英文
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) ("black-and-white cat-foot") is a mammal classified in the bear family, Ursidae, native to central-western and southwestern China. It is easily recognized by its large, distinctive black patches around the eyes, ears and on its rotund body. Though technically a carnivore, the panda has a diet which is 98% bamboo. However, they may eat other foods such as honey, eggs, fish, and yams.
The Giant Panda is an endangered animal; an estimated 3,000 pandas live in the wild and over 180 were reported to live in captivity by August 2006 in mainland China[3] (another source by the end of 2006 put the figure for China at 221)， with twenty pandas living outside of China.[citation needed] However, reports show that the numbers of wild panda are on the rise.
The giant panda has long been a favorite of the public, at least partly on account of the fact that the species has an appealing baby-like cuteness that makes it seem to resemble a living teddy bear. The fact that it is usually depicted reclining peacefully eating bamboo, as opposed to hunting, also adds to its image of innocence. Though the giant panda is often assumed docile because of their cuteness, they have been known to attack humans, usually assumed to be out of irritation rather than predatory behavior.
The Giant Panda has a very distinctive black-and-white coat. Adults measure around 1.5 m long and around 75 cm tall at the shoulder. Males can weigh up to 115 kg (253 pounds)。 Females are generally smaller than males, and can occasionally weigh up to 100 kg (220 pounds)。 Giant Pandas live in mountainous regions, such as Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Tibet. While the Chinese dragon has been historically a national emblem for China, since the latter half of the 20th century the Giant Panda has also become an informal national emblem for China. Its image appears on a large number of modern Chinese commemorative silver, gold, and platinum coins.
The Giant Panda has an unusual paw, with a "thumb" and five fingers; the "thumb" is actually a modified sesamoid bone, which helps the panda to hold the bamboo while eating. Stephen Jay Gould wrote an essay about this, then used the title The Panda's Thumb for a book of essays concerned with evolution and intelligent design. The Giant Panda has a short tail, approximately 15 cm long. Giant Pandas can usually live to be 20-30 years old while living in captivity.
Until recently, scientists thought giant pandas spent most of their lives alone, with males and females meeting only during the breeding season. Recent studies paint a different picture, in which small groups of pandas share a large territory and sometimes meet outside the breeding season.
Like most subtropical mammals, but unlike most bears, the giant panda does not hibernate.
Pandas eating bamboo at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.Despite its taxonomic classification as a carnivore, the panda has a diet that is primarily herbivorous, which consists almost exclusively of bamboo. This is an evolutionarily recent adaptation. Pandas lack the proper enzymes to digest bamboo efficiently, and thus derive little energy and little protein from it.
While primarily herbivorous, the panda still retains decidedly ursine teeth, and will eat meat, fish, and eggs when available. In captivity, zoos typically maintain the pandas' bamboo diet, though some will provide specially formulated biscuits or other dietary supplements.
译文
大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)(“黑白偷偷前进”)是哺乳动物分类在小熊一家,熊科,产于中国中西部和西南部。它很容易被大,独特的黑斑的眼睛、耳朵和圆胖的身体。虽然技术上一个食肉动物,熊猫竹子节食是98%。然而,他们可以吃其他的食物,如蜂蜜、鸡蛋、鱼、和山药。
大熊猫是一种濒危动物,估计有3000只大熊猫生活在野外,180多人被报道在囚禁2006年8月在中国大陆[3](另一个源图中国到2006年底将在221年),与二十熊猫中国以外的生活。[引文需要]然而,报告显示,野生熊猫的数量在上升。
大熊猫一直是最喜欢的公众,至少部分的物种有一个吸引人的事实婴儿的可爱,使它看起来像一个活生生的泰迪熊。事实通常是描述和平躺吃竹子,而不是打猎,也增加了其纯真的形象。虽然大熊猫通常认为善良,因为他们可爱,他们已经知道攻击人类,通常认为是刺激而不是掠夺性行为。
大熊猫有一个非常独特的黑白相间的外套。成年人测量长约1.5米,肩高75厘米左右。男性可重达115公斤(253磅)。女性通常比男性小,并且可以偶尔重达100公斤(220磅)。大熊猫生活在山区,如四川、甘肃、陕西、西藏。而中国龙已经在历史上中国的国徽,20世纪下半叶以来,大熊猫也成为中国的一个非正式的国徽。其形象出现在大量的现代中国纪念银、金、铂硬币。
大熊猫有一个不寻常的爪子,“拇指”和五个手指,“拇指”实际上是修改后的籽骨,这有助于熊猫竹子而吃。斯蒂芬·杰·古尔德写了一篇,然后使用熊猫的拇指一本书的标题文章关心的进化和智能设计。大熊猫有一个短尾巴,长约15厘米。大熊猫通常可以活到20 - 30岁住在囚禁的时候。
直到最近,科学家们认为大熊猫的大部分时间都是自己一个人住,与男性和女性会议只在繁殖季节。最近的研究描绘了一幅不同的画面,一小群熊猫分享大量领土和有时满足在繁殖季节。
像大多数亚热带哺乳动物,但与大多数熊,大熊猫不冬眠。
熊猫吃竹子在华盛顿国家动物园,华盛顿特区尽管其分类学分类作为一个食肉动物,熊猫的饮食主要是食草的,几乎都是由竹子。这是一个最近的进化适应。熊猫缺乏适当的酶消化竹子效率,从而获得一点一点能量和蛋白质。
虽然主要食草,熊猫仍然明显熊的牙齿,并将吃肉,鱼,和鸡蛋时可用。被囚禁,动物园通常保持大熊猫吃竹子,尽管一些提供特殊配方饼干或其他膳食补充剂。
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