M9U1 Other countries, other cultures
Period I Word study
1. preference n 偏爱，优先，优先权
have a preference for 偏爱…
Tom has a preference for Chinese novels. Tom 喜欢中国小说。
prefer v (preferred, preferred: preferring)
a. prefer sth 喜欢
"Do you like French?" "Yes, but I_______________."
"你喜欢法语吗?""喜欢,但是我更喜欢英语。"
注:prefer是"比较喜欢,更喜欢"的意思,即like better,因此就不能再与better, more等比较级词语连用。
b. prefer to do sth.
They ________________________________________________ in the streets.
他们比较喜欢把早上剩下的时间都用来在街上闲逛。
c. prefer doing sth.
So you ___________ without referring to your notes?
这么说,你更喜欢不看稿子做报告了?
注: 这种prefer后面接动名词的结构,用来谈论一般情况下"更喜欢某种活动",而在一个特定场合下表示"特别喜欢"时,得用上述prefer后接动词不定式结构。
d. prefer sb. to do sth.
I _____________________to come to our art exhibition next week.
我宁愿你们下星期抽出点时间来看看我们的美展。
e. prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A
He prefers_______________. 比起语文他更喜欢英语。
f. prefer doing to doing
He prefers_________________. 同冲浪相比,他更喜欢游泳。
g. prefer to do sth rather than (to)do sth.表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”
She prefers_____________________________.
她宁愿呆在家里,也不愿和我们一起去。
h. prefer sth. (or sb.) + adj.
I prefer_____________. 我宁愿门开着。
I prefer_____________. 我爱喝不加奶的咖啡。
i. prefer that在that宾语从句中,我们应当用虚拟语气"should+动词原形",其中的should可以省略。
We prefer that each new student__________________. 我们希望每位新生修一门理科课程.
练习：
1. He said he would prefer ___ others rather than ____ by others.
A to help; to help B to help; be helped
C helping; helped D helping; to be helped
2. The young lady prefer dressing up for a party ___ by others.
A to being noticed B to be noticed C rather than to be noticed D rather than be noticed
3. Though, life should be colorful, I prefer devoting all my energies to my studies ____ more professional knowledge.
A to get B to getting C rather than get D rather than to get
4. He preferred staying at home _____ to the cinema.
A to watching TV to go B to watching TV to going
C to watch TV to going D to watch TV to go
2. occupy
(1) 意为“take up or fill (time, space, sb’s mind) ”占据，充满（时间，空间，某人的头脑等）
eg. His speech occupied only 3 minutes. 他的演讲仅占用了三分钟。
A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一张床占据了房间的一角。
(2) 意为 “take possession of and establish troops in ( a country, position, etc.)”
（军事）占领（国家，阵地等）
eg. The army occupied the enemy’s capital. 军队占领了敌人的首都。
(3) 意为“live in or have possession of ( a house, land, etc.) ”占用，占有（房屋，土地等）
eg. The family has occupied the farm for many years. 这家人占用这个农场已经多年了。
They occupy the house next door. 他们住在隔壁。
(4) occupy oneself ( in doing sth. / with sth.)
eg. How does he occupy himself now that he is retired? 既然他退休了，他在忙些什么呢？
翻译：他在忙于写一本小说。
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
归纳：忙于……，专心于……
_______________________________ ________________________
_______________________________ ________________________
occupation (n.)
(1) Teaching is my occupation. _________________ = I am a teacher by occupation.
(2) No one is yet in occupation of the house. _________________
Occupied (adj.) _________________________
试题回顾：
(1) __________ reading history books, he even didn’t notice me coming.
A. Occupied with B. Occupying with C. Occupied in D. Occupying in
(2) ________ himself ________ the project, he had no time to go back home.
A. Occupied; with B. Occupying; with C. Occupied; in D. Occupying; in
(3) When I arrived I saw the place was already _________ by two strangers in uniforms.
A. occupied B. conquered C. possessed D. owned
3. devote奉献（人生、时间、劳力等）于… ；致力于…
He devoted his life to promoting [the promotion of ] world peace.
他一生致力于促进世界和平。
短语：devote oneself to (doing) sth/devote one’s whole self to (doing) sth致力于，献身于
be devoted to (doing) sth 专心致志于；献身于，忠于
After graduation, he continued to devote himself to research.
He was still devoted to the study of chemistry after he retired. 他退休后依然专心于化学的研究.
devotion
献身;奉献[U][(+to)]
We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.
我们感谢他为这一项目花费的时间和金钱。
His devotion to science is well known. 他对科学的献身精神为人熟知.
忠诚;挚爱,热爱[U][(+to/for)] devotion to music 热爱音乐
用devote的适当形式填空：
1. He ________ his life to ________ (promote) world peace.
2. Yesterday’s meeting was ________ entirely to questions of procedure.
3. At present the time ________ to the teaching to scientific English is two years.
4. There was never a person more ________ to the revolutionary cause than Tom.
5. ________ too much time to ________ (eat), she began to put on weight.
6. ________ the next several minutes to ________ (help) the students memorize the dialogue, and all of them will keep it in mind.
7. ________ to a simple life in the service of others, he won a widespread respect.
8. The ________ of too much time to sports leaves too little time for study.
巩固练习：
1. Although the working mother is very busy, she still _______ a lot of time to her children.
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
2. We should look up _______ him as a shining example of devotion ________ duty.
A. at, to B. at, of C. to, to D. to, of
3. His son, _______ he had been ________, was living abroad.
A. whom, loved B. to whom, devoted C. to who D. who, devoting
归纳含有介词to的动词短语：
pay attention to 注意look forward to 期盼get down to 开始，着手做。。。
be addicted to 对。。。上瘾be accustomed to 习惯于be/get used to 习惯于object to 反对。。。stick to 坚持。。。lead to 通向，导致refer to 提及，谈到adapt to 适用
4. content
adj. 满意的，满足的 (作表语，不作定语)
be (well) content with 对（很）．．．满意/满足
eg. Are you content with your present salary ?
She is content with very little
be (well) content to do sth （很）愿意做某事
eg. I am content to remain where I am now.
I should be well content to (=quite pleased) to do so.
n. 满意的状态，满足
live in peace and content 生活平静满足
to one’s heart’s content 心满意足，尽情，尽欢
(复)内容, 容量
the contents of a book table of contents 目录
v. content v. 使某人满意/满足content sb/oneself with….
eg. John contented himself with a glass of wine.
contented adj. 感到满意的 with a contented look/ smile
单项选择
1. As there’s no butter , we must _____ ourselves _____ dry bread.
A. content ; with B. satisfy ;to C . meet ; with D. be content ; with
2. We sat in silence , ______ to be together.
A. being content B. contenting C. content D. contented
5. unfit adj. 不相宜的，不合适的；不胜任的（+for sth. /to do sth.）
Phil is clearly unfit to hold a senior position. 菲尔显然不能胜任高级职务。
这些房子不适宜居住。
Fit adj. 适合的,恰当的（相当于suitable）；健康的(相当于healthy)
It is not fit for you to talk like that. 你那样说很不得当。
The food is not fit to eat. 这食物不适合吃。
He has been ill and is not fit for work yet. 他一直在生病,还不能工作.
【注意】sth. is fit to do 用主动表示被动
【短语归纳】be fit for ________________ be fit to do _____________keep fit __________________
v. 使适合
These shoes do not fit me. 这双鞋我穿着不合适。
【辨析】 fit & suit & match
fit 指大小、尺寸形状合适，引申为“吻合”，也可指资格、能力适合要求，含有称职或胜任的意思
suit 指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等，也指衣服的颜色、花样、款式适合某人
match 和……相配，指大小、色调、形状、性质等的搭配
⑴ You should _______ your product ________ to the market, which is the correct way to earn money.
A. suit; to B. fit; to C. subject; to D. match; to
用suit, fit, match 填空
⑵ No dish _______ all tastes.
⑶ Try the new key and see if it _______.
⑷ Have you any material to ________ this dress?
⑸ The curtains don’t ________ the paint.
⑹ He is _______ to be an engineer.
⑺ The color of the cloth _______ a woman at my wife’s age.
6．owe vt. 欠,应该把-归功于(to)
I owe the landlord one hundred dollars.=I owe one hundred dollars to the landlord.
______________________________________
她把她的成功归功于运气好.______________________________________
选择: I owe ____ my parents.
A. that I have B. what I have C. that I have to D. what I have to
7. worth，worthy和worthwhile
这三个词都可用作adj. 意为"值得"，但各自的用法和搭配关系不同。
1. worth 只作表语
be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示"……值……"
be worth doing "某事值得被做"
Eg. Our house is worth 60000 pounds. The book is worth reading.
2. worthy 可以作表语和定语
作定语时，意思为“值得尊重的”，“有价值的”，“应受到赏识的”
a worthy course 崇高的事业
作表语时，意思是“值得……”,“应得到……”
be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done "某事值得被做"
Eg. The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.
3. worthwhile 值得的，值得花时间、钱或精力的
It is worthwhile doing sth. It is worthwhile to do sth.
Eg. It is worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
Ex:
1. It is ____the ancient temple at the top of the mountain.
A.worth to vist B.worthwhile vist C.worthwhile visting D.worthy to be visted
2. Try to spend your time just on the things you find _____.
A.worth doing them B.worth being done
C.worthy of doing them D.worthy of being done
3. 巴黎值得去看一看。（6种翻译方法）
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Period Ⅱ Reading &Project (Language point)
1. The vast majority of Canada’s population of about 30 million people is urban. (P2L15)
Majority用法 1) 多数人，大部分人（多与the连用）
The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health.
The great majority of the women who work in Packing town suffer in the same way.
The majority 大多数，过半数
The majority is(或are) against the plan. 大多数人都反对这个计划。
注：当the majority 强调整体时，使用单数动词，若强调的是团体中的每一个分子，则动词用复数）
2）（投票时的）多数（可加不定冠词）
At the next elections they might win an actual majority.
The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes.
Be in the majority 占多数
2. Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is often said to be the most multicultural city in the world. (P2 L19)= It is said that Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is the most multicultural city in the world
The mall is said to be the largest pedestrian mall in the world. (P3 L39)
= It is said that the mall is the largest pedestrian mall in the world.
be said to be … 据说是…
句型转换：
①. It’s said that all the passengers are from the same village.
= __________________________________________________
②. It was said that his novel had been translated into several foreign languages.
= ___________________________________________________
类似句型：It is reported that… It seems that… It is thought that...
巩固练习：
①. 据报道120人在这起空难中丧生。
_________________________________________________
②. 下午好像有个会议。
_________________________________________________
链接高考：据说他在国外学习过，但我不知道他在哪个国家学习的。（用主语从句及简单句翻译）
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
3. Located in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (P2L21)
Smaller in size, but equally famous, is the city of Vancouver in the province British Columbia on the Pacific coast.(P3L33)
Nearer to the Atlantic coast is Niagara Fall . (P3L43)
作表语的现在分词(过去分词、形容词) 放在句首，须完全倒装。
1. ___________when the women were looked down upon.
妇女被看不起的日子一去不复返了。
2. ______ at the back of the room _____a shy girl with two big eyes.
坐在房间后面的是一个长着一双大眼睛的羞涩女孩。
3. ____at the meeting ____Mr. Liu, who taught us English.
刘老师出席了会议，他教我们英语。
4. ______on the blackboard ____the names of those who were late yesterday.
黑板上写着昨天迟到的那些人的名字。
4．French-speaking country in the world, Paris being the largest. （P2 L25）
独立主格结构:
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
二、独立主格结构的形式
独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
1）名词／代词＋形容词
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry．我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open．月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那。
2）名词／代词＋现在分词
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder．冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk．雨停了，他出去散步。
3）名词／代词＋过去分词
More time given, we should have done it much better．如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
The boy stood there, his right hand raised．那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4）名词／代词（主格）＋不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month
这是前两卷,第三卷将于下月问世。
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend's．
两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5）名词／代词十介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand．那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in his hand，但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。
6）名词／代词十副词
Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away．由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
Lunch over, he left the house．But he was thinking．午饭结束，他离开屋。但他还在考虑。
7）名词／代词＋名词
He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon．他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。
8）with复合结构
它的构成是：“with ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
He used to sleep with the door open．他过去常开着门睡觉。（形容词）
With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village．
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
With the work done, he went home．工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
With you to help us, we will finish the task in time．
有你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night．
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
从以上例句可以看出：在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
三、独立主格结构的功能
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
1）表示时间 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea．她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
2）表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed．若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3）表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk．没有出租车，我们只好步行。
4）表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all．
几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
四、形式选择中应该注意的问题
1）现在分词还是过去分词？
在独立主格结构中，主格词与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时，用现在分词。如：Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder．一句中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词。如：More money given，we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained．一句中，“money”和“give”是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。
在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词完成时态表示。如：The snow having stopped，she went out to sweep the snow in the yard．
现在分词与过去分词的性质完全不同，但在独立结构中，有时却有共同之处：现在分词的被动式有时可以简化为过去分词。例如：
As her skirt was caught on a nail, she could not move．
→Her skirt being caught on a nail, she could not move．
→Her skirt caught on a nail, she could not move．
After his work had been finished, he went home．
→His work having been finished, he went home．
→His work finished, he went home．
2）分词结构还是独立结构？
上面的例子告诉我们，独立结构常常可以看作是由主从复合句中的从句变来的。但是，如果从句和主句的主语相同，则不可改为独立结构。例如：
Since he was very tired with his walk，he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles．
不可改为：He being very tired with his walk，he．．．但可改为：Being very tired with his walk ，he．．．
比较：判断动名词复合结构的方式
主语位置上，或动词、介词后的"名词代词 + 非谓语动词"，如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构，而不是"名词 + 定语。请看以下各例：
He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.
A. left B. being left C. leaving D. be left
The road __________ caused us to stop our work for half an hour.
A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked
The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.
A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted
5．Quebec, which was originally colonized by France, was lost to the British in 1763.(P2 L26)
be lost in 1) 消失在…中
The ship _____________________.（消失在风暴中）
2) 陷入（沉思等）；被…所吸引
For some time he seemed lost in thought.
My companion sat silent now for some time, _____ in thought
3) 在…中迷路，迷失在…
We __________________________（在森林里迷路了）
be lost to …失去，没有…
The opportunity ___________________.（他没有机会了）
1) ____ to the British, Quebec was originally colonized by France.
A Being lost B To lose C Lost D Losing
2) _____ himself in thought, he didn’t notice what happened around him.
A Being lost B Lost C Losing D Having lost
3) After hours walk in the forest, finally we found ourselves ____ our way.
A lost B losing C lose D to lost
6.. Because of this, Montreal has a wonderful mix of Old World…(P2 L27)
because of = owing to = on account of =due to =as a result of 由于…的原因，因为
1)He was unable to go to work ________ the fall from his horse.
2)_________ my work and so on, I don’t get up much to the club.
3)He was not allowed to take the senior course __________ his youth.
7.Vancouver has superb scenery, a beautiful harbour , and ....and international cuisine , in addition to being close the popular wilderness and ski areas.
In addition to 除…之外(还有)=besides
Eg. In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language.
We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.
In addition 另外,此外(还)
Eg. I paid 100 yuan in addition.
In addition , there was a crop failure in many provinces.
Cf: apart from
(1) =besides
Apart from the cost , it will take a lot of time.
The children hardly see anyone , apart from their parents.
(2) =except for
Apart from that , all goes well. Good work, apart from a few faults.
Other than =but, except
There is nobody here other than me.
You can’t go there other than by swimming.
Is anyone other than yourself coming?
8. It is like an underground city, covering an area of more than 20 football pitches.
Cover v. 覆盖，铺(反:expose); 掩盖，掩饰，藏匿; 占据（时间，空间）; 包括，涉及;
走过（路程）; 看过…页书; 够付(开支等), 弥补(损失);
对….进行新闻采访,报道
Eg. 1. Cover his eyes with a hand
2. The ground was covered with snow.
3. Lies cannot cover facts./ cover a mistake / cover one’s tracks 销声匿迹
4. Cover an area of
5. His researches covered a wide field.
6. The report covered all aspects of the problem.
7.I didn’t cover as much ground as I had wanted.
8.Cover 20 pages a day
9.Cover the expenses
10.I want our best reporters sent to cover the 2008 Olympics.
n. 盖子,封面
选择题:
---- How about the book you are reading ?
---- Good indeed. It _____ many problems we have come across in our study.
A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers
9. Still, Australia is considered to be a great sporting nation. 尽管如此，澳大利亚仍被视为体育大国。(P14, Line 14)
Considering Australia’s relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was very amazing. 考虑到澳大利亚人口相对较少，它在奥运会上的出色表现着实令人惊讶。(P15, Line 51-52)
Consider v.
1. 考虑，常用结构：consider doing,
consider + 从句 consider+疑问词+to do
2. 认为，常用结构：consider that,
consider sb. / sth. to be, consider sb. / sth. as
3. Considering prep. 考虑到
4. Consideration n.考虑，常用短语：take sth. into consideration _______________
⑴ 他正在考虑换工作.
_________________________________________________________________
⑵ 他们没有考虑他们能不能买的起这栋房子。
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⑶ 你有没有考虑怎么去那儿?
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⑷ 我们认为不该责怪你.
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⑸ 他被认为是一个优秀的领导.
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⑹ 考虑到天气，这场足球赛还是很不错的。
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10. The sport that most of the world calls football is known as soccer in Australia, to distinguish it from ‘footy’, which is short for Australian rules football.(P14Line28-30)
distinguish (v.) 区分，区别；使与众不同
eg. The girl is color-blind; she can’t distinguish between colors.
这女孩是色盲，她不能辨别颜色。
Jay Chou distinguishes himself by his unique singing style.
周杰伦因其独特的演唱风格而引人注目。
拓展：distinguishable (adj.) 可辨认的；可区别的 distinguished (adj.) 著名的；非凡的
[小试] 用distinguish的适当形式填空:
You should be able to _____________ between right and wrong.
He is ______________for his knowledge of economics.
A black object is not easily _____________ at night.
[归纳] distinguish between A and B 分辨A和B distinguish A from B 区分A 与B
be distinguished by / for 以……著名的 distinguish … into 把……分类
distinguish oneself 使杰出，使显出特色
[用法相似的短语]
tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B 之间的不同
tell A from B 把A与B 区分开来 tell A and B apart 把A 与B 分开
differ A from B 使A 不同于B
11. While a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, as far as most of its population is concerned, it is indeed a great sporting nation.(P15Line55--57)
句中while 表示让步，通常置于句首，意思是“尽管，虽然”
Eg. While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it.
尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许你这样做。
while 的其他用法：
(1) 引导时间状语从句， 意思是“当……的时候，和……同时”，从句中的谓语通常是延续性动词。
eg. While she was listening to the radio, she fall asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。
(2) 表示对比或转折， 意思是“而，然而”, while 一般位于句中。
eg. Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪费粮食，有人却吃不饱。
(3) 引导条件状语从句，意思是“只要”
Eg. There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有水和空气，就会有生命。
[翻译]：
(1) 虽然他爱他的学生，但是他对学生很严格。
_________________________________________________.
(2) 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。
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(3) May 英语学得好，而她的哥哥数学好。
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(4) 只要有生命，就有希望。
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选择：
(1) She thought I was praising her child，_____,in fact, I was scolding him for his bad behaviors at school.
A. what B. while C. so that D. therefore
(2) I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(2004全国卷II35)
A. while B. since C. when D. as
(3) ______it is expected that students come university with the ability to take a good set of notes，this is not always the case.
A. When B. As C. For D. While
(4) We were swimming in the lake___ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
词组汇集
1. be famous/ noted/ known/ distinguished for 因为……而出名
be famous/ noted/ known/ distinguished as 作为……而出名
2. be fond of 喜爱；喜欢3. for short 简称，缩略
4. in addition to 除了……之外
5. in addition 此外，另外
6. be home to 为……的所在地
7. cover an area of 占……面积
8. consist of = be made up of 由……组成
9. seek one’s fortunes 寻找发财的机会
10. a handful of people 少数人
11. go with 和……相匹配
12. turn a beautiful red 变成一种美丽的红色
13. turn to 变成，求助于，转向，翻到
14. most of the time 大部分时间
15. be equipped with 配备有……
16. after dusk 黄昏之后
17. participate in 参加
18. distinguish ……from …… 把……和……区别开来
19. lead to 导致
20. become excited about 对……感到激动
21. in particular 尤其，特别
22. in total 总共，总计
23. be worthy of praise 值得表扬