一、句型1: Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如: work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
(1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
(2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。
(3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:
(1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
(2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.
这棵树比以前长得高多了。
三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:
(1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。
(2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
(3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)
她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
(4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
四、句型4: Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:
buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
(1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
(2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。
上述句子还可以表达为:
(1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
(2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5: Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
(1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
(2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。
(3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
(1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
(2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
句型6:There be + 主语 + 其它
这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be 之后。值得关注的是,当句中有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:
(1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.