Unit 1 Women of achievement
Ｉ．单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals
1．to talk about some women of great achievement, their experiences, and their special qualities.
2．to practise describing people Describe people from their life, personality and character
3．Revision of Word-formation: noun suffix
4． Revision of Subject-verb agreement
II． 目标语言
功 能句 式 Describing people
What does she look like? What do you think about ...?
Why do you admire her? How would you describe her?
Why did she choose to ...? What are her strengths?
What are her weaknesses? How do her friends describe her ?
词
汇 1. 四会词汇
achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, specialist, behave, behavior, worthwhile, nest, observe, observation, respect, argue, entertainment, inspire, support, communication, strike, upon, article, explain, rate, medical, kindness, consideration, deliver, modest, considerate
2. 认读词汇
Elizabeth Fry, Quaker, Nobel Peace Prize, China Welfare Institute, Jane Goodall, chimp, Jody Williams, landmine, Joan of Arc, Gombe National Park, specialize, career, determination, personality
3. 词组
devote ... to, look down upon/on, care for, deliver a baby, chosen career, be busy in doing sth, catch one’s eye, cut the death rate down, keep the baby clean and healthy, be intended for, carry on
语
法 Word formation: Noun Suffix
Subject-verb agreement
1. Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest.
2. Our group includes six boys and five girls.
3. Nobody before has fully understood chimp behavior.
重 点 句 子 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2
2. Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2
3. But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2
4．It struck me like lightning how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s.
难
句 1. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. P2
2. For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. P2
3. ... it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s. P6
4. But it was not her success at university that had made her famous.
Teaching key points and difficult points:
1. To revise something about great women.
2. To review the use of the Subject-verb agreement.
3. To master some words and expressions.
Teaching plans: 4 periods
第一课时：话题词汇及及开展同类文章的课外阅读，进一步提升这一类文章的阅读技能。
第二、三课时：单元词汇及重点实用句型
第四课时：课堂检测及单元语法
Part 1 Vocabulary for the topic
Step 1 Revision
How many words can you remember for one’s quality?(供参考)
ambitious 有雄心壮志的 considerate 体贴的 cooperative 有合作精神的
creative 富创造力的 devoted 有献身精神的 energetic 精力充沛的
dependable/ reliable可靠的/可信赖的 enthusiastic 充满热情的
well-educated 受过良好教育的 hard-working 勤劳 humorous 幽默的 independent 有主见的 knowledgeable 有见识的 loyal 忠心耿耿的
just 正直的 learned 精通某门学问的 painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 qualified 合格sincere 真诚的 strong-willed 意志坚强的
sweet-tempered 性情温和的 tireless 孜孜不倦的outstanding 杰出的
Step 2 Warming up
Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of England, was Britain’s first female prime minister, and first British prime minister in the twentieth（twenty） century to win three consecutive terms. A lawyer Margaret first entered Parliament in 1958, eventually serving (serve) in a variety of ministerial posts. In 1974 she was elected (seclect) leader of the Conservative Party, and brought her party to victory in 1979. Espousing（supporting） conservative ideals of based on free enterprise, she advocated public spending cuts, limited money supply, and raised interest rates. Her privatization programs led to union opposition, labor unrest, and high unemployment rates. She earned the nickname “The Iron Lady” because of her hard line against the USSR over their invasion of Afghanistan(阿富汗), and because when Argentina challenged Britain’s right to the Falkland Islands, she went to war. In 1990 she resigned her prime minister, although she stayed in Parlisment until 1992.
Step 3 Discussion
1. Do you think women are as important and equal as men? Why?
(Yes, I think so.) Men and women are born equal, also women are as important as men. All the time, women have been working very hard for their equal rights. And now they are playing a more and more important role in the society. As a Chinese saying goes, “Women can hold up half of the sky”. However, things are not always going on well. For example, British women are increasingly taking managerial roles but are still being paid less than men, according to a survey published on the Internet, while another said working mothers felt overworked and undervalued.
2. What kind of a woman do you think is a great one?
As great women, they don't care for themselves at all, and at some point or rather, they must give some sacrifices, just like Lin Qiaozhi, she devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead, she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered to their mothers. Not all people can do this. Once they have chosen their careers, they would carry on with them without any withdrawal(撤退). /they will devote all their lives to the work or experiment they are interested in. Though they may suffer a lot, they will never lose heart. What they did is encouraging thousands of people to continue their careers. Those who are only famous but not great can't be matched.
In a word, determination, devotion, unselfishness and love for others may be what great women have in common.
3. Is it easier or more difficult for a woman to be successful? Why?
I think it’s more difficult for women to be successful because women are treated to be weaker than men both physically and mentally. In modern times, many families in the countryside prefer boys to girls. Women are still looked down upon. As a result, women’s education is not paid enough attention to, which makes them have more difficulties on their way to achieve their dreams. What’s worse, women are often allowed to behave as they like. They often limit their lives and roles at home because since a long time ago the kitchen has been the place which belongs to women whose duty seems to focus on their housework, only to look after husband and children.
As a matter of fact, women are as clever as men. What’s more, women are more diligent and tolerant. Take Jane Goodall for example, she spent forty years helping change the people’s attitude towards animals and achieved everything she wanted to do. So I believe that women are sure to make a great difference as long as they keep trying.
Step 3 NMET- linking
高考阅读理解 07重庆C、07山东 C、06（附加高考完型填空实战演练）
Part 2 Reading
Step1 Practice
Ⅰ. 按要求写单词巩固练习：(活学活用名家)
1. 注意，观察 v. observe n. observation observer
2. 尊重，敬重 v. respect a. respectful respectable
3. 考虑，细想 v. consider n. consideration
(show / give consideration to sb./sth. 体谅/考虑某人（某事）
a. considerable considerate
4. 组织 v. organize n. organization organizer
5. 行为，举止 v. behave n. behaviour
II. 重点词组 （见 《名家指路》P112 ）
Step 2 词语辨析
1. condition, state, situation,
You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
They were silent a long time, in a state of painful hesitating and doubt.
他们处于一种痛苦的踌躇与疑虑状态中，长时间的相对无语。
The present situation calls for entirely new measures.
I’ve had no exercise for ages; I’m really out of condition.
1) situation “形势，状况，事态”，较狭义指某一时间由各种情况造成的“处境、形势”
2）state指人和事物所处的“状况，状态”（= condition ）, 此外，还表示思想、情感、心理等状态。
3) condition 指条件、情况、状况, 其单数指人或物所处的状况； 还常着重于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况。物的完好程度，设备的可用性等，其复数指一般，笼统的情况。
2. argue, quarrel, discuss, debate
Have you discussed when you will start the project?
They were quarrelling with each other about whose trrn it was to cook the dinner.
The subject was hotly debated last year.
He argued that this experiment could be done in another way.
1) argue 重在就自己的看法、立场提出论证说理，以説服他人。
2) quarrel 重在为琐事而进行的争吵
3) discuss 重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有説服对方的成分。
4) debate 重在正式场合，和意见对立的一方进行全面、彻底的辩论，重在各述理由，双方交锋。
3. inspire，encourage
He encouraged me to apply for the job.
This poet was inspired by natural scenery and wrote many great poems.
encourage用作“鼓励、激励”时，相当inspire；但encourage时普通用语，重在信心鼓励；而inspire较正式，重在行动和启发灵感。
4. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.
It took me ten mintes to go to the post office.
You’ll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.
It cost him ten years of work.
He spent much money in buying a new car.
1) spend 主语时“人”，宾语可是钱、精力或时间等，常是spend … on sth. , spend … (in) doing sth. ，不可以带不定式。
2) cost, 主语时物或事，表示“费用，耗费”，后接life, money, health, time 等，着重于“花费”的代价。
It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship.
（注意：cost 后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work等。）
3) take, 表示“花费”时，其主语一般时“事”，有时主语可时人，说明事情完成”花费了…”
Going to the post office took me ten minutes.
The productor took two years to make the film.
( take … to do侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend … doing sth. 有时并不说明动作的完成。)
4) pay (sb money) for的宾语是“物，事”，for 表示支付的原因。
Step 3 Important sentences
1.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
2. It struck me like lightning how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s.
3. This means going back to a place where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before.
4. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
5. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies….
6. But it was not her success at university that made her famous.
重点句子拓展：
1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our….. 今天我们的第一件事是......
动名词作主语, 主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，谓语动词采用单数。
Working with you（与你一起工作） is pleasant. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2. 第一个it 在此处作为形式主语, 真正的主语为how引导的从句。 第二个it代替动词不定式for a woman to get a medical training。当真实主语由动词不定式、动名词或从句表示时，常用it作形式主语。
It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
每天做些运动对我们来说是很有必要的。
3. 由定语从句修饰的place做go的宾语, leave +宾语+doing/adj. 让…保持某种状态或做某事 eg. His illness has left him weak. 他的病使他身体很弱。
They went off and left me sitting there all by myself.
他们离开了，留下我独自坐在那里。
5. It was a small book explaining…
a. explaining为-ing形式作定语，修饰book。-ing形式作定语常表示与谓语动词同时的行为，相当于谓语动词为进行时或一般时的定语从句，有时也可以表示一个与谓语不同时的行为。例如：
Who is the man sitting (sit) in the corner? 坐在角落；的那个人是谁？
Women caring (care) for patients in hospitals are called nurses.
医院里照料病人的妇女叫护士。
b. explain后接名词、代词、从句、wh-+to do作宾语。explain不能跟双宾语结构, 只能说explain sth. to sb.或explain to sb./ sth.
He explained to us how to use the computer.
Assignment
1. Finish the exercises in our reference book.( <名家指路> P114)
2. Translate the following sentences
1) 他全身心帮助艾滋病患者。He devoted all his time to helping people with AIDS.
2) 我们必须关心环境保护。
We must concern ourselves with environmental protection.
3). 他老是和妻子为如何花钱而争吵。(argue)
He is always arguing with his wife about how to spend money.
4) 努力改善这个工厂工人们的劳动条件是值得做的事。(worthwhile; condition)
It is worthwhile to improve the working conditions for the workers of this factory. (It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth. be (well) worth doing... 值得做...... be worthy of being done/to be done 值得被做)
5) 她的精神鼓舞了许多人将他们一生都奉献给自己的事业。(inspire, devote… to…;career)
Her spirit inspired many people to devote themselves to their own career.
6) 她不喜欢被人看不起。( look down upon )
She doesn’t like being looked down upon.
7) 我迫不及待地想拥有自己的电脑。 (can’t wait to do sth.; of one’s own)
I can’t wait to have a computer of my own.
Part 3 Grammar
Subject-verb agreement
主谓一致：指句子的主语与谓语动词在人称和数的方面的一致关系，该关系遵循以下原则：
1） 语法一致原则：主语的中心词和谓语动词在单，复数形式上的一致
a. 以kind, type, pair, piece等与of构成的短语作主语时，谓语与of前面的名词保持一致
eg. Machines of this new type are made in Wuhan.
b. 主语后有as well as, but, except, other than, rather than, besides, (together)with, including, along with, like, in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语与这些词前面的主语保持一致
eg. No one but your parents was there then.
You, rather than him, are to blame.
c. 以to do, v-ing或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。(what 引导的主语从句后的谓语动词也可根据系表结构中表语名词的数来决定。)
eg. Skating in winter is great fun.
What I saw in the room was/were two chairs.
2) 就近原则：谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近动词的名词或代词。
a. 由not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…,…or…,not…but…等连接的并列主语，谓动通常依据就近原则。
eg. Either you or I am mad.
Neither I or you have passed the exam.
b. 在there be句型中，主语为并列成分时，谓语常与紧靠的那个部分一致。
eg. There is a book and two pens on the desk.
There are two pens and a book on the desk.
3) 意义一致原则：主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单复数意义。
a. 以“all, half, most, part, percent, some, lot of, the rest, the last, the remainder，mojority等 +of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语与of后的名词保持数的一致。
eg. The rest of money belongs to you.
The rest of the students were not interested in the poems the teacher taught.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
Three-fifths of the workers here are women.
b. 有生命的词，如cattle, police, people等做主语时，谓语动词常用复数。无生命的词，如machinery(机械），goods(商品、货物）等做主语时，谓动用单数
eg. All the machinery in this factory is made in China.
c. “the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若指某一抽象概念，则用单数。
d. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的名词做主语，谓动常用单数。
eg. Ten miles is a god distance.十英里是一个相当的路程。
e. audience, class, crowd, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主语时，如指整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中的每一个成员，谓动则用复数。
eg. The football team is being recognized.
The football team are having baths and are coming back here for tea.
另外，every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 等短 语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Eg. Each man and each woman is asked to attend.
many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。
2. 在下列情形，动词的单、复数取决于主语的意思：
用法 例句
1 N and N + 单数动词 →
表示同一人物或观点 A poet and novelist has visited our school.
一位诗人兼小说家参观了我们学校。
N and N + 复数动词 →
表示不同人物或观点 A poet and a novelist have visited our school.
一位诗人和一位小说家参观了我们学校。
2 class / family / audience... + 单数动词
→ 表示整体 His family is a big one.
他的家族是个大家族。
class / family / audience... + 复数动词 → 表示个体 His family are all well.
他的家人都很好。
3 a. The + adj. + 单数动词 →
表示“抽象概念或品质” The beautiful is the true.
美就是真。
b. The + adj.+ 复数动词 →
表示该类全体（指人） The rich are not always happy.
有钱的人未必是快乐的。
Exercises:
一， 请用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空：
1. Every boy and every girl likes(like) the film star.
2. Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film.
3. --Where are (be) my glasses?
-- There is (be) a pair of thick glasses.
4. Three fourths of the workers in the factory are(be) women.
5. She is the only one among the women writers who writes (write) stories for children.
6. Many a comrade has (have) that of opportunity.
7. Neither of us has (have) gone through regular training.
8. The last and most difficult lesson is (be) Lesson14.
9. Something_has(have) been done to end the strike.
10. The number of the students is(be) 60 and a large number of them have(have) been invited to the party.
11. A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
12. Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.
13. “News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.
14. Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all. Yesterday the family were having dinner when I called.
15. Nobody but Jane knows the secret.
16. When and where to build the new factory is not decided (decide) yet.
(由how and why, when and where引导的从句做主语时，谓动仍用单数。)
17, What I say and think are (be) none of your business. (在what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中，若从句中具有两个以上的动词，主句中谓动应用复数)
18, In that country, the rich become (become) richer and the poor poorer.
19, The useful is (be) not always the beautiful.
基础写作： 新华网北京１２月２７日电 巴基斯坦前总理、巴人民党领导人贝娜齐尔布托(Bhutto)２７日在首都伊斯兰堡邻近的拉瓦尔品第市举行的竞选集会上遇袭身亡。现就以下信息写一篇关于这位伟大女性的短文。
【写作内容】 1953年生于卡拉奇一个高级官员家庭的贝.布托在政治斗争中所表现出的勇气和信心是令人称道的。她是巴基斯坦第一位女总理。她在巴基斯坦完成早期教育后，进入哈佛大学和牛津大学深造。她曾于1988年和1993年两度出任巴基斯坦总理。不幸的是，在她的政治生涯中，她曾多次入狱和被迫流亡到其他国家， 时间长达6年之久。然而，她一直致力于从教育、卫生、社会福利等方面，使她赢得了“铁蝴蝶”的称号。
参考词汇： 巴基斯坦总理 Pakistani Prime Minister 高级官员a senior official
卡拉奇 Karachi 流亡 exile 社会福利 welfare
Born in a family of a senior official in Karachi in 1953, Bhutto, former Pakistani first female prime minister, was famous for her courage and confidence in the political struggle. After completing her early education in Pakistan, she was admitted to Havard Univesity and Oxford University for further study. She used to be elected as Pakistani Prime Minister in 1988 and 1993. Unfortunately, during her political career, she was put in prison and forced to exile to other countries for several times, which was up to 6 years. However, she devoted all herself to education, health and welfare, which earned her a nickname “The Iron Butterfly”.