现在完成时趣味课件

2021-06-11 课件

　　现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。

　　一、引入：

　　-Did you visit Beijing before? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn’t.

　　Have you ever visited Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.

　　Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.

　　二、定义:

　　现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或仍在持续的动作、状态；强调对现在的影响或联系。

　　三、结构:

　　have/has+p.p.(动词过去分词)

　　接触一：肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。如：

　　① We have just finished our homework．

　　② She has gone home．

　　注意：

　　1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。

　　2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。

　　3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。

　　接触二：否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。如：

　　⑥ We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．

　　⑦ The train hasn't stopped yet．

　　接触三：疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。

　　③ Have you read this story book yet？

　　特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下：

　　④ What have you done with my bike?

　　⑤ You've read this story book, haven't you?

　　注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。

　　2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，

　　往往译成“……过吗？”、“已经……了吗？”等。

　　3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，

　　否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有时用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。

　　四、过去分词（规则＋ed）

　　1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed 2）liked lived moved

　　3）stopped dropped robbed planned， preferred 4）carried，worried，tried，cried

　　五、现在完成时常与一些词、词组连用 :

　　1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经）、

　　yet（仍、还）、just （刚刚）、before（以前)

　　2、for +一段时间 : for two days 有两天了

　　3. in the past/last＋一段时间 : in the past ten years 在刚过去的十年里

　　4. since + 过去某一个时间: since 1991 : 自从1991年到现在

　　一段时间 + ago since 14 years ago: 自从14年前到现在

　　一般过去时句子: since I was born : 自从我出生到现在

　　already, yet, ever, never, just的用法

　　Already 肯定句，强调已经的意,放句中或句末.

　　I have already finished my homework.

　　= I have finished my homework already.

　　yet 否定句、问句，表示还没，没有的'意思,放句末

　　He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

　　Has he finished his homework yet?

　　ever 问句，表示曾经的意思 Has John ever been to Zhuhai?

　　never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示从没的意思 He has never been to China.

　　just 肯定句，表示刚刚的意思 I have just come back from China.

　　练习：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空

　　1. Have you seen the film ( )?

　　2. Have you done your homework ( )? -Not ( ), I will do it after supper.

　　3. Have you ( ) been to England? -no, ( ).

　　4. I have ( ) finished reading the book.

　　5. I have ( ) paid for the car.

　　for, since及how long

　　For + 时间段：表示某个动作持续了多长时间

　　Joey has been in New York for 10 years.

　　Since + 时间点（具体时间/ … ago/ 某个动作发生的时间）：

　　表示某个动作是从什么时候开始的，间接地表示这个动作持续的时间

　　Joey has been in New York since 1996.

　　Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.

　　Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.

　　两者都可以回答由How long引导的问题。

　　How long has Joey been in New York?

　　练习：用for, since及how long填空

　　1. The wind has blown ( ) 2 hours.

　　2. The dog has stayed there ( ) it ate its dinner.

　　3. ( ) has the old man lain in bed?

　　4. The teacher has thought about the problem ( ) yesterday.

　　5. The horse has run ( ) quite a long time.

　　6. The ducks have swum ( ) thirty minutes.

　　7. The poor child has worn the old clothes ( ) 7 years old.

　　六、have been to, have gone to

　　Have (has) been to表示曾经到过某地（通常现在已经回来了）

　　My mother has been to London twice. 妈妈去过两次伦敦。（妈妈现在已经回来了，在家）

　　Have (has) gone to 表示已经去了某地（通常不在说话的地方）

　　My mother has gone to London. 妈妈去了伦敦。（妈妈现在就在伦敦，不在家）

　　练习：

　　1. Jenny is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.

　　2. Jane isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?

　　3. My father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.

　　4. It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.

　　5. The manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.

　　6. The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.

　　have been to, have been in, have been

　　Have been to 去过某地，现在不在那里 I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.

　　Have been in 一直呆在某地，后接地点

　　I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.

　　Have been 后接名词和表状态的词组 I have been a teacher since 2004.

　　I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.

　　练习：

　　1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?

　　B: He ______________the school library.

　　2.The Greens _____________China for three years.

　　We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.

　　1. Some of us have ______________ Zhuhai for only a week.

　　2. Susan has ______________ in this band for over five years.

　　3. My father has ______________Guangdong several times.

　　4. It has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.

　　5. He loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.

　　6. Judie has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.

　　7. Tony has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.

　　8. Betty’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesn’t feeling like going out.

　　9. The boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.

　　七、瞬间动词和持续性动词用于完成时的区别

　　延续动词表示经验、经历；

　　瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

　　He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

　　Julia has borrowed the book. Julia已经借了那本书。

　　I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

　　Julia has kept the book for 3 days. Julia已借了三天这本书了。

　　用于till / until从句的差异

　　延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到…才…”

　　He didn‘t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10 点才回来。

　　He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

　　瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.

　　1.直接用延续性动词

　　buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep Come/go /become—be

　　put on-- wear

　　2.转换成be+名词

　　join the army – be a soldier

　　Join the Party –be a Party member

　　go to school– be a student

　　3转换成be+形容词或副词

　　die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on

　　leave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed

　　4.转换成 be+介词短语

　　go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army

　　1.我们买这本书三年了.

　　We have had the book for three years.

　　We bought the book three years ago

　　2.他感冒三天了.

　　He has had a cold for three days.

　　He caught a cold three days ago.

　　1. His uncle ____________ (die) for two years.

　　2.He left his hometown three years ago. (改为同义句)

　　He ________ _______ _________ _______ his hometown for three years.

　　瞬间动词和持续动词的练习

　　判断正误：

　　1. Ann has become a teacher for 4 years.

　　2. Maria has borrowed the CD from me for a over a week.

　　3. Jeff hasn’t had a day off since last Monday.

　　4. Norman has put the machine right for a few hours.

　　5. The students have finished the homework for a while.

　　6. The front door has been open for 8 hours already.

　　7. The meeting has lasted for two hours and a half.

　　8. Berry has been late for school several times this term.

　　9. I have met Philip once.

　　10. The Greens have eaten the supper for two hours.

　　八、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

　　现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和过去具体的时间连用,而过去时可以.一般过去时常和过去时间短语连用。

　　1. He ____________(work) in our school for one year.

　　2. He ______(come) to our school last year/in 2002.

　　3. They _______________(cook) the supper already.

　　4. They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.

　　练习：Finish the sentences with the correct tenses:

　　A city ________ (be) born beside the Pearl River 2000 years ago. Later it__________ (become) bigger and more important. It _______________ (change) a lot in the last few years. Now the Baiyun Hills,Tianhe and Fangcun_______________(be) parts of the City. Baiyun hotel ___________(be) once the tallest building in China. But now many buildings _________ ( be) much taller than it . People in Guangzhou ____________(build) many new buildings these years. In its long life, the city ___________(have) four names.Do you know what are they ?

　　现在完成时巩固练习

　　Multiple choice

　　1. You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?

　　A haven’t you B have you C do you D don’t you

　　2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai. ---So ________ her parents.

　　A. do B. does C. has D. have

　　3. – I have watched the game.

　　--When ____ you ____ it?

　　A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch

　　4. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.

　　A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live

　　5. His grandma ______ for two years.

　　A died B has been dead C was dead D has died

　　6. –Where is Han Mei now?

　　--- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.

　　A has gone B has been C goes D had gone

　　7. ---_____ to the United Stated ? ---- No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.

　　A. Did you go B. Do you go C. Have you been D. Have you gone

　　8. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?

　　A do you B are you C have you D did you

　　（1-8 BDCBB ACC）

　　Translation

　　1. I have already finished my homework．

　　我已经做完家庭作业了。

　　2. He has just had his meal．

　　他刚吃过饭。

　　3. Have you ever sung this English song？

　　你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？

　　4. They haven’t started yet．

　　他们还没有动身。

　　5. We have never heard of it．

　　我们从来没有听说过这件事。

　　6. I've been to Beijing three times.

　　我去过北京三次。

　　阅读理解

　　I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer . He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different place in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there , he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

　　1. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?

　　The writer has been in Australia for 6 months.

　　Tim is a mechanic and he’s working in Australia.

　　Tim is working for an Australian firm.

　　Tim is working for a big firm as an engineer.

　　2. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?

　　Time has been in Darwin for 6 months.

　　It’s the first time Tim has ever been to another country.

　　Perth is in the centre of Australia.

　　Tim’s brother has never been abroad before.

　　写作平台

　　１、Talk about some places which you are interested in. Why do you like there?