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经典双语：《兰亭集序》林语堂译文
It is the ninth year of Yonghe (A.C.353), also known as the year of Guichou in terms of the Chinese lunar calendar.On one of those late spring days, we gather at the Orchid Pavilion, which is located in Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture, for dispelling bad luck and praying for good fortune.The attendees of the gathering are all virtuous intellectuals, varying from young to old. Endowed with great mountains and lofty peaks, Orchid Pavilion has flourishing branches and high bamboo bushes all around, together with a clear winding brook engirdled, which can thereby serve the guests by floating the wine glasses on top for their drinking. Seated by the bank of brook, people will still regale themselves right by poetizing their mixed feelings and emotions with wine and songs, never mind the absence of melody from string and wind instruments.
永和九年，岁在癸(guǐ)丑。暮春之初，会于会(kuài)稽山阴之兰亭，修禊(xì)事也。群贤毕至，少长(zhǎng)咸集。此地有崇山峻 岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右,引以为流觞(shāng)曲水，列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。
It is such a wonderful day, with fresh air and mild breeze.Facing upwards to the blue sky, we behold the vast immensity of the universe; when bowing our heads towards the ground, we again satisfy ourselves with the diversity of species.Thereby we can refresh our views and let free our souls, with luxuriant satisfaction done to both ears and eyes. How infinite the cheer is!
是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅。 仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛。所以游目骋(chěng)怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。
People keep coming and going, and life soon rushes to its end. Some people prefer to share their proud aspiration and lofty goals with close friends indoors, while some others choose to follow their interest and free their minds wherever and whenever they like. May characters vary from person to person, or some would rather stay peaceful while others like to live restlessly, they will all become delighted and satisfied once they meet something pleasant, so cheerful that they get unaware of their imminent old age.However, when they get tired of their old fancies that they’ve already experienced, and sentiment correspondingly accompanies the change of situation, all sorts of complicated feelings will well up in the heart, too. Isn’t it thought-provoking that the happiness we used to enjoy passes by without leaving a single trace, let alone that the length of life is subject to the fate, and death is inevitable for anybody in the end? Just as some ancient man once put it, “Death also deserves our attention, like what life does.”, so how can we restrain ourselves from grieving?
夫(fú)人之相与，俯仰一世。或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内;或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。虽趣(qǔ)舍万殊，静躁不同，当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快 然自足，不知老之将至;及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀，况修短随化，终期于尽!古人云：“死生亦 大矣”，岂不痛哉!
Every time I ponder about the reasons why our predecessors would produce works with such inenarrable emotions, I find there seem some similarities between our minds. Yet I cannot help lamenting their literary masterpieces while I am struggling for the very cause in my innermost world. Now I come to realize that it has been ridiculous for me to equate death with life, long life with short life . The descendents view us just the way we look at our predecessors, and how woeful it is! Hence I write down all the names of the attendees and put their poetry into record. Conditions may go with the changes of time, but people’s emotions shall stay the same. I believe the following readers will still have much to mediate about life and death when appreciating this poetry anthology.
每览昔人兴感之由，若合一契，未尝不临文嗟悼(jiē dào)，不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇(shāng)为妄作。后之视今，亦犹今之视昔，悲夫!故列叙时人，录其所述，虽世殊事异，所以兴怀，其致一也。后之览者，亦将有感于斯文。
[知识拓展]
兰亭集序 / 兰亭序
朝代：魏晋
作者：王羲之
原文：
永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹;又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水，列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅，仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。
夫人之相与，俯仰一世，或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内;或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊，静躁不同，当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，怏然自足，不知老之将至。及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化，终期于尽。古人云：“死生亦大矣。”岂不痛哉!(不知老之将至 一作：曾不知老之将至)
每览昔人兴感之由，若合一契，未尝不临文嗟悼，不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。后之视今，亦犹今之视昔。悲夫!故列叙时人，录其所述，虽世殊事异，所以兴怀，其致一也。后之览者，亦将有感于斯文。
思想
文章的第一段较具体地写了兰亭集会的盛况。本段共六句。第一句交代了集会的时间、地点及目的，第二句交代了与会的人物，第三句写了兰亭之优雅的环境，第四句写盛会上人们的活动情况，第五句写晴和的天气，第六句抒发感慨。显然，六句中，有些是惯常的必要的交代，有些是写自然造化之美，有些却是写集会的“盛况”。名士们在晴朗的天空下，感受着和煦的春风，可远眺可近观可仰视可俯察，流觞曲水，饮酒赋诗，畅叙幽情，何其痛哉!快哉!乐哉!而“仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛”，其作用在于“游目骋怀”“极视听之娱”。这里在抒发了生之快乐的同时，又表现出一种旷达的心境。
本段以写盛会始，以抒感慨终;以做“修禊”为名，以行快乐为实。
文章的第二段写了两种人，一个是喜欢“静”的人，一个是喜欢“躁”的人。前者“取诸怀抱，晤言一室之内”，后者“因寄所托，放浪形骸之外”，性格乃至行为上有很大的不同。但是，两者又有惊人的相似之处：“当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，曾不知老之将至;及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。”快乐的时候，得意忘形，感觉不到自己在悄悄地衰老，等对高兴的事物感到了厌倦，感慨就自然而然地产生了。什么感慨?有两个：一个是“向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹”;另一个是“修短随化，终期于尽”。它告诉我们三点：其一，事物有生就有灭，有乐就有悲;其二，事物由生到灭，由乐到悲，其时间很短暂，倏忽之间，正如白驹之过隙;其三，生命之长短之存灭，不是主观所能左右的，它取决于自然的造化。由此说来，生命是何其宝贵!正因如此，所以作者才引用古训“死生亦大矣”;正因如此，所以作者慨叹：“岂不痛哉!”
东晋是名士风流的时代。他们崇尚老庄，大谈玄理，不务实际，思想虚无，寄情山水，笑傲山野。他们思想消极，行动无为，就像浮萍之于海水，随波荡漾，飘到哪里就是哪里。当然，死了就死了，无所谓，因为死就是生，生就是死，“一死生”“齐彭殇”。对此，作者作了委婉的批评。
生和死是两码事，不能等同起来。生有各种各样的.生，有的人活得窝窝囊囊，有的人活得志得意足;死也有各种各样的死，有的人死得默默无闻，有的人死得轰轰烈烈。司马迁说：“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛。”臧克家说：“有的人死了，他还活着;有的人活着，他已经死了。”毛泽东说：“生的伟大，死的光荣”。生与死怎么可以等同呢?正如作者所说的：“固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。”作者这样写，表明了他对生死问题的看重，他是想以此来启发那些思想糊涂的所谓名士，不要让生命轻易地从自己的身边悄悄逝去。
综上所述，文章记叙了兰亭集会的盛况，阐述了“死生亦大矣”的观点，批评了士大夫之虚无的思想观念，显然是有感而作，缘情而发。但是，作为一篇文集的“序”，除了批评士大夫之虚无的思想观念之外，还要对结集的目的说一说。参加兰亭集会的是当时社会上的名流，如谢安、孙绰等人。正如上文所说，他们引觞曲水，饮酒赋诗，畅叙幽情，何其痛哉!快哉!乐哉!然而，“向其所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹”。对此，作者认为“岂不痛哉”!所以，把他们赋的诗收录下来，不至于使其泯灭，而让其流芳百世，使“后之览者，亦将有感于斯文”，如作者一般，生发出“死生亦大矣”的感慨。为什么会这样呢?因为“虽世殊事异，所以兴怀，其致一也”，因为“后之视今，亦犹今之视昔”。这不能不令人慨叹作者有一副多么好的心肠!
创作背景
晋穆帝永和九年(353年)农历三月初三，“初渡浙江有终焉之志”的王羲之，曾在会稽山阴的兰亭(今绍兴城外的兰渚山下)，与名流高士谢安、孙绰等四十一人举行风雅集会。与会者临流赋诗，各抒怀抱，抄录成集，大家公推此次聚会的召集人，德高望重的王羲之写一序文，记录这次雅集，即《兰亭集序》。
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