英语动词加ed的用法:
(1)作表语
①过去分词作表语时,说明主语所处的状态。
You shouldn’t try to stand up if you are badly hurt.如果你严重受伤,就不应站起来。
He is gone.他走了。
You are mistaken.你错了。
②表示情感的动词的ed形式作表语
表示情感的动词的ed形式常见有disappointed(失望的),astonished(惊讶的),excited(激动的),interested(感兴趣的),frightened(害怕的),moved(感动的),pleased(高兴的), puzzled (不解的),satisfied(满足的),surprised(惊奇的),touched (感动的),worried(担忧的)等。这类此都有“被怎样了的”意义”表示主语的状态,主语一般是人。
I was not satisfied with the result.我对那个结果感到不满意。
I was deeply moved by the moving story.我被这个感人的故事感动了。
I was very surprised at the news.我听到这个消息后非常吃惊。
(2)作定语
动词的-ed形式作定语表示被动与完成,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的中心词,是它动作的承受者。
① 作定语的过去分词如果是单个词,一般放在名词的前面。
Japan is a developed country.日本是一个发达国家。
He cleared up all the fallen leaves.他清除所有的落叶。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health .污染的空气和水对人们的健康是有害的。
② 如果是过去分词短语,要放在名词的后面,相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句。
The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies. (=which were ever found…)曾经在英国发掘的最大的一批硬币有大约20万枚银便士。
The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.(= once it is begun)研究是这样设计的,一旦启动就不能改变。
People developed a kind of paper made from the fibres of plants.人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 为英语教学编写的第一套教科书出台于16世纪。
③表示情感的动词的ed形式作定语
表示情感的动词的ed形式常见有disappointed(失望的),astonished(惊讶的),excited(激动的),interested(感兴趣的),frightened(害怕的),moved(感动的),pleased(高兴的), puzzled (不解的),satisfied(满足的`),surprised(惊奇的),touched (感动的),worried(担忧的)等。这类此都有“被怎样了的”意义”表示中心词的状态,中心词一般是人。
The excited football fans were singing in loud voices.那些兴奋的球迷在高声唱歌。
The frightened child kept trembling all the time.那个被吓坏的男孩一直在发抖。
④己完全形容词化动词的ed形式作定语
有些动词的ed形式己完全形容词化,作前置定语时,其含义与同形的作后置定语的动词的ed形式不完全相同。
I’m going to buy some used books tomorrow.明天我要去买一些旧书。(旧的)
The books used are still new now .用过的书现在仍然很新。(用)
We’ll meet at a given time and place .我们将在一个固定的时间、地点见面。(固定的)
The time and place given to us are not decided yet .给我们的时间和地点还没定下。(给
巧用“令(使)人”解的动词分词式
过去分词作表定,修饰通常是人称。表示“使人”怎么样,皆由外因出感情。
现在分词作表定,主语常是事、物名。表示“令人”怎么样,说明性质或特征。