Period 3-5 Intensive Reading
1. (Page18, Line2) open up 打开；开发；开始
e.g.: They opened the country up to trade. 他们开放国家，以进行贸易。
拓展
be open to 对...开放的, 易受...的
in the open 在户外，在野外
keep one’s eyes open 留心, 注意
lay open 摊开（书等）
throw open 突然打开, 大开
open fire on/upon at 向...开火
2. (Page18, Line2)There is a high/strong probability/ possibility that……
There is possibility that…很有可能/有可能
类似结构：
It is probable that… It is possible that…
e.g.: Because he works so hard, there is a high probability that he will pass the language exam.
There is little possibility of his success/ tht hw will succeed.他成功的可能性很小。
★It’s probable/possible for sb. to do sth.
It’s probable/possible that…
It’s likely that…
sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
拓展
There is no doubt that +从句/there is no doubt about sth 毫无疑问
There is no need for sb to do sth某人没必要做某事/there is no need that +从句 没必要…
It’s no use doing sth 做谋事没必要
3. (Page18, Line7) recommend /rek mend / vt. ①建议；②推荐，介绍
○1作“建议”时，+ n./ pron./ -ing/ O.C. /sb to do sth
[注意] 接that从句时用虚拟语气 （should）do。
e.g.: He recommended reading the book Gone With the Wind before seeing the film. 他建议先看《飘》这本书，然后再看电影。
He recommended buying an English-English dictionary.
The doctor recommended a good rest. She took his advice. 医生建议好好休息，她听取了他的建议。
In her e-mail, my best friend recommended that I (should) pay more attention to my health. 我最好的朋友在她的邮件里劝我多注意身体。
I recommend you to think very carefully before you make nay decision. 我建议你仔细考虑之后再做决定。
○2作“推荐，介绍”讲时，一般直接加名词作宾语。
e.g.: I asked Tom to recommend a good hotel because my classmates planned to take a trip to his city. 我让汤姆推荐个好旅馆，因为我们班同学准备到他所在的城市旅行。
【常见搭配】recommend sth. to sb. =recommend sb. sth.向某人推荐某物
e.g.: I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in chemistry. 我把这本书推荐给任何一个对化学感兴趣的人。
recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人做某事
recommend sb. as sth. 推荐某人为……
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth.=recommend that sb. (should) do sth.
4. (Page18, Line11) It be + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that +句子其他部分。当被强调部分指人且做主语时，可用who代that, 被强调的部分指人且做宾语时， 可用whom代that..
It之后的be 常用is或was, 视that之后的句子的时态而定。如果that之后的句子用的是过去的某种时态，则用was; 如果that之后的句子用的是现在的某种时态或一般将来时，则用is。有时可用must be, must have been, can’t be, may/might be 等表示推测的谓语形式。
e.g.: It was a glass that Mary broke.
It must be my book that he is reading.
It is Mary and Jack that who often help us.
5. (Page18, Line13) trial n. a test to see if sth is effective or sth is suitable 试验，试用;审问，审判，考验
相关短语
on trial 在审理中，在实验中，在测试中
go on trial 受到审判
come to trial 开庭审理
trial and error 反复试验；不断摸索
e.g.: He is on trial for murder. 他因涉嫌谋杀而受审。
The case never came to the trial.这个案件从未开庭受审。
Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error. 儿童通过反复摸索才会运用计算机程序。
6. (Page18, Line14) take place
take after（外貌）相像; 追赶
take along随身携带
take apart 拆卸，拆开
take away 拿走，带走
take back拿回，收回
take down 写下，记下；拿下，放下
take for 把...误认为 We took him for dead. 我们原以为他死了。
take in欺骗；吸收，理解
take it easy 别紧张
take one’s time不急，慢慢来
take off 起飞；脱下;成功，成名
take on 承担；呈现；雇佣
take out 拿出，取出
take over 接收，接管
take to 喜欢，开始从事
take up 拿起，举起；开始从事，着手处理；继续；占用（时间、空间）
take…by surprise使吃惊
take….for granted认为…理所当然
take for example/ instance以….为例
take…in one’s arm拥抱
take a rest/ bath / a look at
take a deep breath深吸一口气
take (an) interest in对…感兴趣
take a lesson from从…中吸取教训
take a message for ab.给…捎个信儿
take a risk/ risks 冒险
take a sip喝一小口
take a /one’s seat坐下，坐好
take…for… vt. 把……当作……,把……视为
take aside vt. 把……带到旁边
take chance碰运气
take action采取行动
take care of 照顾，照料
take charge of负责，主管
take/ have exams参加考试
take exercise做运动
take hold of抓住，握住
take …into account/ consideration把…考虑进去
take/ have medicine服药
take note/ notice of注意
take notes作笔记
take one’s time别急，慢慢来
take/ follow one’s advice采纳…的建议
take part in/ take an active part in积极参加
take pictures/ photos照相
take /have pity on sb同情…
take place发生
take pleasure in doing sth喜欢做…
take possession of拥有，占有
take power当权，执政
take office就职，上任
take pains下工夫，花力气
take pride in以…为荣
take one’s place/ seat代替
take sb/ sth seriously 认真对待…
take the place of代替，取代
take turns to do/ at doing轮流做…
take the side of支持某人（方）
take sides in站在…一边
take trouble费事
7. (Page18, Line17) to be sold as a standardized tablet
不定式的被动式作定语
在序数词或形容词的比较级、最高级后常用不定式作定语。如果不定式后动作和其逻辑主语为被动关系，则要用不定式的被动式。
e.g.: He was the only foreigner to be given such an honor.
他是唯一一个被授予这项荣誉的外国人。
He is the last to be invited to speak.
他是最后一个被邀请发言的人。
8. (Page18, Line20) not only…but also…只有连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装，如果置于句首的not only…but also…连接的是两个并列主语，不可用倒装。
e.g.: Not only does he write the words to the songs, but he also composes the music. 他不仅为这首歌作了词而且还谱了曲。
Not only is the problem very important, but also it is difficult to solve.
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
他不仅拒绝了礼品而且还严厉地批评了送礼者。
★不仅我, 他也错了。Not only I but also he is wrong.
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
我和你都喜欢音乐。
★ 此句型也可写成：not only…but…或not only…but…as well的形式，但but(also)引导的句子须用正常语序。
○3not until…
e.g.: Not until he returned did we have supper. = We didn’t have supper until he returned.
Not until 10:00 in the morning can he fall asleep. = He can’t fall asleep until 10:00 in the morning.
★如果not until引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不可倒装则是主句需倒装。
e.g.: Not until she began to speak did I realize she was my primary school teacher.
9. (Page18, Line23) risk 常见搭配
risk doing sth 冒险做某事
at the risk of 冒着…的危险
take/run a risk 冒险
take/run the risk of doing 冒…的危险
at any risk不论冒什么危险
at risk 处于危险中
10. (Page18, Line24) thin vt. 变稀，变薄，变淡，变细
adj.细的，瘦的
e.g.: Add more water to the mixture to thin it.在混合物中多加点水稀释。
War and disease are the two main causes of thinning population. 战争和疾病是人口稀少的两大原因。
形容词可以转化为动词：
slow adj.慢的 v. 减慢
narrow adj.狭窄的 v. 变窄
empty adj.空的 v. 使….变空，倒空
right adj.正确的 v. 纠正，改正
dirty adj.肮脏的 v. 使….变脏
11. (Page18, Line24)However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning in medicine, and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.
○1本句为并列句，其中第二个并列分句是一个结构复杂的复合句。“that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked” 是动词showed的宾语从句，其中又含有一个以which引导的非限制性定语从句which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked，修饰先行词stroke。carried out in the USA是过去分词短语，在这里作a study 的后置定语。
○2 burst 破裂，爆发
e.g.: Water pipes often burst in cold weather.
水管在寒冷的天气里经常破裂。
I felt I would burst with anger.
我感觉自己要气炸了。
She burst into the office without knocking.
她没有敲门就一下子冲进了办公室。
★ burst into + n. = burst out doing
burst into tears = burst out crying
burst into laughter = burst out laughing
○3 block vt. 阻塞，阻挡，使不通，妨碍
【常见搭配】 block sth. up 阻碍，堵塞
block sth. off （用障碍物）隔开
blockprevent sth. from 阻止……做……
e.g.: My nose is blocked up because of a heavy cold.
因为重感冒，我的鼻子不通气。
Police blocked off the street after the explosion.
爆炸之后警察隔离了那条街道。
There is a block of wood lying before us.
在我们面前横着一大块木头。
12. (Page18, Line26) carry out:to conduct or to put into practice
实施（计划）；履行（义务）；进行（实验）
carry on 继续做
carry off 夺去（生命）；获得（奖赏）
carry sb through 使某人度过（困难、危机等）
carry away运走, 拿走，冲去，掠走；吸引住（某人），使忘我
carry forward 使（事业等）进展
13. (Page19, Line30) by 到…程度，相差….幅度
e.g.: The carpet is short by three feet.地毯短了3英尺。
The level of the sea rose by 3 mm.海平面上升了3mm。
She is taller than me by 3cm.
★ reduce to减少到
increase to 增加到
increase by增加了
14. (Page19, Line38) note v.注意到；写下来
n. 笔记，记录，便条
e.g.: Please note down my words.请记下我的话。
Please note (that) the bill must be paid within ten days.请注意帐单必须在10天之内付清。
★ take note of 注意到，留意到
take / make notes/a note of 记笔记
compare notes with sb与某人交流
15. (Page19, Line41) try something out on 在……上试用某物
e.g.: The drug has not been tried out on humans yet.
这种药物尚未进行过人体试验。
拓展
try on试穿
try out试用，测试，试验
try one’s best to do尽力做
have a try 试一试
16. (Page19, Line44) name vt. 说出……的名字；给……取名，命名
【常见搭配】name sb. sth. 给某人取名为…….
name sb as sth任命为
name…..after…以……名字命名
in the name of 以……的名义
by the name of 名叫
call sb names 辱骂某人
call sb’s name call sb. by name 叫某人的名字
e.g.: Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden.
The child was named after his father.
那个孩子是按他父亲名字取的名。
“名叫….”的表达方式
a student by the name of Susan
a student named Susan
a student whose name is Susan
a student, Susan by name
17. (Page19, Line46)It was not until……that 是一强调结构
e.g.: It was not until midnight that I could go to sleep.
until 其他用法
e.g.: I waited until three o’clock, but he didn’t come.
He lived with his parents until he graduated from colleges.
He didn’t arrive until I returned.
They talked until dawn.
Not until 9 o’clock, did he get up. ( not until 倒装结构)
18. (Page19, Line48) purify v. 使纯净，净化，提纯
e.g.: Water is purified by passing through rock.水在穿过岩石的过程中得到净化。
Hindus purify themselves by bathing in the Ganges.
印度教徒在恒河中洗澡借以洗净他们的罪孽。
拓展
pure adj. 纯的，纯净的
purely adv. 仅仅，完全，纯粹地
e.g.: They met by pure chance.他们相遇纯属偶然。
pure gold 纯金 pure wool纯羊毛
e.g.: She took the job purely for money.她做这份工作，图的就是钱。
19. (Page19, Line48)in large/ huge/ small quantities = (in quantity) 大(少)量的
拓展
a large quantity of = large quantities of … 大量的，许多的。其后可带可数名词复数，又可带不可数名词。但a large quantity of + n.作主语时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of + n.作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
e.g.: Large quantities of CO2 are released into the air.
A large quantity of CO2 is released into the air.
e.g.: Large quantities of food ________ for the winter.
A. has stored B. has been stored
C. have stored D. have been stored
20. (Page19, Line50) mass
○1 adj.大量的，大规模的，大众的
mass communication 大量传达 mass meeting 群众大会
mass production 大量生产 the mass media 大众传播媒体
○2 n. 块，多数，大部分，大众
a mass of earth 土块
large masses of clouds 一大块一大块的云
the mass 大部分，主要部分
The mass of people in that country are Christian.
the masses 大众，民众
The masses are often the makers of history. 创造历史的往往是民众。
a mass of / masses of 多数，大量+ 【U】/【C】
e.g.: I have __________ of work to do today.
A. masses of B. a great number of
C. a good many D. a lot of
21. (Page19, Line450) due to =because of, owing to, on account of, as the result of
e.g.: The rent is due tomorrow. (应付的, 到期的)
Have they been paid the money due to them. （应得的）
His book is due to be published in October. （预定的，预期的）
The train is due in Beijing at 3 pm. （预定的，预期的）
The meeting is due to be held next week. （预定的，预期的）
The honor is due to him. (应归功于，应给的)
22. (Page19, Line55) It is (was will be) …… before…… 过了（一段时间之后）才……
e.g.: It will be many years before we meet again.
要过许多年后我们才能再次相遇。
It will be three days before she comes home.
要过三天她才会回家来。
It was ten days before he left.
过了十天他就离开了。
It was several hours before we reached the village.过了好几个小时我们才到那个村庄
拓展
It won’t be long before… 不久就会……了
It wasn’t long before… 不久就……
e.g.: It won’t be long before he comes back.不久他就会回来的。
It wasn’t long before he came to school.不久他就回到了学校。
23. (Page19, Line59) wonder drug…
○1 v.感到惊奇，惊讶，想知道
wonder about sth.感到好奇，想问，想知道
wonder后常接who/ what/ how/ if/ whether等引导的宾语从句
e.g.: Have you ever wondered why she looks so sad?
她看上去这么伤心，你感到奇怪吗？
e.g.: I was _wondering_ if you would like to come with me. 我不知道你是否愿意跟我一起去。
○2 n. 奇迹，奇观； 惊奇 wonder child神童
It’s a wonder that … 奇怪的是…
(It’s) no/ small /little wonder that …难怪…/不太奇怪
e.g.: You haven’t added oil? No wonder the car doesn’t run. 你没加油？难怪车子跑不起来。
Small wonder that he was so tired！难怪他这么累。
It’s no wonder that no one got hurt.没人受伤，真是令人惊奇。
e.g.: He hasn’t slept at all for three days. C he is tired out.
A. There is point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way