________ (finish) your homework yesterday?

　　39. I ________ (eat) some eggs and bread this morning.

　　40. Her mother __________ (not give) the girl any present.

　　二、改错题

　　1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________

　　2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________

　　3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________

　　4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________

　　5． Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________

　　6． Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________

　　7． I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________

　　8． He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________

　　9． Who find it just now ? ________________________________________

　　三、按要求变换句型

　　1. Father bought me a new bike. （同义句）

　　Father bought _______ _______ ________ ________ me.

　　2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）

　　_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

　　3. He’s cleaning his rooms. （划线提问）________ he _______?

　　4. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）

　　_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?

　　5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）

　　Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.

　　6. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）

　　________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?

　　7. I didn’t have any friends. （一般疑问句）

　　________ _______ have _______ friends?

　　8. I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句）____________________

　　9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）

　　Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.

　　10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）

　　_______ _______ he _______ ________?

　　四、句型转换

　　They read English last night.

　　否定句：__________________________________________

　　一般疑问句：________________________________________

　　肯定/否定回答：____________________________________

　　对划线部分提问：____________________________________

　　【参考答案】

　　一、

　　1.came 2. didn’t go got 3. read 4. was 5. called 6.heard 7.began 8.picked 9.didn’t do 10.didn’t watch 11. Did go 12.did get got 13. made 14. told 15.was 16. were 17.weren’t 18.was 19.moved 20.did come21.have 22.didn’t clean 23.Was 24.were 25.was were 26.was had 27.drank 28.Did finish 29.was 30.gained 31.did do 32.left 33.did do 34.bought 35.was 36.didn’t find 37.drank 38.Did finish 39.ate 40.didn’t give

　　二、1.is--was 2.go--went 3.goes--went 4.can--could 5.saw--see 6.watch--watching 7.didn't 后加上 do

　　8.waited 9.find--found

　　三、

　　1.a new bike to

　　2.did read 3.What's doing 4.Why don't you 5.didn't spend 6.Where were my going

　　7.Did I any 8.I don't think she is Lily's sister. 9.doesn't do 10.How does look like

　　8.They didn't read English last night.

　　四、

　　Did they read English last night?

　　Yes,they did./No,they didn't.

　　What did they do last night?