1. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) defines intellectual property as ideas, which include inventions, writing, artwork, symbols and designs used in business. (P62) 世界知识产权组织(WIPO)将知识产权定义为智力创造成果, 包括发明, 著作, 艺术品和商业中使用的标志和设计.
define: verb定义
to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is:
In this dictionary 'reality' is defined as 'the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be'.
Before I answer your question, could you define your terms a little more (= explain what you mean by the words you have used)?
define…as…把…定义为…
definition : noun 定义
2. Intellectual property can be classified into two categories---industrial property, such as inventions, trademarks and industrial designs, and copyright, which applies to novels, films, music, artwork and architectural designs . (P62) 知识产权可以被分为两大类---工业产权, 如发明, 商标和工业设计, 以及版权, 这适用于小说, 电影, 音乐, 艺术作品和建筑设计.
apply: verb 适用; 应用
(especially of rules or laws) to have a connection or be important:
That bit of the form is for UK citizens - it doesn't apply to you.
Those were old regulations - they don't apply any more.to make use of something or use it for a practical purpose:
He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages.
The court heard how the driver had failed to apply his brakes in time.
If you apply pressure to a cut it's meant to stop the bleeding.
applied: adjective [before noun] 应用的
relating to a subject of study, especially a science, that has a practical use:
applied mathematics/science
application: noun 适用; 应用
The new laws have (a) particular application to the self-employed.
The design has many applications.
the application of this research in the treatment of cancer
apply常用短语:
apply A to B:将A应用于B
apply to sb./sth.: 适用于…
apply to …for…: 向…提出申请…
We should apply the theory to practice.
The teaching method doesn’t apply to my students.
I applied to the company for a job.
3. If someone who spends his or her time, effort and money writing a book, for example, he or she deserves to be paid for it, even if it is just a draft. (P62)例如, 如果有人花了他或她的时间, 精力和金钱来写一本书, 即使只是草稿, 他或她也值得他人为此付费.
deserve: verb 应受, 值得
to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have:
After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.
Chris deserves our special thanks for all his efforts.
I hope they get the punishment they deserve.
[+ to infinitive] They certainly deserved to win that match.
4.Because of this, the Chinese government has added its signature to several laws protecting intellectual property. (P62) 为此, 中国政府在几部保护知识产权的法律上加上了自己的签名.
add: verb 增加
to put something with something else to increase the number or amount or to improve the whole:
If you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven.
Beat the butter and sugar together and slowly add the eggs.
She's added a Picasso to her collection.
Her colleagues' laughter only added to (= increased) her embarrassment.
[+ that] She was sad, she said, but added (= said also) that she felt she had made the right decision.
[+ speech] "Oh, and thank you for all your help!" he added as he was leaving.
addition noun 增加
Twice a week the children are tested in basic mathematical skills such as addition (= calculating the total of different numbers put together) and subtraction.
Most working environments are improved by the addition of (= adding) a few plants and pictures.
A secretary would be a welcome/useful addition to our staff.
In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.
比较短语:
add to: 增添
add A to B: 把A加到B上
add up to: 总计
What you did added to my trouble.
We should add fertilizer to the soil.
The cost of the trip added up to 2000 yuan.
典型题例:
The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather the helplessness of the crew at sea. (2003上海)
A．added to B．resulted from C．turned out D．made up
选A. add to增添; result from由于; turn out 结果; make up 编造
5. However, in everyday life, we are now faced with decisions about how to respect intellectual property rights.(P63) 但是在日常生活中, 我们现在面临着如何保护知识产权的决定.
face: verb 面对
If you face a problem, or a problem faces you, you have to deal with it:
This is one of the many problems faced by working mothers.
Passengers could face long delays.
You're faced with a very difficult choice there.
be faced with: 面对
典型题例:
__________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (北京2005春)
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
答案及解析:
选C. 此处Faced with a difficult situation 相当于 Because Arnold was faced with a difficult situation.
6. The copying of copyright material is known as piracy. (P63) 这种复制有版权的材料的行为被称为盗版.
be known as…: 被称为…; 以…知名; 被认为是…
be known for…: 因为…而闻名
be known to sb….:为某人所知道
He is known as a famous writer.
He is known for singing well.
It is known to us all that he is good at writing.
=As is known to us all, he is good at writing.
=What is known to us all is that he is good at writing.
典型题例:
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. (2004浙江)
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
答案及解析:
选B. known as 3M此处为过去分词短语,用作定语.