(一)格式方面1.日期部分往往被漏掉,或漏掉日期中年与月、日之间的逗号,或在日期后面加点,或按汉语的顺序写成(如2006年4月22日,写成April 22 2006;April 22,2006.;2006.5.9;其正确形式请参照前文的相应部分),或按汉语习惯把它写在签名的下面。2.称呼未往左顶格写,或与日期同写一行;称呼后面打句号,或未打逗号或冒号。把结尾套语和签名同写一行,或漏写结尾套语,或漏掉结尾套语后面的逗号。
(二)内容方面便条的内容虽简单,但漏掉必须表达的内容的情况时有发生。例如,在前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作,考生对未赴约的原因应加以说明,可不少考生只写了如下相似内容的便条:I am very sorry for missing yesterday’s appointment,so I do hope we can mak ean other one.Sunday evening is convenient for me.W hat about you?内容方面还因理解不透,或自立标准而导致交际不成功的情况也不鲜见。还是以前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作为例,评分取样的九份答卷中就有三份类似的例子。其中一份这样写道,“I’m very glad to receive your note.About our appointment I think we can change an other time.Maybe tomorrow,1 will be fre an d stay at home all day.Ifyouarealsofreetomorrow ,you can call me at anytime.Then 1 will visit you?”该提示要写一封简短的道歉信,而这位考生的答案却与此大相径庭,信中丝毫没有流露出道歉的意念。
(三)语言方面便条中的语言错误可分为理解和表达两大类,主要体现在措辞、语法、拼写等方面。
1.措辞不当措辞不当在这里既指一般遣词造句中出现的语言运用错误 (performance erors),又指因未按TEM4便条测试中提供的语境遣词造句而产生的语用失误(pragmatic failures),还指因忽视对方的社会或文化背景差异而造成的语用失误。此类问题在TEM4便条写作中相当严重。我们还是以前文提到的那次TEM4便条写作为例;鉴于篇幅,且举三例:(1) 在1 would appreciate you if you could have another meeting with me这句话中,appreciate后面的宾语不妥。只要细心的读者翻阅一下词典,就会发现appreciate(感谢)的英文释义是be grateful for(something),若把句中的you改为it(代表后面那件事),或把appreciate改为be grateful to,或把appreciate you改为be grateful,这句话就对了。(2)考生在便条的开头就对因病未能与王教授约会表示道歉后,接着写道:I'm anxious to make an appointment with you.而根据上下文应该是,I'm anxious to make another appointment with you(??与你另订一次约会)。(3)你(写便条人)自己因某种原因而没去赴约,况且约会的对象是你的老师,事后还要命令对方到你家来见你,或以命令的 IZl吻表示要给你打电话。象“You must come to my home”,或‘'Give me a call to discuss it further'’这类话有失礼貌,使人读后感到不舒服。
2.语法错误便条中的语法错误有多种,常见的有冠词、词性、动词的时与体、句子结构等错误。(1)冠词错误,如I'm anxious to make a(应为an)appointment with you.(2)词性错误,如I must make an apologize(正确为apology)for failing to turn up for the appointment.(3)动词的时与体等方面的错误,例如:a.If you will be(应把will be改为are)free tomorrow, we shall meet again.b.I am sorry to fail(正确为to have failed而不是tofall,因事情已发生)to turn up for the appointment yesterday.(4)句子结构错误,例如:I'm very sorry.I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you. Because my mother was seriously ill yesterday and I had to take her to see the doctor(应改为I'm very sorry I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you yesterday because my mother was seriously ill and I had to take her to see the doctor).
3.拼写错误与别的主观题一样,便条写作中拼写错误数见不鲜。例如:professor---,profesor/profesor;convenient-* conveint/convinen~convinient; recejve—} recieve; appointment ---~apointment/pointment.