Unit 4
1 intention n. 计划；目的 意图 [C][U][(+of)][+to-v]
I began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but I never did.
我开始读这本书时想读完它，可是我从来就没把它读完。
He has no intention of marrying yet. 他还没有要结婚的打算。
What is your intention? 你的意图究竟是什么?
【习惯用语】
by intention 故意
have no intention of doing ... 无意做...
with the intention of 抱有...目的, 打算
with the best of intentions 好心好意, 出于一片好心
without intention 无意中, 不是故意地
2 call up 召集；动员 ;使人想起 (= call upon)
call for 需要；要求；值得： to call for bid 招标
The occasion calls for a cool head. 这种场合需要冷静的头脑。
call back召回; 收回; 取消; 撤销; 回想, 回忆; 回电话
call in收集; 收回(货币)不再流通; 邀请
call off 取消; 叫走; 使转移
call on拜访; 要求, 请求, 招致; 指名
call out大声喊叫; 召集; 命令(工人)罢工; 使跃出; 向...挑战; 要求和...
3 stand out 突出; 出色; 显著 ; 坚持；支撑
to stand out a crisis 挨过危机
stand as 作(侯选人)竞选
stand by 袖手旁观 ;站在一起, 帮助 ;维持, 遵守
stand for代表, 象征, 意味着 ;支持, 主张, 赞成 ;参加...的竞选 ;[口]容忍
stand to 守(约, 条件等); 继续做下去; 准备行动; 坚决主张; 坚持; 进入阵地
stand up against 抵抗, 反对, 同...对抗
stand up for 拥护, 辩护
4 absence n.不在,缺席[U][C][(+from)]
She never speaks ill of anyone in his or her absence.她从不乘人不在时说别人的坏话。
缺少,缺乏[U][(+of)]
The absence of color in that drawing makes it dull.那幅画因没有着色而显得晦暗。
in the absence of 缺乏...时; 当...不在时
leave of absence 请假, 准假
absence of mind 精神不集中; 心不在焉
5 come into being：形成, 产生
相关归纳：（1）come into power 上台、掌权、执政
Eg. This government came to/into power in 1998.本政府于1998 年执掌政权。
（2）come into effect 实行；实施；生效
Eg. The law came into effect on October 15.那项法律于10月15日生效。
（3）come into use 开始被使用
Eg. The telephone first came into use in the 1870s.电话在19世纪70年代开始使用。
（4）come into sight/view 可以望见；出现在眼前
Eg. As we rounded the bend the lake came into view.我们转过弯，那个湖泊就展现在我们眼前了。
come into fashion 开始流行
come to涉及；谈及
When it comes to politics I know nothing. 谈到政治，我一无所知。
获致；到达；结束 They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake. 他们得到的结论是他们犯了一个不可饶恕的错误。
The water came to my waist. 水已达我的腰部。
总共；共计 The bill came to $5.50. 账款共计5美元50美分。
突然想起 Suddenly the words of the song came to me. 我猛然想起了这首歌的歌词。
come to oneself (昏迷后)苏醒过来; 恢复理性, 停止胡闹
to come 未来的, 将要到来的
come across偶然碰见; 无意中找到 ;出现于, 想到
come about发生; (风等)改变方向; 转帆, 转航向
How come? [口]为什么? 怎么会? 怎么搞的?
How comes it that? (=How is it that...?) [口]为什么? 怎么回事?
6 apart adv. 分离, 分成零件, 分别地, 分离着
adj. 分开的
apart from除…外;此外 ; 离开
All the children like music apart from Bobby. 除了博比外所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。
The writer lives apart from his family. 作家不与家人同住。
Apart from being too large, the trousers don't suit me.
这条裤子不但太大,而且我穿着也不合适。
Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
除了很少的几句外,我对法语一无所知。
tell ... apart 区分; 分辨(两种事物)
far apart 离得很远
7 send for召唤, 派人去拿
Send someone for a doctor.派人去请医生来。
I send him for some sugar.我派他去买一些糖。
相关归纳（1）send off 送别；发出
go to a station to send a person off 到车站给某人送行
We have sent off all the invitations.我们已经把全部的请帖发出去。
（2）send out 发出，放出；长出
She sent out three hundred invitations.她发出300张请帖。
In spring the trees begin to send out new leaves.春天树木开始长出新叶。
A fire sends out light and warmth.火发出光和热。
（3）send in 叫……进来；提交，递
Send her in.叫她进来。
send in one’s card递名片
He has sent three paintings in for the exhibition.他已送出三幅画参加展览。
8 recommend vt.
推荐,介绍[(+as/for)][O1]
Can you recommend me some new books on this subject?
你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗?
Can you recommend a good dictionary? 你能介绍一本好词典吗？
建议,劝告[O2][+v-ing][+that]
recommend to try a new medicine 建议试服一种新药
I recommend you to comply with safety regulations.我劝你遵守安全规则。
使成为可取,使受欢迎[(+to)]
His proposal has much to recommend it.他的建议有不少可取之处。
Your plan has very little to recommend it. 你的计划几乎毫无可取之处。
付托,托付[(+to)]
I recommended my child to her care.我把孩子托付给她照顾。
Unit 5
1 off prep. 在离…海的附近 an island off the coast of southeast 东南沿海的一个岛屿
离开 Keep off the grass. 勿践踏草坪。
脱离 Take the curtains off their hooks. 把窗帘从挂钩上取下来。
Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.
两个男子把这个包裹从飞机上取下,提着进了海关大楼。
从…去掉；从…减少 cut a piece off the loaf 从整个面包上切下一块
距离；离…；与…相隔
The ship was blown off course. 船被吹离了航道。
We are going off the subject. 我们离题了。
adv. 离开, 在远方, 离去, 分离, 中断, 完成
far off 远 a mile off 有一英里远
only three months off 只要再过三个月(只在三个月前)
fly off 飞去 go off 走掉 get off 脱衣; 下马
fall off (从马上)掉下来
take off 脱(衣、帽、鞋等) ；断掉, 休止
turn off the radio 关掉收音机
take a day off 休假一天
drink off 喝完
leave off work 停止工作
pay off 付清
called off. 取消了。
wear off (精力)衰退; (衣服)渐渐破损
ten per cent off 九折
2 make up 和解；和好 Let's make up让我们言归于好吧。
化妆；化装 She made up her face to look prettier. 她把脸化了妆以便看上去漂亮些。
捏造，虚构（故事、诗等） The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
补足；凑足 I tried to make up for my loss我力图补偿我的损失。
整理；收拾 make up a bed 整理床铺
make up for 补偿
How can we make up to you for what you have suffered? 我们如何补偿你所遭受的损害？
make for 移向；走向 ；攻击 (= make at) 造成
If the ship encountered wind force eight, it should make for port. 如果船遇到8级大风，就应当返回港口。
make of理解,推断
I can't make of what he wants. 我不了解他要什么。
make out 勉强了解 ；开出，写（支票、账目等）；声称；伪装；把…说成
He immediately sat down and made out a check. 他立刻坐下来开了一张支票。
He makes out he's younger than me. 他声称比我年轻。
I could just make out a figure in the darkness我隐约看见黑暗中有个人影
What a strange person she is! I can't make her out at all.她这个人真怪! 我根本无法了解她.
make over 更改；修改 ；〈法〉转让财产
Can you make over this old shirt? 你能修改这件旧衬衫吗？
His wealth was made over to his children. 他的财产已移交他的孩子们了。
make it 及时到达；成功
3 at one point: 一度,在某一时刻
At one point I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed.
当时我以为她要拒绝，但最後她却同意了。
At the point he got up and left the room. 此时他站起来，离开了屋子。
to point: 中肯，扼要，到一点
on the point of: 即将(正要,接近)
off the point: n. 离题
4 make the most of：尽量利用；充分利用
Eg. We should make the most of our opportunities.我们应该尽量利用我们的机会。
相关归纳：（1）make use of 使用，利用
Any citizen can make use of the public library.任何一位公民都可以使用这家公共图书馆。
（2）take advantage of 利用；欺骗
Eg. He took advantage of my kindness. 他利用我的仁慈。
He took full advantage of the school library.他充分利用学校的图书馆。
注意：在take advantage of 结构中，advantage前无冠词，且其也不用复数。
5 consist vi. （与of 连用） 组成，构成，包括，由…组成
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。
His job consists of helping old people who live alone.
他的工作包括帮助无人照顾的独居老人。
（与in连用）在于 The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。
（与with连用）一致，符合
Theory should consist with practice. 理论应与实践相一致。
6 consider vt., vi. 考虑；思考
I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。
The court would not even consider his claim for the old man's legacy.
法庭根本不会考虑他所提出的对老人遗产的要求。
认为；以为 ［后接that 引导的从句］ 或（as...， of...， to be...）
I consider it a great honor. 我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。
considerate adj. 对...关心爱护的， 体贴的； 会照顾的（of） 考虑周到的
You might be a thought more considerate of other people. 你该多想著点儿别人.
considerable adj. 值得考虑的， 不可忽视的， 重要的 ；相当（大， 多）的， 可观的
The TV play received considerable acclaim. 这部电视剧获得很高评价。
7 country, nation, state：这三个词都有“国家”的意思，但用法各异。
country“国家”，“国土”，是不含任何感情色彩或引申意义的普通名词，着重指疆土、国土、家园。
nation着重指人民，可译作“民族，国民（总称）”。例如：the Chinese nation（中华民族）。
state着重指政权、国家机器。
Exercises:（1）The king spoke on TV to the ______.
（2）They set up a ______ of their own where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
（3）How many ______ are there in the world?
答案：（1）nation （2）state （3）countries
8 as many \much as 和...一样多
【习惯用语】
as if 好像，好似 (= as though)
She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。
as long as 只要 (= so long as)
You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back.
只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。
as of 自从；自…起 (= as from)
as of today 从今天起
as to 关于；至于 I don't know anything as to the others. 至于其他，我一无所知。
9 namely adv. (=that is to say)即, 就是, 换句话说
The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.
这铁路联接两个城市, 即纽约和芝加哥。
Only one student passed the exam, namely Peter. 只有一个学生通过了考试，就是彼得。
10 spread vt., vi. spread, spreading
（常与out连用）张开；伸展；延长；加宽
The bird spread its wings. 这只鸟展开翅膀。
Father spread the world map out flat on the floor and tried to find out the town where his son was fighting. "父亲把世界地图平摊在地板上,努力寻找他儿子正在战斗的小镇。"
覆盖；涂敷 spread butter on bread (=spread bread with butter)
She spread the bread with butter. 她把黄油涂在面包上。
分布；分配，分摊 to spread the cost over 3 years 将费用分摊三年
传播，传布
蔓延；扩散
The fire spread from the factory to the houses near by. 火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。
The illness spread through the village. 这种病在村里蔓延开了。
The news of victory spread apace. 胜利的消息迅速传开。
spread to 传到, 波及, 蔓延到
spread with 在...上面涂抹[铺盖, 复盖]
11 manner n. 方法; 方式; 样子 ；态度, 举止; [pl. ]礼貌, 规矩
[pl. ]风俗, 习惯; 生活方式
(艺术、文学的)风格, 手法; 文体
good manners 有礼貌 bad manners 没礼貌
The manner of presentation is highly important. 介绍的方式很重要。
He had an absent-minded manner. 他表现出心不在焉的样子。
Mind your manners. 注意礼貌。
She has written a book on the manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians.
她写了一本关于古埃及人习俗的书。
It is bad manners to interrupt.打断别人说话是不礼貌的。
I don't like to talk with him; he has a very rude manner.我不喜欢和他说话，他态度粗野。
His success is in a manner of speaking our success, too.他的成功也可以说是我们的成功.
by any manner of means (=by any means) 以任何可能的方法; 无论如何
by no manner of means 决不, 一点也不
in manner of 以...方式
in a manner (=in a way, in some degree) 在某种意义上; 多少, 有点
in the manner of 照...的式样; 做出...的样子
in this manner 如此, 照这样
12 ruin n. 毁灭, 覆灭; 崩溃; 没落, 破产;
[pl. ]废墟, 遗迹; 损失
[只用单]毁灭[败坏]的原因, 祸根
the ruin of his hopes 他的希望的破灭
fall into ruin 破败不堪
The building is in ruins. 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。
Gambling was his ruin[the ruin of him]. 赌博是他堕落的原因。
【习惯用语】
be the ruin of 成为...毁灭[堕落]的原因
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败; 使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
come to ruin 毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
fall to ruin 毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
in ruins 成为废墟
ruin oneself 毁掉自己
vt. 毁坏；毁灭；使破产
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
Unit 6
1 predict vt.,vi. 预言[报, 示]; 常与that连用）
predict rain for tomorrow 预告明天有雨
She predicted that he would marry a doctor. 她预言他将娶一位医生
prediction n. 预言[告] 【气】预测[报]
weather prediction 天气预报
2 trend n.[C] (海岸、河流等的)走向
The mountains have a western trend.群山向西延伸。
趋势,倾向;时尚The current trend is towards informal clothing.
目前的趋势是穿着比较随便。
the trend of modern living 现代生活的趋势
vi.[(+towards)]伸向;折向,转向
The road trends to the north.这条路是向北的。
趋向,倾向Share prices have been trending down.股票价格一直趋向下降。
【习惯用语】 set the trend (在风尚、式样上)开个头, 带个头
3 indicate vt.
指示;指出[+(that)][+wh-]
The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.
电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。
表明;象征;暗示[+(that)][+wh-]
His hesitation indicates unwillingness.他的犹豫表明不愿意。
I indicated that his help was not welcome. 我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。
Indication n. 指出, 指示, 迹象, 暗示
give an indication of 表示, 象征, 用来衬托(...的大小比例)
The indication is that ... (有)迹象表明
There are various indications that ... 种种迹象表明
4 keep in touch with：与...保持联络
相关归纳：（1）get in touch with 和……联络，和……接触
Eg. I got in touch with her. 我跟她联络上了。
（2）lose touch with（与……）失去联系；没有……的消息，不明……的真相
Eg. He has lost touch with reality. 他与现实脱节。
If we don’t write often, we will lose touch.如果我们不经常通信，我们就会失去联系。
（3）be in/out of touch with（与……）联系/失去联络，与……脱节
Eg. I’m still in touch with his old friends.我仍然和他的老朋友保持联系。
I can’t give you advice, because I am out of touch with economic conditions now.
我不能给你提供建议，因为我不了解现阶段的经济状况。
注意：在keep in touch with 和get in touch with结构中，要用介词in,而在lose touch with结构中不用介词in。
5 purchase vt.买,购买
He purchased this stamp at an auction.他在拍卖会中购得这枚邮票。
赢得,获得,努力取得
We treasure this dearly purchased victory.我们珍惜这次以惨重的代价换来的胜利。
purchase freedom with blood 以血的代价赢得自由
n.买,购买[U][C]
He worked all summer to save money for the purchase of a piano.
他工作了一整个夏天,为的是存钱买架钢琴。
所购之物[C]
He filled the car with his purchases.他把买的东西装满车子。
6 remain vi.[W]
剩下,余留A few pears remain on the trees.树上尚留有几颗梨子。
继续存在Little of the original architecture remains.
原先的建筑物几乎没有残留。
(人)留下;逗留She remained in her office all afternoon.她整个下午没有离开办公室。
保持,仍是[L]
This room remains cool all summer.这个房间整个夏天保持凉爽。
The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery. 客栈老板之死仍然是个谜。
留待,尚待[+to-v]
Several problems remain to be solved.有好几个问题尚待解决。
属于,归属[(+with)]
The decision remains with the general manager.还得由总经理作决定。
【习惯用语】
it remains to be seen 尚待分晓
remain in 呆在家里
remain out 呆在外面, 留在户外
remain up 过了就寝时间还不去睡
remain with 在...的权限内, 属
【参考词汇】 remain stay
都指“继续停留”或“继续保持某种状态、关系或行动。”
remain 常可与stay 互换, 但它强调“继续停留于一处或保持原状态、情况性质而不改变”, 如: This place remains cool all summer. 这个地方整个夏天都凉爽。
stay强调“某人[物]继续留在原地而不离开”, 如:
He stayed to see the end of the game. 他一直呆到比赛结束。
7 deal n. 交易, (政治上的)密约, 待遇, 份量, <口> 买卖
vt., vi. dealt, dealing （与with连用）对付；应付
How would you deal with an armed burglar? 遇到持有武器的盗贼，你将如何对付？
（与with连用）与…有贸易往来；与…做买卖
I've dealt with this shop for 20 years. 我同这家商店做生意已经有20年了。
（常与连用）关于；有关
a book dealing with West Africa 关于西非的一本书
（常与by, with连用）对待（某人）
dealt honorably by them 受到他的真诚对待
（与in连用）买卖；经销 [(+in/with)]
a shop that deals in goods of all kinds 经营各种货物的商店
（常与out, round连用）分配；分发 [(+to/out)]
The Red Cross dealt out food to hungry villagers.红十字会把食品分发给饥饿的村民。
Who dealt the cards? 谁发牌？
击 deal sb. a blow 打击某人
He dealt Jim a blow on the ear.他打了吉姆一记耳光。
【习惯用语】
make a deal with 与...做成一笔交易; 与...达成协议
do a deal with 与...做成一笔交易; 与...达成协议
That's a deal. 就这么办, 一言为定。
It's a deal. 就这么办, 一言为定。
deal in 从事于 ；经营, 做...买卖 ；分给(某人)一份
deal out 分配 ；给予; 执行
deal well with sb. 待某人好
deal with 与...交往(有生意往来) ；应付, 对付; 处理 ；论及, 涉及, 研究
a great deal许多
8【习惯用语】
go on the air 开始广播 on the air 正在广播; 开始播送 ；(电子计算机)在运转中
get off the air [停止]广播
in the air 在空中 ；(消息等)在传播, 在到处流行 ；(计划等)悬而未决 ；(事情)可能发生的
out of thin air 无中生有
up in the air 悬而未决 ;慌乱 ;非常激动; 发怒 非常高兴
9 certain adj. [只作表语]确凿的, 无疑的 ；可靠的
[只作表语, (+of/about)][+(that)][+wh-][+to-v]一定的, 必然的, 有把握的, 确信的; 一定会来到或发生的
[只作定语]某, 某一(些); 相当的, 一定程度的; 一些, 有点儿, 某种
for a certain reason 为了某种理由
a certain Smith 某个叫 史密斯的人
It is certain that two and two makes four. 二加二等于四是确定无疑的。
He is certain to come. 他一定会来的。
There was a certain coldness in her attitude towards me. 她对我的态度有点冷淡。
I'm quite certain of that.对那事我完全可以肯定。
I was certain that he had seen me.我肯定他已看见了我。
A certain person called on you yesterday.昨天有个人来拜访过你。
【习惯用语】
be certain of 确信, 深信
be certain to 必然; 一定
be not certain whether... 不能确定是否...
for certain 肯定地, 确凿地
make certain (of, that) 把...弄清楚, 把...弄确实, 保证
10 cure：可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。主要义项有：治疗，治愈；矫正，革除；治疗法，治疗药；解决方法。
注意：cure不能直接跟双宾语，而应用cure sb. of sth.。
Eg. The doctor cured him of cancer.医生治愈了他的癌症。
What can’t be cured must be endured.［谚］无能为力之事只得忍耐。
a cure for unemployment 解决失业的办法
11 store vt. 贮存[(+up)]
Water is stored against the dry season.蓄水以备旱季使用。
保管,收存[(+away)]
The cabbages were stored in the basement.包心菜储藏在地下室里。
供应;装备[(+with)]
容纳;蓄有The barn will store five tons of grain.这个谷仓能放五吨粮食。
n.[C]贮存,贮藏[(+of)]
The grain here is for store.此处的粮食供储备用。
仓库,货栈【美】店铺,店;【英】大商店
Another auto store was opened in town yesterday.昨天镇上又开了一家汽车商行。
贮存品,备用品[P] They deal in household stores.他们经营家庭用品。
丰富,大量[(+of)]He has a great store of confidence.他信心十足。
【习惯用语】
in store 贮藏着; 备用; 等候着; 必将发生
in store for 就要落到..., 必将发生的, 注定的; 替某人准备着
Who knows what the future has in store for us? 谁知道我们将来会怎么样?
keep a store 开一个店
lay in stores for 贮备...; 为...准备着
out of store 耗尽, 售完
set great [little, no, not much] store by 重视[忽视, 不重视, 不太重视]
12 combine v. (使)联合, (使)结合
combine theory with practice 使理论与实践相结合
combine hydrogen with oxygen 使氢氧化合
Some films combine education with recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合起来。
【习惯用语】
be combined in 化合成
be combined with 与...结合着
combine with... 把...与...结合起来
13 company n. 公司, 陪伴, (一)群, (一)队, (一)伙, 连, 连队
【习惯用语】
bear sb. company 陪伴某人
keep sb. company 陪伴某人
fall into company with 偶然和...结识
for company 陪着
give one's company 陪某人
have company 有客， 招待客人
in company （with）和...在一起
keep company with 和...常来往
know sb. by his company 观其友知其人
part company with 与...告别［有分歧； 绝交］
in the company of 在...陪同下