语法专题
Module 1
简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。
一. 五种基本句型：
1． 主语＋系动词＋表语 （S+V+P）He is happy.
2． 主语＋不及物动词＋（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming.
3． 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.
4． 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,
主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.
5． 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.
二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。
1． He likes music very much.
2． The soup tastes salty.
3． She works very hard.
4． My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.
5． My father bought me a computer.
Module 2
宾语从句：以一个句子作为宾语的复合句。
一. 宾语从句的时态：
主句 从句
一般现在时 要根据具体情况选择所需要的时态
一般过去时 相应的过去时态
一般过去时 客观真理或自然现象时，从句用一般现在时态
e.g. He says that he is going to the cinema.
He said that he couldn’t finish the work on time.
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
二. 宾语从句的语序：陈述句的语序。
三. 宾语从句的引导词：
陈述句 that (在口语中可省去)
一般疑问句 if / whether
特殊疑问句 疑问词 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how)
e.g. He says. He likes painting.---- He says (that) he likes painting.
Is he American? He asked ---- He asked if / whether he was American.
Where is the cinema? I don’t know ---- I don’t know where the cinema is.
四. 练习：把下列句子改为宾语从句。
1. The story is very interesting. (he said)
2. What did you say? ( I didn’t hear)
3. Where does he come from. (I want to know)
4. Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)
5. Has she seen the film? (I don’t know)
6. How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)
7. He is playing computer games. (he says)
8. They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)
Module 3
动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing）
有些动词后面需加to do或-ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的'单词多为 “打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。
一. 接to do的动词有：want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。
二. 接-ing的动词有：feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。
三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的动词有：hate, like, love, begin, start（意思一样），remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on（意思不一样）等。
四. 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Would you like _____________ (have) a cup of tea?
2. I’m very tired, let’s stop _____________ (have) a rest.
3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldn’t remember _________________ (smile) at me.
4. He wants _____________ (buy) a new bike.
5. You must keep _______________ (practice) ______________ (speak) English every day.
6. Have you finished _____________ (read) the book?
7. I decide ______________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.
8. My sister enjoys _______________ (listen) to music.
9. He learnt ______________ (swim) all by himself.
10. My father agreed ____________ (buy) me a computer.
11. I forgot _____________ (close) the door yesterday.
12. I hate ______________ (lose).
13. The teacher is coming, we stop _____________. (talk)
14. We tried ______________ (finish) the work on time.
15. Sally refused ______________ (play) during the final practice.
16. He offers ____________ (help) me with the work.
17. She can’t afford ______________ (buy) a dictionary.
18. I hope _____________ (go) abroad.
19. Da Wei asked ____________ (play) the computer game on my father’s computer.
20. He started _______________ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.
Module 4-5
一. 由if引导的条件状语从句 (如果...)
1. 句子结构
主句 + if从句. If从句, 主句.
2. 时态变化
主句 从句
一般将来时
will won’t 一般现在时
v. don’t + v.
v.-s doesn’t + v.
启使句
v. Don’t + v.
e.g.:
If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.
=
If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.
=
If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.
=
=She should , or
二. 感叹句 (多......啊!)
1. What + a/an/... + adj. + n. (+ 主语 + be)!
(+ 从句)
e.g.: clean classroom it !
honest kid Tom !
terrible news this !
fantastic concerts they !
funny place we went yesterday!
2. How + adj. + 主语 (the + n. /人名/代词) + be!
How + adv. + 主语 + v.!
How + adj./adv. + 从句!
e.g.: 改写上面的句子.
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