1．Cybercrime is a relatively new term that refers to any computer-related criminal offence.
(P50) 网络犯罪是一个相对较新的词语， 指任何与电脑相关的犯罪。
refer to: phrasal verb 指的是；提到; 参照
to talk or write about someone or something, especially briefly:
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
He always refers to the house as his "refuge".
When you have problems, you may refer to your reference book.
refer to…as…:把…称为
reference noun 参照
a mention of something:
Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings.
I am writing with/in reference to (= in connection with) your letter of 15 March.
with/in reference to:关于，涉及，和…有关
典型题例:
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _________ his notes.
(2005浙江)
A．bringing up B．referring to C．looking for D．trying on
答案及解析:
选B. refer to参照; bring up抚养; look for 寻找; try on 试穿.
2. Lastly, it identifies those offences relating to breaking intellectual property and copyright laws. (P50) 最后, 它定义了同侵犯知识产权和违反版权法相关的犯罪.
relate to sb/sth: phrasal verb 和…有关
to be connected to, or to be about someone or something:
Chapter nine relates to the effects of inflation on consumers.
relate to sb ：phrasal verb 理解
to understand someone and be able to have a friendly relationship with them:
Many parents find it hard to relate to their children when they are teenagers.
3. Considering how bad the situation with cybercrime against companies has got, many people wonder why so little is known about this. (P51) 考虑到针对公司的网络犯罪的情况有多么恶劣, 许多人质疑为什么我们对于这些犯罪知之甚少.
consider: verb 考虑
to give attention to a particular subject or fact when judging something else:
You've got to consider the time element when planning the whole project.
[+ question word] If you consider how long he's been learning the piano, he's not very good.
[+ing] I am considering moving.
consideration：noun 考虑
It may be fairly cheap to buy, but you've got to take into consideration the money you'll spend on repairs.
Comfort/Safety is an important consideration.
take sth. into consideration: 考虑到，顾及
considering：preposition考虑到
used to mention a particular condition or fact about something, usually a disadvantageous one:
Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly.
consider: verb 认为
to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision:
Don't make any decisions before you've considered the matter.
[+ question word] Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?
[+ ing form of verb] We're considering selling the house.
She's being considered for the job.
I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision.
4．All of this is further complicated by the legal situation regarding cybercrime. (P51) 有关网络犯罪的网络状况使形势更加复杂.
(1) situation: noun 形势, 情况
the set of things that are happening and the conditions that exist at a particular time and place:
the economic/political situation
Her news put me in a difficult situation.
"Would you get involved in a fight?" "It would depend on the situation."
I'll worry about it if/when/as the situation arises (= if/when/as it happens).
注: situation后的定语从句常用where/in which引导, 这类词还有: point, case, system等.
相关题例:
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
答案及解析:
选A. situation在定语从句中作状语,所以用关系副词where.
(2) regard: verb 认为
to consider or have an opinion about something or someone:
Local people regard this idea of a motorway through their village with horror.
Her parents always regarded her as the cleverest of their children.
regarding: preposition 关于
about:
The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.
5. The only solution to this problem is international cooperation. (P51) 这个问题的唯一的解决办法就是国际合作.
the solution to this problem: 这个问题的解决办法, 其中to是介词, 其后接名词,代词或动名词, 类似的有:the key to solving the problem, the visit to Beijing, the entrance to the cinema, a trip to some place, a guide to a museum等.
相关题例:
-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
-The key_______the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
答案及解析:
选B. to是介词,其后用-ing形式; make the demand;提出要求, made by the customers为过去分词短语作定语,表达被动含义.
6. The technical skills of these criminals are among the best in the world, which means that governments must combine their technological resources to keep up. (P51) 这些罪犯的技术水平在世界属于先进水平, 这意味着政府必须集合他们的技术资源来跟进.
keep up: 保持, 维持, 继续
to continue without stopping or changing, or to continue something without allowing it to stop or change:
Keep up the good work!
有关keep的常用短语:
keep (sb/sth) off sth: 让开,不接近
There was a notice saying 'Keep off the grass'.
keep on doing sth: 继续做某事, 反复做某事
She kept on asking me questions the whole time.
keep sb. from doing sth: 阻止某人做某事, 防止某人做某事
I'm afraid I couldn't keep myself from smiling when she told me what she'd done.
keep (sb/sth) away: 避开, 远离
Keep away from the edge of the cliff.
keep up (with sb/sth): 跟上,使不落后
He started to walk faster and the children had to run to keep up.
Wages are failing to keep up with inflation.
典型题例:
Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t __________ you. (北京2001春)
A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to
答案及解析:
选A. 此句意为: 你慢点好吗? 我跟不上你了. put up with 忍受; make up to 讨好, 报答; hold on to 抓住, 抓牢.