《劝学》英文翻译

2020-09-28 劝学

　　《劝学》文章围绕“学不可以已”这个中心论点，从学习的意义、作用、态度等方面，有条理、有层次地加以阐述。大量运用比喻来说明道理。

　　《劝学》英文翻译

　　君子曰：学不可以已。青，取之于蓝而青于蓝;冰，水为之而寒于水。木直中绳，輮以为轮，其曲中规;虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。

　　君子说：学习是不可以停止的。靛青，是从蓝草中提取的，却比蓝草的颜色还要青;冰，是水凝固而成的，却比水还要寒冷。木材笔直，合乎墨线，(如果)它把烤弯煨成车轮，(那么)木材的弯度(就)合乎圆的标准了，即使再干枯了，(木材)也不会再挺直，故木受绳则直，金就砺则利，君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。

　　Wisemen say: learning.knows no end.

　　Ultramarine is out of blue grass but deeper than blue(不错，虽然取自蓝草，但对比的双方却应该是颜色); Ice is frozen water but colder than water(上句用了out of,这句不用这样的结构，更显句式的多变，少用骈体排比). A length of straight wood, when baked into a wheel, will never be straight again, even if dried, because of the baking. (不知道bake在这里合适不) Therefore, wood will remain straight by the ink line, metal tools get sharper on the grindstones., and Wisemen ,though learned, make self-reflections everyday, so they are wise enough not to behave wrong.

　　吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也;吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非如长也，而见者远;顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里;假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假于物也。

　　我曾经整天发思索，(却)不如片刻学到的知识(多);我曾经踮起脚远望，(却)不如登到高处看得广阔。登到高处招手，胳臂没有比原来加长，可是别人在远处也看见;顺着风呼叫，声音没有比原来加大，可是听的人听得很清楚。借助车马的人，并不是脚走得快，却可以行千里，借助舟船的人，并不是能游水，却可以横渡江河。君子的资质跟一般人没什么不同，(只是君子)善于借助外物罢了。

　　I once thought for a whole day but gained no more than a moment of study. I once tiptoed to see more but still far from what I saw on a higher place. Beckings from high attract attention afar, without lengthening the arm; Greetings with the wind make yourself heard more clearly, without strengthening the voice(strength用的好，掌声鼓励下。虽然汉语是“疾”，但英语不能是speed，因为声音借助风力，当然speed了). By using a horse cart, one can go a thousand miles, not because he himself walks faster; By using a boat, one can travel across all rivers, not because he himself swims better. Wisemen are by birth no different but know better than others how to make use of materials around.

　　积土成山，风雨兴焉;积水成渊，蛟龙生焉;积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里;不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步;驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折;锲而不舍，金石可镂。

　　堆积土石成了高山，风雨就从这儿兴起了;汇积水流成为深渊，蛟龙就从这儿产生了;积累善行养成高尚的品德，那么就会达高度的智慧，也就具有了圣人的精神境界。所以不积累一步半步的`行程，就没有办法达到千里之远;不积累细小的流水，就没有办法汇成江河大海。骏马一跨跃，也不足十步远;劣马拉车走十天，(也能走得很远，)它的成功就在于不停地走。(如果)刻几下就停下来了，(那么)腐烂的木头也刻不断。(如果)不停地刻下去，(那么)金石也能雕刻成功。

　　Where a hill piles up, there tend to have winds and rains; where waters gather into a pool, there may come water-dragons.(用时较久，对come, come into being, bear等都不甚满意) When good deeds accumulate into virtue, higher wisdom will naturally be developed and then come the spiritual state of a saint. Therefore, without those small steps, one can never go a thousand miles; without those trikles, there will be no rivers and seas; A jump of a steed covers no more than 10 paces; while a nag can travel far without stopping in ten days, that’s because of its persistence. A piece of rotten wood won’t cut if you give up half-way, while Metal and stones can be carved if you hold on to it.(喜欢那些不及物动词，如：The medicines that kill等，但不知cut能否如此使用)

　　蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。

　　蚯蚓没有锐利的爪子和牙齿，强健的筋骨，却能向上吃到泥土，向下可以喝到泉水，这是由于它用心专一啊。螃蟹有六只脚，两只大爪子，(但是)如果没有蛇、鳝的洞穴它就无处存身，这是因为它用心浮躁啊。

　　Earthworms have no sharp claws or teeth, no strong muscles or bones, but they can feast on the mud above and drink at the underground springs below(抬头食土，低头饮泉，黄泉姑且译作地下河吧。). This is because they are devoted to the same thing. Crabs have six legs and two pincers, but they have no other places to lodge except for the empty holes of snakes or water serpents. This is because they can’t concentrate themselves.

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