《雾都孤儿》是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的长篇写实小说。以雾都伦敦为背景,讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇。主人公奥利弗在孤儿院长大,经历学徒生涯,艰苦逃难,误入贼窝,又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍,历尽无数辛酸,最后在善良人的帮助下,查明身世并获得了幸福。
雾都孤儿的读书笔记一
有一天,我从书架上发现了一本狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》,便抽出来看,一下子就吸引了我。
故事讲述的是一个名叫奥力弗.退斯特的弃婴在孤儿院里被悲惨地教育了9年,然后又被送到棺材老板那儿当学徒。由于难以忍受的饥饿和暴力以及侮辱,他逃亡伦敦。又不幸误入贼窝,期间被一位善良的的老绅士班布尔先生收留。但又被那一伙贼绑回贼窝。最后善良的女扒手南希为了营救奥利佛,不顾贼头的监视和威胁,向班布尔报信,说奥利佛就是他找寻已久的外孙儿。南希被贼窝头目杀害,警察随即围剿了贼窝。奥利佛终于得以与亲人团聚。
这本书给我的第一个感触就是:看着这本书,好几次泪水打湿了我的眼睛。不仅是为了小奥力弗.退斯特的悲惨遭遇,更是为他的善良,南希和其他小扒手的无奈,甚至是老犹太费根。书中每一个人都有这鲜明的性格。奥力弗.退斯特虽是书中的主人公,但我觉得奥力弗不是他一个人,而是孤儿院里的所有孤儿甚至是所有的在苦难中的孩子,也许他们最后都没有奥力弗的幸运,但奥力弗的幸运也只是作者对于生活的美好希望,在当时年代更多的人只能是拥有奥力弗的朋友狄克的悲惨结局。“这个孩子面色苍白,瘦骨如柴,面颊凹了进去,眼睛显得又亮又大。拼命省料的教区施衣——他的贫儿号衣——在他弱不禁风的身上仍显得宽松肥大;他幼嫩的身体却像老人一般干枯了”这就是狄克的真实形象,可以说是所有贫儿的形象,迎接他们的只有死亡。看到这,我哭了,眼泪并不能起到什么作用,但至少代表着触及灵魂的感触。
这本书给我的第二个很深的感触就是主人公小奥力弗的勇敢的精神,虽然在黑暗的习艺所里饱尝了生活的艰辛,但是并没有给这么一个美好的心灵蒙上灰尘。由于饥饿他向干事提出需要一碗稀粥时,被那些干事认为“这2孩子将来一定会被绞死。在当学徒的时候他面对人们对于他母亲的羞辱,奋起反抗。他啊也许是由于初生牛犊不怕虎,竭尽全力反抗着。后来逃亡到伦敦后,纯洁的心灵让人们感到可笑。其中有一段话让我记忆尤深“那些都是老先生的,在我还热病快死掉的时候,是那位好心的先生把我带到他家里去,照看我养好了病。哦,求求你们把这些都送回去吧,把书和钱还给他。你们要我一辈子待在这儿都可以,我只求你们把这些东西送回去,不然他们应定会以为我逃跑了的,你们可怜可怜我,把书和钱送回去吧”这是小奥力弗被抓后说的话。我不禁被他维护尊严的行为所打动。一个人活着就要有尊严。
这本书给我第三个很深印象的就是作者的写作手法 个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段.书中的流氓,盗贼,妓女的语言都切合其身份,另外狄更斯的语言中充满了讥讽的韵味。仿佛一个人的表情中带着辛酸的笑,让人读完之后不禁无奈的一声叹息。在书中狄更斯成功地刻画了一连串人物,如教区干事班布尔,贼头儿犹太老头和慈善学校的学生诺亚,破屋大盗蒙克斯等等。没有一个不刻画得栩栩如生,形象逼真。但是,作品中最成功刻画的人物还是主角奥立佛以及女偷南茜。奥立佛天生就是一个有道德的人,懂得知恩图报。他吃了很多很多苦,但最后总算遇到好人。不管是布朗鲁先生,还是梅里太太,或是梅里小姐,对待奥里佛都如同亲人一般,尽管他是个“贼”,他们都同情他,收养他,并使他接受良好的教育,最后还弄清了他的身世,争回他的遗产。在描写奥立佛所有的事件中,我最钦佩的还是第六章节中讲他受嘲讽时奋力抵抗这一事件,如同作者所说的那样“从表面上看我所记述的是那么微小又不重要,可是事实上他对奥立佛的前途及发展却间接地影响,并产生了重大的变化。”奥立佛虽说在贫民院中长大,本身就没有自由,受人使唤,但他还是一个自尊心极强的人,面对诺亚的人身攻击,他显得异常激动。而因为诺亚对奥立佛死去的母亲的恶毒侮辱使他义愤填膺,热血沸腾。“他立刻跳了起来,一把掀翻了桌椅,然后揪住诺亚的喉管,用尽全身暴怒中的力气抖动着诺亚,一直抖得诺亚的牙齿发出格格的响声,然后又聚集了他全身的力气给诺亚狠狠一拳,直把他打翻在地。”奥立佛激烈的反应令我迷惑,按常理来说,他一直是个文静的,温和的,虽受到非人虐待却是个垂头丧气自甘倒霉的少年,此刻却凝聚全身的力量揍诺亚。是什么力量使他敢于做出这样的决定,或许不应该是“决定”吧,强烈的愤怒感使他失去了理智,他不允许别人对他的母亲有丝毫的侮辱。虽然奥立佛对他的母亲毫无印象,记忆中从来就不知道母亲长什么样子。然而,对母亲的尊重感却一直伴随着他。所以,当诺亚侮辱他的母亲时,奥立佛显现出从没有过的激动。这一事件的结果是奥立佛受到了毒打并被关押起来。狄更斯在写这一细节时不仅是为下文埋下伏笔,还更深刻地刻画了作品的主人公奥立佛的形象,为维护母亲的尊严而不顾一切 在书中并不起眼,但是不能没有的人就是女扒手南希,她的形象是世上母亲的形象,看到可怜的而有善良的小奥力弗,她不顾背叛他所爱的人塞克斯,也不顾自己冒着被抓,被处以绞刑的危险,为小奥力弗逃出悲惨的生活,最后掺死于塞克斯的拳头之下。没有太多对于南希的描写,但是她的内心世界读者能略微感受得出来:无助,愤怒,矛盾。她与习艺所的曼太太形成了鲜明的对比。可憎的曼太太贪婪地剥削着那些可怜的小生命,却从来不为自己的行为感到可耻,也许我们也不能太多地责怪于曼太太,生活的残酷造就了人们的残酷。只是在一些勇敢的人心中残存的那一点善良给予了我们那么一点感叹,但是最后的命运仍逃脱不了悲惨的死去。奥立佛和南茜是这部作品中两个最具有代表性的人物,这是不可否认的。狄更斯在刻画这两个人物时也用了绝妙的手法。然而,在这里我想谈的是另一个形象人物蒙克斯。蒙克斯是奥立佛同父异母的兄弟,但此人却残忍无比,为得到弟弟的财产而不惜毁掉自己的弟弟。我觉得狄更斯在描写蒙克斯的行为时用了巧妙的安排。而蒙克斯这一角色正反映了当时社会上一些贵族子弟的放浪的行为。蒙克斯是聪明人,他知道怎样才能安心地获得弟弟的财产。狄更斯在刻画蒙克斯这一人物形象上可谓是步步为营。首先,蒙克斯是在找班布尔先生时才出现的,作者在前文中并未提到他,以致于我在读到班布尔先生与陌生客人见面这一情节时,直觉就告诉我这一作品的情节将达到另一高潮。神秘人现身,定是有好戏,但我没有想到这个所谓的神秘人竟会是奥立佛的哥哥,而且没想到在后文中他竟扮演了如此重要的角色。狄更斯赋予了蒙克斯“聪明”的头脑,设置了一个无衣无缝的计划,而蒙克斯在施行这一计划时也不吝于跟盗贼首领犹太老头合作,可谓是为达目的不择手段。最后他们的计划还是败露,蒙克斯也是惨败收场。我想,狄更斯把奥立佛的哥哥写成一个贪婪、残暴、无耻的人,一方面能使作品的剧情达到高潮,另一方面也充分展示了现实社火中为达目的而不顾亲情的悲惨现象。作者用这种犀利的笔锋讽刺当时的社火,同时又希望能唤醒那些可悲的人们,唤醒他们的良心与觉悟,唤醒所有人民的觉悟。
读完这部小说,我心里久久不能平静。奥立佛是个坚强、善良、聪慧和勇敢的天真男孩,却经历了坎坷的人生,最终雨过天晴,迎来了幸福的生活。而我们现在是生活在蜜罐里,在福窝中,却经常抱怨,总是不满足。但我们可曾想过,世界上还有许许多多贫困的孩子,正面对着失去亲人,漂泊流浪的生活,或许是面对辍学的困境和挨饿的局面。他们充满着对生活的热爱,憧憬着明亮的教室,向往着可口的食物或者是保暖的衣服。面对这些渴望生活的贫困的孩子,我们能视而不见吗?能袖手旁观吗?当我读到狄更斯笔下的贫民院孤儿的生活时,我的头脑中总会闪现出在电视上看到的非洲难民的画面。旧社会贫民的生活是贫困的,挨饿受冻是很平常的事情,而在21世纪里,在这个文明的时代,饥饿、恐惧、挨冻依然存在。在看到奥立佛被虐待,被殴打的情节里,我又不时地联想到了常常在大街上看到的那些卖艺和乞讨的孩子。听说这些衣衫褴褛的孩子们也是误入了一个黑帮组织,不管是卖艺得到的钱还是乞讨而得到的钱,硬或是偷来的钱,也要上交他们的“头儿”。这就是文明的社会吗?那些孩子的命运,他们的生活,和狄更斯笔下的孤儿奥立佛的生活又有什么区别呢?奥立佛是幸运的,能够遇到善良的人。而在现实社会中那些误入不明组织的孩子们,他们的命运会怎样,能够遇到好心人吗?我想不会的,他们的结局或许是像这部作品中的南茜那样,或者是饿死、病死。这也是这个所谓的文明社会的必然结果。社会越是进步,人类越是文明,那些不良分子也就越猖狂,而不幸误入他们手中的孩子们命运就越悲惨。所以,我们更需要用爱心去帮助那些在困境中的人们,帮助他们摆脱困境,迎来幸福的生活。
这部作品让我联想到许多现实生活中的情景,对我触动很大。现在,我倒要回过头来看看狄更斯的艺术魅力和写作才能。狄更斯是维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物,在写这部作品时他还是个青年,这时的他希望运用他的小说改革社会,但他对社会的了解还不够深刻,对当时的统治阶级还寄托着美好的希望。在这部作品中也充分体现了他的这种思想。通常情况下,在优秀的现实主义小说中,故事情节往往是在特定环境作用下的人物性格发展史,即高尔基所说的“某种性格典型的成长和构成的历史”。然而,狄更斯不同,他不拘任何格套,想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合。如奥立佛第一次跟小偷上街被掏兜的就是他亡父生前的好友布朗鲁先生;他在盗贼第二首领赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃被偷的恰巧是他的亲姨妈露丝·梅里家;还有,他去送信时因匆忙而撞到的人竟然就是他的哥哥蒙克斯,并在这一相撞中就让蒙克斯感到他就是自己要寻找的弟弟。这一连串的巧合在情理上无论如何是说不过去的,然而,狄更斯自有丰富的想象和巧妙的构思,在具体的情节描写中充满着生活气息和激情,使读者在阅读时紧张得喘不过气来,对这种本来是牵强的,不自然的情节也不得不信以为真,而且对此产生莫大的兴趣,迫不及待地往下阅读。这就是狄更斯的艺术世界魅力。此外,从政治角度来讲,这部作品提出了孤儿的社会地位这个非常现实的问题,以及和这个问题直接相关的官员的素质问题,社会上一些违法组织问题以及在各阶层的人们的心理倾向和精神疾病长问题。狄更斯虽然提出了这些问题,但他所想到的解决这些问题的方式是不现实的。这也是因为青年时期的他对社会还没有深刻的了解。而随着他的社会阅历的丰富,对社会的了解也更深,他的思想也慢慢地成熟,这在他以后地作品中就能体现出来。狄更斯运用他广阔深刻的语言给予读者的有时是开怀大笑,有时是会意的微笑,有时却是流泪的痛苦的笑或是无奈的麻木的笑。然而,无论是哪一种笑,都给予了资本主义社会的无尽的讽刺。
我用急不可待的心情读完了这部作品,吸引我的不仅是作品中设置的层层悬念,还有狄更斯绝伦的艺术魅力,而我收获的是无尽的感慨。
雾都孤儿的读书笔记二
《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说。这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉·荷加斯(WilliamHogarth,1697一1764)的榜样,勇敢地直面人生,真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。他抱着一个崇高的道德意图:抗议社会的不公,并唤起社会舆论,推行改革,使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助。正因为如此,狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为“英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表”。对此,我有一些不同的见解:文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态,它必然是社会存在的反映。但是,我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学,把“现实主义”的外延无限扩展。事实上,作家运用的创作方法多种多样,因人而异,这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关。狄更斯的创作,想像力极为丰富,充满诗的激情,他着意渲染自己的道德理想,处处突破自然的忠实临摹,借用一句歌德的话:它比自然高了一层。这和萨克雷、特洛罗普等坚持的客观。冷静、严格写实的方法有显著的区别。
奥利弗——一个孤儿,他被投入了一个充满贫困与犯罪的世界,忍饥挨饿,挨打挨骂,从来没有人关心他。邪恶的费金,残暴的比尔•赛克斯,以及一大群窃贼强盗。他们把奥利弗训练成一个神偷手,然后利用他去骗取钱财。可是奥利弗不愿去干这些事情,费金就对他拳打脚踢,迫使奥利弗到处流浪。幸运的是,他遇到了一群善良的人,对他无微不至的关怀,让奥利弗感到非常温暖。
当我想到一个九岁的孩子,在伦敦被迫加入罪恶累累、堕落不堪的小偷、强盗、亡命之徒的行列之中。但他并未放弃,在他的心中仍向往着一个美好的生活,多次在好心人的帮助下,终于过上了自己所想往的生活。我真觉得奥利弗真勇敢、真坚强。而我们生活在蜜罐里,福窝里,却总是抱怨,总是不满足。但我们可曾想过,在世界上,还有许多孩子,正承受着巨大的痛苦;正和饥饿、寒冷、疾病作战;正面对着失去亲人,飘泊流浪的生活。他们需要别人的帮助,但更需要不屈的精神、勇敢的精神。
我要学习奥利弗的坚强不屈的精神、勇敢的精神。
我们也要学习善良的布朗洛,是他伸出了援助之手帮助奥利弗的。
看了《雾都孤儿》,让我受益非浅,让我懂得了社会的冷酷与人的性格的残暴。我们
要行动,帮助他们,挽救他们。
我向大家推荐的书是这《雾都孤儿》,这里面突出了一个典型人物,可怜、凄惨、悲苦的南希,她生活在一个残忍的世界中,却挣扎着要忠实于她所爱的人。她为了帮助奥利弗,而背叛了她所爱的人,最后遭到了坏人的毒手……经过这一连串的事奥利弗却坚强不屈,勇于斗争,所以我向大家推荐这本书。
雾都孤儿的读书笔记三
It seemed to be such a coincidence that the night after I finished reading The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, I was to dine in a restaurant distinctly related to the book itself. This restaurant was no other than the famous American-styled “Friday’s.” The reason for mentioning this restaurant is quite straightforward to all the gentlemen, ladies and children who have read the novel and enjoyed it, which is the fact that this restaurant was, most likely, named after the American Native in Robinson Crusoe, called Friday. This restaurant offers very exceptional service, for instance when the waitresses are asked to order dishes they kneel rather than stand, which, unlike the other restaurants I have been to, makes it easier for the customers to hear them speak. Moreover, Friday’s friendly services to the customers help them to make better choices when ordering dishes. I remembered when I went to Friday’s last time; the waitress kindly described the items on the menu with precise details. It turned out that the combo I initially wanted was designed to be shared among a large group, not to be eaten by one person. I think this restaurant shows many commendable features similar to that of Friday.
Friday brought emotional warmth to the people around him with his appealing personality. I think it was this personality that affected Crusoe and made him say that he loved Friday when Crusoe didn’t express love for his parents, brothers, sisters, or even his wife. “When he espied me, he came running to me, laying himself down again upon the ground, with all the possible signs of an humble, thankful disposition, making many antic gestures to show it…to let me know how he would serve me as long as he lived.” This was what Friday did after Crusoe had rescued him from the two savages chasing him. It was easy for me to see why Crusoe had loved Friday. After sometime, Crusoe and Friday were to rescue Friday’s father. When Friday reunited with his father, the scene was easy to move anyone: “It would have moved anyone to tears to have seen how Friday kissed him, embraced him, hugged him, cried, laughed, halloed, jumped about, danced, sung; and then sung and jumped about again, like a distracted creature. It was a good while before I could make him speak to me.” This is my favourite chapter in the whole book. It is hard to see why Friday is an ex-savage when he can have personalities more praiseworthy than many civilized people, viz. Crusoe himself. “When he (Friday) went to him (Friday’s father), he would sit down by him, open his breast, and hold his father’s head close to his bosom, half an hour together, to nourish it; then he took his arms and ankles, which were numbed and stiff with the binding, and rubbed them with his hands.” Furthermore, Friday’s expression of loyalty in asking Crusoe to kill him rather than leave him is more heartfelt than anything Crusoe ever says or does.
Crusoe, on the absolute contrary, seems incapable of deep feelings, as shown by his account of leaving his family—he never shows any emotions. After a moving lecture from Robinson’s father about his future, he still decided to follow his own wandering ambition. Careless was he about the wishes of his parents to keep him alive and prosperous, as he was the only child left in the family. When he came back from the island which he had lived on for twenty eight years, he found that it had been too late to tell his parents that he was still alive, but yet again he did not feel sorry for them; he also did not feel sorry for the two people who had to live in misery for nearly thirty years under the allusion all of their sons were dead. He had the same feelings for his wife: when he was married, he said it was “not either to my disadvantage or dissatisfaction”, implying that it was also neither to his advantage nor his satisfaction. Moreover, after his wife died, Robinson did not think of looking after the three children they had, but went back to the island, which he had lived on for twenty-eight years. It was on this trip which Robinson Crusoe revisited “His Island” as he called it. I feel that Robinson’s indifference to his family is almost emotionally cruel.
Befoe had clearly shown the contrast between Crusoe’s and Friday’s personalities, as when Friday, in his joyful reunion with his father, displayed far more emotion toward his family members than Crusoe, whereas Crusoe never mentions missing his family or dreams about the happiness of seeing them again. I think Defore is very successful in introducing Friday as part of the novel, it makes the whole novel seem much more complete and gripping to the reader, as well as proving that Defoe’s ideology of racism is civilized unlike many other Europeans at that time; natives and savages are not worse than others but can perhaps even be more modern and civilized. Those are the reasons of why I like The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe and Friday.
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