Welcome to the unit ---- Reading
1. listen to a headmaster talking about school activities
listen to sb do / doing sth
现在分词强调动作正在进行, 而不带to的不定式则强调过程
小偷在超市偷东西时被抓住了.
The thief was caught ___________ in the supermarket.
我看见老人过了马路.
I saw the old man _______________.
我们可以听见森林里的鸟叫.
We can hear the birds _________________________.
你听到她在花园里读中文了吗?
Did you hear her read Chinese in the garden?
[拓展] 这一类的词: see / hear / watch / observe / notice / catch / find / listen to / look at 等
[练习] 1. --- Do you often hear her _____ the song?
--- Yes. When I was walking past her house, I heard her ____ it.
A. to sing, singing B. singing, singing C. sing, singing D. singing, to sing
2. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
2. discuss the following questions with a partner
follow
v. 1. 跟随
Follow me!
那男孩跟着爸爸出去了.
______________________________
2. 沿着, 遵循, 照…办
这些命令必须立刻照办.
These orders ______________________ at once.
你必须按照老师的建议办事.
__________________________________________
3. 听懂, 理解
Can you follow me?
[拓展]
1. following adj. 接着的, 下述的 与the 连用
次年战争结束了.
The following / coming year the war came to an end.
= In the year that followed the war came to an end.
2. as follows 如下
The rule is as follows. 规则如下.
3. at ease with our teacher
ease 1) vt. 使轻松, 使安静
我给他些药使他减轻疼痛.
I gave him some medicine to ___________________.
2) n. 轻松,自在
at (one’s) ease 轻松,自在
他在这个陌生的房间里感到很紧张..
He didn’t feel ___________________ in the strange room.
with ease 容易地, 轻松地 = easily
他们有望在这次比赛中轻松获胜.
________________________________________
take one’s ease 休息,轻松一下
4. do you know of any other differences between the lives of Chinese and British high school students?
辨析: know, know of, know about
know 表示直接地认识,知道具体的人或事
know of 间接地了解, 听说, 知道有关…的情况
know about 与know of 意义相同, 但含有更详细,具体的了解
I happen to________________ him, but I don’t _________________ him.
我碰巧听说过他, 但我不认识他.
了解一门语言并不意味着懂这门语言.
___________________________ doesn’t mean ______________ the language.
5. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (Page 2, line 1)
1) Going to a British school for one year 是动名词短语作主语, 动名词短语一般充当主语, 宾语,表语等.
学英语会花你很多时间.
Learning English will take you a lot of time.
老师的工作是教学.
Teachers’ job is teaching.
错过头班车意味着等一小时.
Missing the first bus means waiting for an hour.
2) experience
a. experience作不可数名词。意为“体验”“经验”“从经验中获得的知识和技能”。后接介词in或of短语，表示在某方面的经验。如：
Have you had any experience in work of this sort?
你对这工作有经验吗？
Experience comes from practice.
经验来源于实践。
She is a teacher ________________________________________________ but not in driving at all.
她是一位具有20多年教学经验的老师，但在驾车方面却毫无经验可谈。
b.作可数名词意为“经历”。如：
The car accident was ____________________________ to him.
那次车祸对他来说是一次可怕的经历。
Please tell us your experiences of living abroad for so many years.
请向我们介绍一下你在国外生活多年的经历。
Do you have such experiences as diving 100 metres in the sea?
_______________________________________________?
c.作及物动词，意为“体验 u有……经验”．如：
________________________________________?
你体验过真正饥饿的滋味吗？
He _________________________________________ for the first time in his life.
他首次体验有生以来最大的困难。
Experiencing pain is as valuable as experiencing pleasure.
__________________________________________.
d. experience的形容词为experienced，意为“有经验的”。如：
The job calls for ______________________.
这份工作需要有经验的人。
_____________________________ is _________________________ the wounded soldier.
一位老练的医生在给那位受伤的士兵做手术。
be experienced in (doing) sth
[练习]
I know from _______ that I can’t believe in a person like him.
A. experience B. an experience C. experiences D. the experience
6. I was happy with the school hours in Btitain. (Page 2, line 2)
be happy with sb / sth = be pleased / satisfied with 对…感到满意
你对测试的结果满意吗?
___________________________________________?
我对他为我所作的感到满意.
I’m happy with what he has done for me.
be happy to do sth 乐于做某事
The students are very happy to have a long holiday.
7. This means I could get up an hour later than usual. (Page 2, line 4)
1) mean (meant, meant, meaning) vt.
① 表示…意思 mean + n. / that
The red light means “stop”.
② 意欲,打算 mean to do sth 打算做某事
班主任意欲惩罚那些调皮的孩子.
__________________________________________________.
③ 意味着,意指 mean doing sth
独立自主并不意味着闭关自守.
Independence doesn’t mean ____________________________________.
④ mean sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
⑤ means n. 方法,方式 单复数相同
by means of 以…, 借着…
Thought can be expressed by means of music.
思想可以通过音乐表达.
by all means 无论如何, 务必
Finish it by all means.
by no means 一点也不
Most teachers are by no means happy with their income.
老师对自己的收入不满意.
[练习]
---- You are so lucky.
---- What do you mean __ that?
A. for B. in C. of D. by
2) than usual比平常
as usual和往常一样
than expected比预料……
as expected正像预料的那样
than supposed比推测……
In the summer vacation, he is _______________________________.
在暑假里，他和往常一样忙。
I got a higher mark ___________________________.
我得分比预料要高。
Our team won the game ____________________________.
正如预料的那样，我们队赢了这场比赛。
8. On the first day, all students went to attend the assembly. (Page 2, line 6)
1) attend
vt.出席，参加
我们希望出席的人越多越好。
We’d like as many people as possible to attend.
他们一定参加了玛丽的婚礼。
They are sure to _____________________________________.
辨析
take part in, join, join in, attend
①Take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等, 着重说明句子主语参加该活动并在活动中发挥作用.
We will take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
② join 有两种用法
Ⅰ. 指参加某个党派,团体组织等,成为其成员之一, 如参军, 入团, 入党等.
join the army / the Young Pioneers / the Party
Ⅱ. Join sb in (doing) sth 和某人一起做某事
Will you join us in the discussion?
He will join us singing the song.
③ join in 多指参加小规模的活动, 如球赛,游戏等
Come along and join in the ball game.
④ attend 是正式用语, 及物动词, 指参加会议, 婚礼,葬礼, 典礼,去上学,去上课,听报告等
attend the meeting / lecture /
对应练习
My brother ______ the army in 2002.
A. joined B. joined in C. attended D. joined with
---Would you like to _____ playing basketball?
---Certainly.
A. join us B. join us in C. join us with D. take a part in
Yesterday my parents went to _____ an evening party.
A. attend B. take part C. join D. join at
We should ______ the sports and games.
A. take a part in B. take active part in C. take an active part in D. attend
2) assembly
n.集会，会议
They were fighting for freedom of speech and freedom of assembly.
他们在为言论自由和集会自由而斗争.
The headmaster will give a speech _______________________.
校长将在会议上讲话.
拓展
assemble vt.聚集，集合，收集
All the students were asked to assemble in the main hall.
对应练习
根据汉语完成句子
1） 在第一天所有学生都去参加集会。
On the first day, all the students went to _______________________________.
2） 所有学生都被要求在操场上集合。
All the students __________________________________ on the playground.
9. He also told us the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. (Page 2, line 9)
1) earn
Vt.获得，赚，挣得
He earns about ￡20,000 a year.
他一年挣大约2万英镑.
As a teacher, she had ________________________________________________.
作为一名老师, 她已获得了她的学生们的尊敬和敬佩.
earn a (one’s) living earn one’s bread 谋生
2) respect
n. 尊敬，敬重
win / earn respect 赢得尊敬
have / show respect for sb 尊敬某人
lose the respect of sb 失去…的尊敬
The students ___________________________ their history teacher.
学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师.
Give my ____________________ to your wife.
请代我向你太太问好.
The teacher _________________________________.
这个老师失去了学生们的尊敬.
Vt. 尊敬
respect sb for sth 因…尊敬某人
respect oneself 自重,自尊
[拓展]
in all respects 无论从哪方面来看
in respect of 关于，就。。。来说
without respect to 不管，不考虑
with respect to 谈到
It is good manners to __________ the elders.
A. show respect for B. show respect with C. have respect to D. have respect of
3) achieve
Vt. 赢得，取得，实现，成就
He finally ______________________________.
她终于取得了成功.
All you have achieved is to upset my parents.
你唯一做到的就是使你的父母难过.
拓展
achievement n.成就，成绩，功绩
It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.
如此年轻的选手有这样的成就真是了不起.
对应练习
① 我今天没做成多少事。
__________________________________________.
② 他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。
_____________________________________________.
③ Although medical science _______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.
A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved
④ As long as you study hard, you are sure to _____ your goal.
A. arrive at B. get to C. reach D. achieve
4) way n. 方式, 办法
(1) + to do / doing sth
They had no way to communicate with him.
I don’t like his way of talking.
(2) + clause
I admired him for the way ___________________________ he faces his difficulties.
我佩服他面对困难的方式.
10. So it was difficult to remember all the faces and names. (Page 2, line 18)
Sth be difficult to do = it is difficult to do sth
The question is difficult to answer.
= It is difficult to answer the question.
It is difficult for sb to do sth
have difficulty (in) doing sth
They had difficulty in finishing the work.
10. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. (Page 2, line 20)
1) what 在句中引导名词性从句, 在句中作get的宾语. 名词性从句包括: 宾语从句, 主语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句; what 在句中充当相应的句子成分. That 也可引导名词性从句, 但在句中不充当成分.
What he said is true. (主语从句)
I still remember what he told me. (__________________)
The fact is that no one likes him.
2) a bit / a little
① 都用于修饰形容词, 副词的原级或比较级
稍加努力, 你就可以得到更高的分数.
Work_____________________________ and you will earn higher grades.
② a little 可直接修饰名词, a bit 需加of
a little / a bit of water
③ not a bit = not at all 一点也不
not a little = very 非常,很
The snake is ugly. So I don’t like it a bit.
The cat is lovely. So I don’t like it a little.
3) used to do sth 过去常常做…
be used to do sth 被用来做…
be used to doing sth 习惯做…
_________________________________________.
过去我们家院子前有一颗树.
他过去总是起床很晚, 但是现在他习惯于早晨锻炼.
_______________________________________________________________.
木头被用来造纸.
___________________________________________.
11. cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. (Page 3, line 30)
1) fun [U] n. 乐趣
for fun 为了乐趣
have fun 玩得愉快
make fun of 嘲笑,取笑…
funny adj. 滑稽的, 好笑的
2) learned how to buy … 为 “动词+ 疑问词 + 不定式”的结构. 有些动词: learn , expect, decide, know, wonder, ask, tell, explain, show, find out, understand, consider, teach, promise 等后面可接 “疑问词 + 不定式”. 这种结构在语法上起名词作用, 作宾语时可替换成宾语从句.
Can you tell us which answer to choose?
= Can you tell us which answer we should choose?
We must decide whether to go or stay.
= We must decide whether we shall go or stay.
[拓展] “疑问词+不定式”还可以用作主语,表语.用作主语时谓语动词根据不定式的数来决定.
When to camping depends on the weather.
What we are discussing is what to do next.
When and where to spend the holiday ______ (be ) still a problem.
When to spend the holiday and how to get to the seashore ________ ( be) our main problem.
3) prepare
prepare sth 准备某物
The secretary worked into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.
prepare lessons 备课
prepare for ＝make preparations for 为……作准备
prepare to do sth 准备做…
prepare sb. for 使某人为……作准备
be（well）prepared for sth.＝be ready for 为……作好（充分）准备
be（well）prepared to do sth.＝be ready to do sth. 准备（好）干某事
Mother is ______________________________ for us.
妈妈正忙着给我们做早饭。
He had a speech to prepare that evening.
这天晚上他得准备一个报告。
The students __________________________ the coming sports meet.
学生们正在为即将到来的运动会作准备。
They were __________________________ the worst.
他们早已准备好应付最坏的情况。
_______________________________________________.
我不想听你的借口。
12．My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library.
as 作连词的用法
用于原级比较，像。。。一样
He speaks English as well as I.
照。。。方式；如同
Do as I say.
当。。。时候；随着
He saw her as he was getting off the bus.
He sang as he worked.
因为；由于
As she has no car, she can’t get there easily.
尽管；虽然
Tired as he was, he went on with his work.
对应练习
1) The roof fell ______ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
A. after B. as C. before D. until
2) This year they have produced ______ grain _____ they did last year.
A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than
a lot 的用法
在句中做状语
He travels a lot and knows every corner of the country.
The book is a lot more interesting than that one.
作名词，做宾语
I have eaten a lot.
可用于礼貌用语 Thanks a lot.
后面加of，表示“许多” a lot of students, a lot of water
13. …, so I could e-mail my family and friends back home for free. (Page 3, line 29)
free 的用法
▲用作形容词，“自由的；免费的；空闲的；慷慨的”
We are free at last.
Are you free tomorrow?
All the soup here is free.
His wife is very free with her money.
他妻子花钱总是大手大脚的.
用作动词，“使。。。自由；解放；免除；清除”
他们把鸟从笼子里放出来了。
They freed the birds from the cage.
拓展。深化
be free to do sth 随意做某事
for free = free of charge 免费的
free from 摆脱(不好的东西), 无…的
You are free to do as you wish.
你想怎么做都可以.
They let me have these books for free.
他们免费让我拥有那些书.
You may park here free of charge after 6 p.m.
下午六点以前你可以免费在这儿停车.
My father is a man free from prejudice.
我父亲是一个没有偏见的人.
freedom n. 自由
freely adv. 率直地
对应练习
1. They claim to ____ the country _____ its enormous debt.
A. free; from B. get; from C. rob; of D. take away; from
2. ----Does the ticket cost you a lot of money?
----No, it is ________ .
A. costly B. expensive C. high D. free
3. It will be repaired ______ if it goes wrong.
A. freely B. free of charge C. free from charge D. with freedom
14．as well as 的用法
as well as 强调的是它之前的部分，它连接并列主语时，谓语动词跟前面的名词保持一致。 它还有“和。。。一样好”之意。
这位老师和他的学生们一样喜欢这本书。
________________________________________________
一些女孩和这个男孩一样喜欢打篮球。
___________________________________________________
对应练习
E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
[短语归纳]
1. 高中是发现,学习和勤奋工作的一段日子.
2. 看以下的图画
3. 与某人讨论
4. 正在讨论中
5. 低层楼房
6. 感到舒适
7. 使某人感到舒适
8. 放松一下
9. 轻而易举的
10. 减轻疼痛
11. 一次非常愉悦和激动的经历
12. 对…感到满意
13. 起床
14. 比平常
15. 参加集会
16. 学校规则
17. 赢得尊重的最好方式
18. 取得高分
19. 听起来像
20. 班主任
21. 平均规模
22. 平均
23. 搬到不同的教室听不同的课
24. 过去常常做某事
25. 有点挑战性
26. 有很大的提高
27. 在午餐时间
28. 免费地
29. 额外的一节法语课
30. 在学期末
31. 放弃一些学科
32. 正餐
33. 体验不同的生活方式
34. 逐词地
35. 网上冲浪
36. 有机会做某事
37. 向某人自我介绍
38. 准备做某事