中考英语词语的辨析

2021-08-24 词语

  中考英语词语辨析

  above/over/on/upon

  Ⅰ. 方位介词,“在……之上”

  Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below.

  ① The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。

  ② The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。

  Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under.

  ① Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。

  Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。

  ① The book is on the desk.

  ② There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。

  Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。

  ① He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。

  [注] up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。

  ① We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。

  ② The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。

  accident/incident “事故”

  Ⅰ. accident 可以表示事故,指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。

  ① Twenty people were killed in the railway accident

  ② He met with an accident. 这完全是偶然的事。

  Ⅱ. Incident 的意思是事件,尤指与较重大的事件相比,显得不重要的事件。它还可以表引起国际争端或战争的事件。

  ① It is a quite common incident.这是很普通的事。

  ② The Lugouqiao incident accrued on July 7th, 1937. 芦沟桥事件发生于1937年7月7日。

  中考英语词语辨析

  all/ whole

  Ⅰ. 二者意义(“全部、都、整个”)相同,然而词序不同。

  Ⅱ. all用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前。

  whole 则用于冠词之后。如:

  ① all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间

  ② all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生

  ③ all this confusion ─→ this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。

  Ⅲ. 如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说:

  ① The whole city was burning.但不能说:

  ② Whole London was burning.

  Ⅳ.whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”,而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如:

  ① All Indian tribes([traib]部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America. 所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。

  ② Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。

  Ⅴ. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词)

  ① 可以说:all the money 或all the wine

  ② 不可以说:the whole money 或the whole wine.

  ③ The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。

  the whole of the time.

  the whole of my life

  the whole of this confusion

  alone/ lonely

  Ⅰ. alone adj. “单独的”只能作表语。如:

  ① I’m alone but I don’t fell lonely. 我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。

  ② 此外alone 还可作副词。相当于by oneself,“单独地”“独自”

  ③ I’ll go there alone.我将独自去那儿。

  Ⅱ. lonely adj. “孤独的”“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如:

  ① We’re together most of the time, so we never feel lonely.

  ② a lonely / deserted island

  常用英语词语辨析

  1.such as 和for example

  这两个短语都可以作“例如”解。for example用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,可位于句首,句中或句末。例如:

  Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 球类运动就已经在世界各地传播开了。

  What would you do if you met a wild animal??a lion, for example? 如果遇上野兽,例如狮子,你该怎么办?

  such as用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的`名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。例如:

  Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.

  有些废物,如剩饭、废纸和废铁,时间一久就烂掉了。

  注意:使用这个短语时,后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和,一旦相等就要用that is或namely。如不可以说:I have three good friends, such as John, Jack and Tom. 应该说:I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom。我有三个好朋友,即约翰、杰克和汤姆。

  2.reason 和cause

  The ____ of the big fire was his carelessness.

  A.reason B.cause C.causing D.reasoning

  解答:B。reason强调一种推理的理由,而cause是指导致某件事情发生的人或事。

  3.when while 与 as

  1,when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词,这些动词既可以表示动作,又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生,又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如:

  When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.

  Mary was having dinner when I saw her.

  When you meet a word you don''t know, consult the dictionary.

  She was beautiful when she was a girl.

  如果when从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语又是be动词,从句主语和be可以省略:当when从句主语与主句主语相同时,用when加分词可以替代状语从句。如:

  When(you are)in trouble, ask her for help.

  When(I was)sleeping, I never heard a thing.

  2,as

  (1)表示"当……时"、"和……同时"。常指从句的动作未结束,主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用表示动作的动词,而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。

  As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar.

  She dropped the glass as she stood up.

  As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.

  (2)用于平行的动作中,表示"一面……一面……"。常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。如:

  He sang as he worked.

  The students took notes as they listened.

  3,While表示"在……的时候"、"在……期间"。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。While从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。如:

  Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion.

  The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.

  She called while I was out.

  4.become,get和turn

  get,turn,become等均可译为“变得”,但它们在用法上有些区别。

  (1)get用于日语,通常跟随比较级。

  It gets coldr。天气变冷了。

  (2)turn是指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。

  His face truned red。他的脸变红了。

  (3)become是指身份、职位的变化,作瞬间动词时指状态的变化。

  He becomes a teacher 。他成了一名老师。

  将来“成为”不用“become”而用"be"。

  She will be a teacher。她将成为一名老师。

  5.near 与 beside

  near,by,beside表示“在……附近”的区别:

  near表示相对的“近”, 实际距离可能还很远。例如:

  Suzhou is near Shanghai.

  There is a post office near our school.

  beside表示“靠近”,实际距离不可能很远,例如:

  He was sitting beside her.

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