Unit 3 Back to the past 生词导学(译林牛津版高二英语选修八导学案)

发布时间:2016-3-10编辑:互联网

王修潭 单小玲

1 civilization (un) 文明, 开化 (cn)特定时期或地区的文明

The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years.

古巴比伦和埃及文明 ______________________________________________

civilize vt 使…..开化,文明

civilize a jungle tribe ___________________________

civilized adj 有礼貌的,文明的, 有道德的

有礼貌的社会,行为 _________________________

2 take over 夺取, 接管, 接任, 接替

她生病期间她的女儿接管生意. ______________________________________

I’m feeling too tired to drive any more, would you please take over for a while.

__________________________________________

常用词组

take sth apart ___________ take sb away _____________

take sth away ___________ take sth back _____________

take sb back to ____________ take in _____________

take up ______________

3 erupt vi&vt (火山)爆发, 突然发生

比赛后发生了暴力事件. __________________________________ ____

Mount Vesuvius hasn’t erupted for many years. ____________________________

eruption n 火山爆发, (比喻) 疾病,战争爆发

战争爆发______________________

4 bury vt (1)埋葬 (2) 埋藏, 掩盖, 覆盖

He was buried with his wife. __________________

莎士比亚葬于何处? ______________________________

Our dog buries its bone in the garden. ______________________________

你的信压在一堆文件下面了. ______________________________

短语、 bury oneself in sth 专心致志于 隐居

每天晚上他都埋头读书.___________________________________________

他隐居到乡下写书. __________________________________

5 house vt 储藏, 收藏, 给…. 提供住房

他将旧书收藏在阁楼上. __________________________________

政府给难民提供住处. ___________________________________

6 ruin vt 毁坏, 毁灭

暴风雨毁坏了庄稼. ___________________________

You’re ruining that child. _________________________

(un) 毁灭, 灭亡 (cn) 废墟, 残垣断壁

那个消息意味着我们所以的希望都破灭了. ______________________________

the ruins of Pompeii ____________________________

短语 in ruins 严重受损, 破败不堪

他的生活很糟糕. ___________________________________

地震过后, 全城到处是残垣断壁. _____________________________________

7 condition (un)状况,状态 (cn)环境,境况, 条件(表工作, 生活, 气候条件常用复数)

be in bad/ good/ excellent condition _______________________________

living/ housing/ working conditions _______________________________

He is out of condition. ____________________________

短语 on condition that 在… 条件下 倘若 连词用于引导条件状语从句

他们给我们提供资金, 条件是我们在六个月内偿还.

______________________________________________

你要穿上外衣才能出去. ______________________________________________

8 drive vt 迫使(某人生气, 发疯等)

drive + object+ adv/ prep

那噪音使我丧失理智 ______________________________

求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力. _____________________________

drive + object +adj

痛苦使她几乎发疯 __________________________________

drive + object+ to do

贫困和饥饿逼得他们去偷. ______________________________

9 destroy vt 毁坏;摧毁,指通过某种用力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用 ,一般不能或很难修复。

他破坏了我的希望。 ------------------------------------

ruin 强调毁灭的彻底性, 并且是一次性的行为。强调破坏的长期结果。

fall into ruin come / go to ruin lie in ruins the ruins of Yuanmingyuan

bring sb to ruin ruin one’s hopes

街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。---------------------------------------

暴雨持续了五天,把所有的庄稼都毁掉。-----------------------------

damage 指对价值和功能的破坏, 多用于无生命的东西,一般可以修复

那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。----------------------------

An earthquake struck this area , ------------------ a lot of damage .

A making B causing C done D caused

10 remain VI 剩余;遗留;逗留( 没有进行时态和被动语态)

If you take away 3 from 8 , -------------------( 还剩5 )

我没有在那个小镇停留太久。I didn’t ------------------ in the town .

她一直站了一个小时。She -------------------- for an hour .

许多工作有待要做。--------------------------

我们仍然可以做朋友。---------------------------------------

他们仍然贫穷不堪。---------------------------------------

11 concern

(1)关心,后常用反身代词。concern oneself about / in / with

(2)惦记,焦虑,多用被动语态

我们都关心他们的安全。---------------------------------------

(3)相干,关联,多不用人称代词做主语。

这与你不相干。-------------------------------

有关词组:as / so far as … be concerned ---------------------------

be concerned about -----------------

12 board

be on board +boat / ship / plane ----------------------------

get / come / go on board ----------------------------

be on the board -------------------------------

13 influence n. & v. 影响

固定搭配influence on / over sb / sth

influence on sb / sth

我用与老板的交情对事情做了有些改革。-------------------------------------------

他有钱有名气,但这不会影响到我们的决定。

The fact ------------------------had --------------------------------------------------.

他的新朋友对他有良好的影响。-------------------------------------。

affect 一般指生理或物质上的改变

influence 一般指感觉和态度上的改变

Honestly speaking , it is my teacher’s ---------- that made me finally take up my present career as a biology researcher .

A advantage B influence C taste D guard

14 return vi &vt 常用词组:

return sth to sb ----------------------------- return to a place -----------------------

without return ------------------------ in return for ------------------------------

When his work was over , he -------------------------- his home .

A turned to B returned to C get back D returned

15 goods n. 商品;货物。

无单数形式,不能用数词或来修饰;做主语时,用复数动词。

There are lots of good goods in the supermarket . -------------------------

Chinese goods available for export are varied . --------------------------

16 declare vt 宣布,宣称( 后接名词,从句或复合结构 )

vi declare for / against 赞成 / 反对

They declared their independence from England .------------------------

她声称她再也不想见到他。----------------------------------------

我赞成他的观点。------------------------------