汕头市六都中学 陈秀君
Teaching aim:
Knowledge aim: reading skills,
Ability aim: how to find out the main idea of the text.
Learn some ways of reading
Teaching Aids: teaching material, blackboard Multi-media computer; OHP(overhead projector); ; software:
Teaching procedure:
Step 1 leading-in
Make a survey
Some people say that it is very difficult to get the main idea. Do you agree with them?
Step2 sum up
顺读法:：先文后题, 适用于文章短,题目多。
倒读法： 先题后文，适用于文章长，题目少。
跳读法： “冲浪式”阅读，粗略浏览文章。 适用于“图表类、广告类”。
（一）主旨大意类
A 、题目设置：含main idea, topic, title, headline等字眼.
1）The main/general/central/idea of the message is___.
2) which of the following statements can summarize/sum up/express
主题型 the main idea of the passage?
3) The passage mainly discuss____.
Is mainly about____.
is concerned primarily about____.
4)The best title/headline for the passage might be___.
5) Which of the following titles
标题型 best summarize the main idea of the passage?
6)What is the best title/headline of the article?
1
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
2
Often no one looks more guilty than innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to tryto judge a person only by his appearance
3
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.
The paragraph could be entitled _________.
A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method
C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale
4
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
【例题】 Passage B(NMET2003)
Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).
The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.
Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.
59. What is mainly discussed in the text?
A. Children’s reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs.
C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.
【例题】
Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with fiveships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the
world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?
A. Magellan’s deathB. Going Around The World
C. The World Is Round D. Magellan’s Voyage
(二)词义猜测题
猜词技巧：
1、根据上下语境或指代关系猜测。
2、利用同义（近义）词猜测，常见引出同义词的标志语有or, like, similarly等。
3、利用定义解释或同位结构猜测语义，常用to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely等。
4、利用转折或对比关系猜测，常用的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, otherwise, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等.
5、根据构词法猜测词义，如常见的表否定的前缀有un-, mis-, dis-, im/in-, non-, 另外，re-（再，重复）, under-（下）, mini-（小）, en- （使）, com/con-（共同）, fore-（前、预先）, -ly, -ness, -sion, -y, -tion, -ment, -less等；
6、通过因果关系来推测语义，通常由because, so that, so/such...that等词汇及结构来体现。
7、根据限定结构猜测语义
8、根据常识猜测语义
考题1：Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious_________.
考题2：A calender is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.
The underlined word “calender” means______。
考题3：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.
The underlined word “gregarious” means ______(A.健谈的，B.开朗的，C.善交际的)
考题4：He laughed and shrugged,” I have no choice “, he said,” I must bow to the unavoidable.”
The underlined “unavoidable” stands for___
考题5：It rained, so the football match was postponed.
The underlined word “postponed” refers to______.
A . telephoned; B. reported; C. put off
考题6：She had a lesion on her arm that would not stop bleeding.
The underlined word “lesion” means_____.
A.孔 B.伤口 C.伤疤
考题7：The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the king’s baker（面包师） in pudding Lace. The baker , with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof.
The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means____.
A. home B. children C. wife and children D. wife and
（三）判断、推理题
(A) 题目设置
推理隐含类：题干中常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, be likely to 等词语。
① It can be inferred from the text that _____./ We may infer that_________.
②From the text we know that …is most likely____.
③When the writer talks about…, what the writer really means is ________.
④The writer suggests that_________.
⑤The story implies that_________.
⑥We can infer/conclude from the passage that_________.
推断作者的观点或意图，或推断结局， 下一步的行为等；
（1）The writer’s attitude toward…is___.
(2)The writer thought that______.
(3)According to the author____.
技巧点拔：忠实原文，立足文章的事实和线索，注意作者在文中的措辞风格、语气来判断作者隐藏在字里行间的思想感情和观点态度，即作者喜欢什么、讨厌什么、赞扬什么、反对什么等。只有顺着文章的思路，推理、挖掘文章的内容含义。
小技巧：不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。
1)不选事实细节选项2)不选非事实选项3)选概括性/哲理性的选项
切忌：片面思考、选择表层信息答案，以自己的看法或观点代替作者的观点看法，或者把社会普遍的一种倾向附加于作者身上。
答题误区：容易选文段中直接表达的信息选项或片面的结论选项，易误选吻合自己看法的选项。
【例题】
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?"
“Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B it a pleasure to make friends with he
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much
Step3 summary (2m)
综合评价意见
本课主要给学生介绍有关阅读理解一些相关知识和猜词技巧，帮助学生掌握如何抓住文章主题句，如何做好推理，判断题，克服畏怯心里。让学生掌握本课难点，突破疑点，有的放矢迎战高考。
陈秀君老师在教学过程中谈笑风生，时常与学生开展对话讨论，表现了良好的师生关系，表现了她良好的教学组织能力和灵活机智。
本课主要亮点：本课设计独特，独具匠心，使得本课难点解决，疑点突破。执教者能结合新课标理念、结合高考要求、结合学生实际水平，传统教学手段和现代多媒体教学手段相结合，恰当合理呈现本课内容。