阅读理解之主旨题

2024-10-06 阅读理解

　　分析解读：

　　我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。近年来，主旨大意题在阅读理解一直保持比较大的比重，但难度加深，要求考生解题时对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后，方可得出正确答案。

　　技巧点拨：

　　1.常见提问方式：main idea, main purpose, best title型

　　（1）what’s the main idea of the passage?

　　（2）The passage is mainly about_______.

　　（3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

　　（4）What’s the purpose of the passage?

　　（5）The passage tells us that________.

　　（6）Which is the best title of the passage?

　　（7）From the passage we can learn that _________.

　　2.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。

　　练一练：找出下面段落的主题

　　（1）The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

　　不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。

　　（2）Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.

　　（周六考B篇，主题句在文章的最后，放飞梦想：so let your imagination run wild, dare to dream）?

　　（3）Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions(发明) are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

　　(4) Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer——cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?

　　议论文总—分—总，首尾呼应

　　总结：略读(skimming)是概括和归纳段落的中心思想的手段。用略读快速将全文阅读一遍。

　　特别注意文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。（略读时要注意的是要顺行快速向前移动眼睛，千万不要停顿或复视。

　　遇到生词时尽量猜，不然就跳过去。）

　　同时，对高频出现的词要注意。

　　3.找主题句的四个小窍门：

　　（1）段落中出现表转折的词语（如：however, but, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。

　　（2）首段中出现疑问句是，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨

　　（3）作者有意思地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

　　（4）表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion, in a word等。

　　典型例析：

　　一、段落主旨类

　　例

　　1：In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.

　　Q: The text is mainly about________.

　　A. Lexico??? B. Three men? ?C . A word game????? D. Alfred Butts.

　　【解题思路】答案A和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。

　　例

　　2：In American we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.

　　Q: What does the story mainly tells?

　　A. What holiday are like

　　B. What Halloween is like in Mexico? (曲解文章意思，并没有说两个是一样的)

　　C. What happens during Todos Santos

　　D. What we do on Halloween

　　技巧：段落结构分析

　　段落结构种类

　　主题句的位置

　　关键提示词

　　开头(新闻报道、议论文)

　　besides, for example…

　　结尾（说明文）