王修潭 单小玲
1 civilization (un) 文明, 开化 (cn)特定时期或地区的文明
The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years.
古巴比伦和埃及文明 ______________________________________________
civilize vt 使…..开化,文明
civilize a jungle tribe ___________________________
civilized adj 有礼貌的,文明的, 有道德的
有礼貌的社会,行为 _________________________
2 take over 夺取, 接管, 接任, 接替
她生病期间她的女儿接管生意. ______________________________________
I’m feeling too tired to drive any more, would you please take over for a while.
__________________________________________
常用词组
take sth apart ___________ take sb away _____________
take sth away ___________ take sth back _____________
take sb back to ____________ take in _____________
take up ______________
3 erupt vi&vt (火山)爆发, 突然发生
比赛后发生了暴力事件. __________________________________ ____
Mount Vesuvius hasn’t erupted for many years. ____________________________
eruption n 火山爆发, (比喻) 疾病,战争爆发
战争爆发______________________
4 bury vt (1)埋葬 (2) 埋藏, 掩盖, 覆盖
He was buried with his wife. __________________
莎士比亚葬于何处? ______________________________
Our dog buries its bone in the garden. ______________________________
你的信压在一堆文件下面了. ______________________________
短语、 bury oneself in sth 专心致志于 隐居
每天晚上他都埋头读书.___________________________________________
他隐居到乡下写书. __________________________________
5 house vt 储藏, 收藏, 给…. 提供住房
他将旧书收藏在阁楼上. __________________________________
政府给难民提供住处. ___________________________________
6 ruin vt 毁坏, 毁灭
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼. ___________________________
You’re ruining that child. _________________________
(un) 毁灭, 灭亡 (cn) 废墟, 残垣断壁
那个消息意味着我们所以的希望都破灭了. ______________________________
the ruins of Pompeii ____________________________
短语 in ruins 严重受损, 破败不堪
他的生活很糟糕. ___________________________________
地震过后, 全城到处是残垣断壁. _____________________________________
7 condition (un)状况,状态 (cn)环境,境况, 条件(表工作, 生活, 气候条件常用复数)
be in bad/ good/ excellent condition _______________________________
living/ housing/ working conditions _______________________________
He is out of condition. ____________________________
短语 on condition that 在… 条件下 倘若 连词用于引导条件状语从句
他们给我们提供资金, 条件是我们在六个月内偿还.
______________________________________________
你要穿上外衣才能出去. ______________________________________________
8 drive vt 迫使(某人生气, 发疯等)
drive + object+ adv/ prep
那噪音使我丧失理智 ______________________________
求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力. _____________________________
drive + object +adj
痛苦使她几乎发疯 __________________________________
drive + object+ to do
贫困和饥饿逼得他们去偷. ______________________________
9 destroy vt 毁坏;摧毁,指通过某种用力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用 ,一般不能或很难修复。
他破坏了我的希望。 ------------------------------------
ruin 强调毁灭的彻底性, 并且是一次性的行为。强调破坏的长期结果。
fall into ruin come / go to ruin lie in ruins the ruins of Yuanmingyuan
bring sb to ruin ruin one’s hopes
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。---------------------------------------
暴雨持续了五天,把所有的庄稼都毁掉。-----------------------------
damage 指对价值和功能的破坏, 多用于无生命的东西,一般可以修复
那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。----------------------------
An earthquake struck this area , ------------------ a lot of damage .
A making B causing C done D caused
10 remain VI 剩余;遗留;逗留( 没有进行时态和被动语态)
If you take away 3 from 8 , -------------------( 还剩5 )
我没有在那个小镇停留太久。I didn’t ------------------ in the town .
她一直站了一个小时。She -------------------- for an hour .
许多工作有待要做。--------------------------
我们仍然可以做朋友。---------------------------------------
他们仍然贫穷不堪。---------------------------------------
11 concern
(1)关心,后常用反身代词。concern oneself about / in / with
(2)惦记,焦虑,多用被动语态
我们都关心他们的安全。---------------------------------------
(3)相干,关联,多不用人称代词做主语。
这与你不相干。-------------------------------
有关词组:as / so far as … be concerned ---------------------------
be concerned about -----------------
12 board
be on board +boat / ship / plane ----------------------------
get / come / go on board ----------------------------
be on the board -------------------------------
13 influence n. & v. 影响
固定搭配influence on / over sb / sth
influence on sb / sth
我用与老板的交情对事情做了有些改革。-------------------------------------------
他有钱有名气,但这不会影响到我们的决定。
The fact ------------------------had --------------------------------------------------.
他的新朋友对他有良好的影响。-------------------------------------。
affect 一般指生理或物质上的改变
influence 一般指感觉和态度上的改变
Honestly speaking , it is my teacher’s ---------- that made me finally take up my present career as a biology researcher .
A advantage B influence C taste D guard
14 return vi &vt 常用词组:
return sth to sb ----------------------------- return to a place -----------------------
without return ------------------------ in return for ------------------------------
When his work was over , he -------------------------- his home .
A turned to B returned to C get back D returned
15 goods n. 商品;货物。
无单数形式,不能用数词或来修饰;做主语时,用复数动词。
There are lots of good goods in the supermarket . -------------------------
Chinese goods available for export are varied . --------------------------
16 declare vt 宣布,宣称( 后接名词,从句或复合结构 )
vi declare for / against 赞成 / 反对
They declared their independence from England .------------------------
她声称她再也不想见到他。----------------------------------------
我赞成他的观点。------------------------------