Unit13 The water planet知识清单
Speaking
1. benefit n. ______ vt. ______ vi.受益a public benefit_____disability benefit_____
1) be of benefit to the people [U]
for the benefit of…
benefit from…
sth. benefit sb./ sth.
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.
据说瑜珈对人的身体有好处。It is said Yoga is ________________to human health.
2) Exercise benefits our health
3) We benefit by [from] daily exercises
The plants ____________________ the rain.
4) 新公路对村民有益。 __________________________________.
5) A large sum of money has been raised for the ________ of the poorly-educated children in the mountainous districts.
A. profit B. favour C. advantage D. benefit
6) I had no choice but to review part of my previous lecture _____ those who had been absent from some classes.
A. for the benefit of B. on purpose C. in return for D. in need of
7) If you get up early and run every day, you will _____ a lot from it.
A. profit B. benefit C. deserve D. receive
2. range n. _________ vt_________ vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…_________ vary from …to…
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃
Most of the students are in the 17-20age range. 大多数学生都是在17岁至20岁的年龄范围。
a range of mountains
a range of pictures
the annual range of temperature
a wide range of knowledge
1) The price of beer _________ from 50cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.
A. changed B. ranged C. separated D. differed
2) The children’s activities out of classroom ________ from watching TV to playing chess.
A. range B. include C. conclude D. change
3. break down 分解; 出故障，失败，垮掉，破坏，把。。。分类，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) _____________ break in _____________
break into sth_____________，break off _____________ break out_____________；
break through _____________ break up _____________ break down ______________
61. The fire broke ___ after they had gone home.
A. in B. out C. off D. down
62. The prison was broken ___ and all the prisoners were set free.
A. into B. in C. up D. down
63. I would tell the story much more easily if you didn’t break ___ so often.
A. into B. through C. in D. up
64. We’ll have to get out and walk. The car’s ___down.
A. broken B. fallen C. gone D. run
65.He has broken ____ the bad habits.
A. out of B. off C. away D. away from
4. whatever(=anything that)作为连接代词引导名词性从句，“无论什么，任何东西，一切事物” ，语气比what强烈。
1) Whatever is left over is yours.
2) You must do __________ is best for you.
3) She is against whatever I am fond of.
4) cf.
_____________book you want to read will be sent to your office.
______________ book you want to read, it will be sent to your office.
5) _________ you say, I won’t let you do that dangerous thing.
A. No matter, B. What C. No matter which D. Whatever
5. pure adj. _____________, 无垢的, 纯洁的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold The water in mountain rivers is usually pure.
pure English a pure mind It was a pure accident. by pure chance pure science
11. mass n. _____________, 群众, 大量
adj. _____________, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds.
（常与of连用）许多；大量
a mass of hot air I've masses of work to do. the masses
Troops are massing on the frontier. Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.
mass production a mass-circulation magazine
6. absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。(take in)
He is absorbed in study.________________________。
be absorbed in_________________( put heart into)
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
1) She was so _________ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated
2) When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely ______ a magazine.
A. absorbing in B. absorbed in c. absorbing to D. absorbed to
3) _________ in his studies, he forgot to eat and go to bed.
A. Absorbed B. Absorbing C. To like D. Devoted
7. give off _________
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away ______；give sb/sth back _______； give in (to sb /sth) ______；
give off ____________；give out ____ give up __________；
1) The engine _______ smoke and steam.
A. gives up B. gives in C. gives away D. gives off
2) When he opened the tin, it __________ a bad smell.
A. gave away B. gave in C. gave up D. gave off
Integrating skills
8. sensitive ___________ （~ (to / about sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. He’s very sensitive about his weight.
她对批评很敏感。 She’s _______________criticism.
1) The elder need special care in winter, as they are _______ to the sudden changes of weather.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. flexible D. positive
2) Although cats can not see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more ________ to light than human eyes.
A. sensible B. positive C. sensitive D. stable
3) Some plants are so sensitive ______ pollution that they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment.
A. from B. against C. to D. with
9. a variety of ___________
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. He resigned for a variety of reasons.
10. there is no need (for sb. ) to do sth. / there is no need for sth.
there is no hope of doing sth.
there is no possibility to do sth.
there is no doubt that…
1) Since you have repaired my TV set, ________ is no need for me to buy a new one.
A. it B. there C. this D. that
2) ________ no need for us to discuss the problem again _____ it has been settled.
A. it has, once B. it is , because C. There had, for D. There is, since
Exercises: 1) fill in the blanks:
1.The children’s age ________________________________(在5岁至15岁之间).
2.____________________________(她处理这个问题的方法) is very good.
3.A week later,__________________________（也就是),Oct 1 is National Day.
4.He ________________________(充分利用了) multimedia in the class.
5.The little girl ____________________________(对温度很敏感).
6.His actions _________________(使他受到尊敬).
7.He ______________________________(设法完成了工作) with very little help.
fill in the blanks with the following expressions:
be made up of all the way range from break down add to
take advantage of that is mix with contribute to benefit from
1.Temperature here__________________10°C to 30°C.
2. You can _______________________ her offer to drive you home.
3. A volleyball team consists of Six players while a football team ________________eleven players.
4.He is a hero, so you will ___________ his good example.
5.The talks between those two big companies ______________ so the two managers had to look for another trade partner respectively.
6. Uncle Smith followed him _________ down the street.
7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _____ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
8.It’s now twenty minutes past four, ______________, the doctor has gone for two hours.
9.The powder is then ______________ water and other things, and made into different kinds of food.
10.The chairman encouraged everyone to _______________ the discussion.
2) Sentence-completing
1.海洋里的生物从微小的浮游生物到巨大的动物，如鲨鱼和鲸鱼，都无所不包。
Life in the oceans the tiniest plankton_____ ____giants
likes sharks and whales.
2.水可以吸收或放出大量的热量而其温度不会变化很大，因此能创造一个稳定的环境。
Water can and a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, a environment.
3.通过任何渠道进入海洋里的营养物质都能很快被其它生物所利用。
The nutrients in __ falls into ocean quickly become other living creatures.
4.海洋生物利用了水的密度的特性。
Marine animals and plants the density of water.
5水，看起来如此平凡和简单，却使生命成为可能。
Water, seems so simple and common, is makes life possible.
6.他向图书馆捐赠了各种图书。
He contributes books to the library.
3） 完形： 辽宁卷（秋）英语
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world . 36 springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert . The control is possible even without possession of large areas of 38 land . In the early days of the American West , gun fights were not 39 for the water resources (资源). And laws had to be 40 to protect the water rights of the 41 and the use of the water resources accordingly .
42 is known to us all , there is not 43 water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes . Deciding on the 44 of water that will be used in any particular period 45 careful planning , so that people can manage and use water more 46 . Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water 47 the water supply forecast (预报).
The 48 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 49 than from the below . Interest is 50 in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods , and to get water from the winter snow on mountain 51 . With special equipment , some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be 52 , and with the help of a repeater station , they send the 53 data (数据) to the base station . The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by 54 a button . In the near future , the forecast and use of water 55 probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains , not of water underground .
36．A．Using B．Holding C．Owning D．Finding
37．A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild
38．A．fine B．beautiful C．rich D．farming
39．A．unlawful B．unacceptable C．unpopular D．uncommon
40．A．made B．designed C．signed D．written
41．A．winners B．settlers C．fighters D．supporters
42．A．That B．It C．What D．As
43．A．plentiful B．enough C．any D．much
44．A．type B．quality C．amount D．level
45．A．requests B．requires C．means D．suggests
46．A．effectively B．easily C．conveniently D．actively
47．A．leading to B．due to C．owing to D．according to
48．A．correct B．further C．average D．early
49．A．clouds B．sky C．air D．above
50．A．raising B．rising C．building D．lasting
51．A．rocks B．tips C．tops D．trees
52．A．taken care of B．made use of C．piled up D．saved up
53．A．picked B．produced C．used D．gathered
54．A．touching B．knocking C．pressing D．turning
55．A．might B．can C．will D．should
语法：情态动词
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
一、情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②-I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
-It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
①-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-Well. He ______ have gone far--his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
- No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③-Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?
-Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①-I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. - You________ her last week.（2004年福建）
A． ought to tell B． would have told C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
- Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest _______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
- You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ - The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
- Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
- She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①-Write to me when you get home. - _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② - Could I call you by your first name？ -Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might
答案：
1..利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi. 受益a public benefit公益disability benefits残废抚恤金(pl)救济金
be of benefit to the people对人民有好处[U]
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.据说瑜咖功对人体健康有极大好处。
benefit from the new high way will benefit the village people== villager people will benefit from the new highway. DAB
2. range n.山脉vt.排列vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…从……到……不等 vary from… to …
a range of mountains一列山脉 a range of pictures 一系列画片
the annual range of temperature每年的温度变化范围 a wide range of knowledge广博的知识
BA
3. break a way (from sb/sth) 突然挣脱，逃脱；脱离；背叛
break in 强行进入，打断，搅扰 break into sth 强行闯入，break off 断开，折断；突然终止break out 爆发；break through 冲破，突破；break up 粉碎，破碎，结束；解散；拆开，绝交 BACAD
4. whatever, whatever/ no matter what D,
5. pure adj.纯的, 纯粹的, 纯净的, 无垢的, 纯洁的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold 纯金 The water in mountain rivers is usually pure. 在山间河流中的水通常是纯净的。
pure English 纯正英语a pure mind 心地纯洁 It was a pure accident.这全然是一次意外事故。 by pure chance 全凭运气 pure science 纯科学
11. mass n.块, 大多数, 质量, 群众, 大量
adj.群众的, 大规模的, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一团云。
（常与of连用）许多；大量
a mass of hot air一团热空气 I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
the masses群众, 民众 Troops are massing on the frontier.军队在边境集结。
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.乌云密集, 我们企盼下雨。
mass production大宗生产
a mass-circulation magazine大量发行的杂志
6. 他专心读书 全神贯注在 BBA
7. give sb/sth away 赠送，捐赠，泄露，暴露；give sb/sth back 还，归还； give in (to sb /sth) 屈服； give off 放出，发出（气味，热，光等）；give out 用光，耗尽，分发，散发； give up 放弃； DD
8. 感觉敏锐的，神经过敏的，敏感的 （~ (to sth)）sensitive to ACC
9. a variety of (同一事物)不同种类，多种式样
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。 他由于种种原因辞职了。
10. BD
填词： 1.range from 5 to 15 2.The way she deals with the problem
3.that is 4.took advantage of
5.is very sensitive to temperature 6.made him respected
7.managed to get the work done
方框填词： 1.ranges from 2, take advantage of 3.is made up of 4.benifit from 5.broke down 6. all the way 7. added to 8.that is 9.mixed with 10.contribution to
完成句子：1)ranges from , all the way up to 2) absorb; give off; thus creating; stable 3)whatever; available to 4)take advantage of 5) which; what 6)a variety of
情态： 一．1. CDBB 2. CCA 3. A 4. BBDA 二．1.DA 2. A 3. B
三．1． DAB 2． AB 3. C 4．A 5． C 6C C
完形： 36-40 CACDA 41-45 BDBCB 46-50 ADADB 51-55 CBDCC