Welcome to the unit:
1. Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.
科学发展如此之快，以致于超出了我们的想像。
beyond prep. （表范围）越出（某事物）范围;超越:
（表位置）在或向（某物）的远处:
*beyond one’s power________________
*beyond praise _________________
*be beyond sb. _________________
①自行车没法修理了。____________________r.
②We can’t see anything beyond the river because of the fog.
__________________________________
③ The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is _________ description.
A. with B. in C. beyond D. on
Reading: The perfect copy
1. A recent announcement by scientists that …
announcement n. 宣告，通告
*make an announcement
announce v.宣布; 宣告; 发表
*announce sth. (to sb.)
*announce (to sb.)that
①She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience.
_____________________________________________________________
②宣布比赛什麽时候开始了吗?
_____________________________________________--
比较declare v. 正式宣布（某事）; 表明:
declare sth./that/ sb. (to be)
① declare `war (on/against sb) _____________
② declare the meeting open/closed ___________________
③ She was declared (to be) guilty. _____________
2. …has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world.
shock v [尤用於被动语态] 使（某人）震惊;
*sth. shock sb.
*sb. be shocked at/by sth./ to do
*sth. be shocking 令人震惊的
① He was quite ________ to hear the __________ news.
② 她所说的真的让我很震惊。
_________________________________/
_________________________________
n. [C] 震惊; 震骇; 惊愕; 强烈的冲击或震动
①I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground.
_______________________________________
②听说他的病很严重, 我吃了一惊.
________________________________________
3. On the other hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo…
on the one hand, on the other (hand) 一方面，另一方面
我不想去那里。 一方面因为我没时间，另一方面我没钱。
___________________________________________________________
与hand 有关的短语：
give/lend sb. a hand __________________ by hand___________
hand in hand ________________ at hand ___________
hand in ______________ hand over ... to… _________
hand out _____________ hand sth down …to __________
hand on… to sb. __________________________
point out __________
point at/to point … at
make a point _____________ to the point __________
be on the point of doing ________________
There is no point in doing ________________
off the point _________________
4. …if mankind interferes with nature in this way…
interfere v.
*interfere (in sth); ~ (between sb and sb)干涉; 介入; 干预:
*interfere with sb/sth. 干扰或妨碍某人/某事
①他工作的时候不要打搅他.
_________________________________________
②Don't interfere in matters that do not concern you!
_______________________________________
Translation:
I advise you not to interfere in his affairs.
____________________________________
交通噪音干扰了我的睡眠。
________________________________________
n. interfere vi. 干涉，干预
5. …on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.
On the way to doing sth 即将做
by the way ____________ by way of_________
in a way _______________ in the (one’s)way ____________
in this way _______________ on one’s (the ) way to…._____________
① The tree is ____ the way. We must chop it down.
② He is _____ the way to becoming a good lawyer.
③ I’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a storm might be ____ its way.
④ The work is well done ____ a way.
6. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
1) praise vt/vi/n 表扬，赞扬，表彰
praise sb for sth
in praise of 极力赞美，称赞
sing high praise for 高度赞扬
2） `breakthrough n 防线;重大的发展, 发现, 突破（尤指科学知识方面）:
a major breakthrough in cancer research _______________________
a breakthrough in negotiations _________________________
break through有重要创见; 突破
Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
_____________________________________________________________
More phrases related to break:
break up 瓦解，解散，崩溃，打碎，分开
break down （因机械﹑ 电力等故障）停止运转, 失灵；分解（改变某物的化学成分）；（身体）垮掉
break away (from sb/sth)突然逃脱, 挣脱（束缚）
break in强行闯入/break into…强行闯入某地
break out （指激烈事件）突然发生
Ex.（1）Scientists say they are beginning to _____________ in the fight against cancer.
(2) Fire __________t during the night.
(3) They decided to ___________ the partnership.
(4)Her health ____________ under the pressure of work.
(5)When he returned home, he found his house __________.
(6)The prisoner ____________ his guards.
7. His intention has never been to create copies of humans.
Intention n. [C, U]意图; 意向; 目的; 打算
*have intention of doing sth/to do/ that...有…打算
*With the intention of 有…打算
*have every intention of …一心想…
intend to do/plan to do/mean to do 打算做…
be intended/meant/designed for sb./to do sth
intentional prep.故意的， intentionally adv. 故意地
Practice:
① I came with the/every intention of staying, but now I've decided to leave.
_______________________________________________________
② 她不是要故意伤害你。
__________________________________
③ The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, though.
A. had intended B. intended C. intend D. to intend
④ Those flowers were ______ for your mother on her fiftieth birthday.
A. devoted B. produced C. intended D supplied
⑤ The street in our village ______ heavy trucks.
A. never intended for B. never intend to
C. is never intended for D. is never intending for
8. desperate 1)拚命的; 不顾一切的:绝望的，不顾一切的
2) 极需要（某事物[做某事]）be desperate for sth./ to do sth. 非常渴望
①为了救小女儿他急需钱
He was _____ _____money to save his little daughter.
②我非常想见到经理并告诉他这个好消息。
I_____ _______ _____ _______the manager and tell him the good news.
③ 当他丢了所有的钱时，他绝望了。
________________________________________
Adv. desperately 拚命; 不顾一切; 不顾死活
9.If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby tomorrow.
本句为if引导的非真实条件句，叙述与将来事实相反。
if 引导的非真实条件句
（1） 叙述与现在事实相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 从句用：v-ed/were
（2） 叙述与过去事实相反，主句用：would/should/could/might have done, if 从句用：had done
（3） 叙述与将来事实相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 从句用：v-ed/should do/were to do.
①If I ____ (have)time, I would _____ (go) to see her next week.
②He would _______(pass) the test if he _______(listen)to the teacher attentively.
③If you _____(tell) me earlier, I would _____(know) the news now.
★注意:（1）条件句中有were, had, should时，可把if省略，而把were, had, should 放在主语前，用倒装结构。
（2）有时，主句与从句的动作发生时间不一致，主句的动词和从句的动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
④ ______ the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation.
A. Would B. Should C. Might D. Could
⑤What could have happened _____ , as far as the river bank.
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C.had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
⑥If you were to do it, the result _____ different.
⑦Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B said C might say D. might have said
10.Some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.
deliver v. (1)助产; 接生
(2) 递送, 传送（信件﹑ 包裹﹑ 货物等）
(3)授（课）; 讲（话）
deliver a baby –be delivered of 生下孩子
deliver a message 带话，传话
deliver a speech at a meeting 在会上讲话
deliver sth (over) to sb. 把…交付给某人
①Her baby was delivered by her own doctor.
____________________________________
②你把我的信息传给我父亲了吗?
_________________________________________
③她生了一个健康的男婴。
_________________________________________
11. … research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
benefit *vt. benefit sb. 使（某人[某事物]）受益;
*vi benefit from/by sth从…得益 .
* n. 利益，好处 for the benefit of sb.=for sb.’s benefit 为了某人的利益
be of benefit 大有好处
*beneficial adj. 有好处的，有帮助的
be beneficial to sb./sth.
①These facilities have benefited the whole town.
_________________________________
②新规章将使所有相关人员受益。
The new rules will be_____ ______ ______ everyone. / _________ _______.
③他虽有体验却无长进.
He hasn’t_______ _______ his previous experience.
④别为我费功夫。
___________________________________________
12. … or even a superman race that could one day end up replacing us.
end up 以…告终
△end up + adj/doing/prep/
①最终他不得不向父亲道歉。
At last, he had to______ ______ _______ to his father.
②如果他继续这样开车，总有一天会送命的。
If he carries on driving like this, he’ll _____ ______ ______.
③If you go on like this, you’ll _______________.
end in sth 以…结尾，以…告终
come to an end 告终，结束
bring sth to an end 使…结束
from beginning to end 从头到尾
13. comment n&v. 评论，注释, 解释;
Comment on/upon
make/ have comment(s) on/upon
①对于这本书他作了若干评论。
__________________________________
②This is the first draft of the book, please feel perfectly free to comment on it.
______________________________________________________________
14.I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic.
advance n. 前进，进步；改进，改善
vt/vi.(使)前进，(使)进步，（使）增进
in advance 预先，事先
pay in advance ___________
stop the enemy’s advance _______________
recent advances in medical science _____________________
① Our troops have advanced two miles. ________________________________
② 本世纪文明有所进步吗? _________________________________________
advanced adj. 先进的，高等的
advanced workers 先进工作者
advanced maths 高等数学
Other phrases in Reading
1. make an announcement recently 最近宣布
2. cause/contribute to/lead to/ result in much anxiety 导致/引起焦虑
3. on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
4. point out one’s fault 指出某人的过错
5. interfere with nature 干涉自然
6. on one’s way to doing 离…不远了
7. the first mammal to be cloned 将被克隆的第一例哺乳动物
8. at a much younger age
9. in general=generally
10. scientific breakthrough 科学突破
11. concentrate/focus efforts on 集中在…上_
12. with the intention of destroying them 带着摧毁它们的企图
13. show no respect for .对…表示不敬
14. cause a lot of anxiety 引起很多不安
15. be desperate to do 拼命要做
16. push ahead with the significant policy
17. be genetically related to…一般与…有关
18. push ahead with 推进
19. deliver a baby 接生(一个孩子)
20. benefit mankind 造福人类
21. be faced with a desperate situation 面临绝境
22. deliver supplies to flooded villagers 为受灾的村民们递送供给物
23. succeed in dealing with the consequences成功地处理了这些结果
24. benefit mankind enormously
25. be totally immoral to do…是绝对不道德的
26. end up replacing …最终替代了…
27. be delighted to do 很高兴做…
28. use up Earth’s resources 耗尽地球资源
29. comment on/make comment on 评论
30. in complete agreement with 与…完全一致
31. challenge questions of morality for centuries 质疑道德问题好多世纪
32. on a personal note 就个人而言
33. die of heart failure 死于心脏衰竭
34. have no concept of cloning 对克隆一无所知
35. have no right to go against nature 无权违背自然
36. put … in place 把…放置好
37. take away his license 没收他的执照
38. declare cloning humans illegal 宣布克隆人类违法
Word Power
1. It’s uncertain whether they’ll ever succeed totally.
Whether 为_______从句，it 为形式主语。
be uncertain of/about//wh- to do 从句
sb. be certain / sure about/of sth/that…
sb. be certain /sure to do 某人一定会做
It’s certain/uncertain that… 确信/不确信
( ) Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ______ if a mirror is broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to strike D. was sure to struck
( ) Wait till you are more _____. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied
( ) –Have you heard that Susan has been appointed Director of the English Department?
--After working so hard for so many years, ____.
A. she surely welcomes it. B. she certainly deserves it
C. she is welcome to it D. it’s a good news.
2. be made up of 由…组成
make up 组成，构成，化妆
be made of/from 由…制成
be made into 被制成（成品）
make the most of 充分利用=make the best of/make full use of
make up for…弥补（the lost time）
( ) 1. The good service at the hotel _____ the poor food to some extent.
A. got rid of B. got on with
C. made up for D. made up of
( ) 2. It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly ____ rice and vegetables. Do you like the one ____
A. consisting of; made of B. made up for; consisting of
C. made from, made of D. consisting in, consisting of
Phrases:
be opposed to +n/doing 反对
fight a hopeless battle against…
advanced technology
compare one’s body to one’s school life
A be similar to B in sth
newly found knowledge
security guards
Grammar and Task
1.figure sb/sth out 理解某人[某事物]; 弄明白，计算出
①I can’t figure out how to do this. ___________________________________
②旅行要花多少钱你算出来了吗？
___________________________________________
figure on (sb./sth) doing 计划，预料到
n. 数字，图表，画像，身材, 体态
have a head for figures________________
have a good figure___________________
2. judgement n. pass /give judgement on sb. 对某人判决
Judge v.. He will act as a judge at the singing competition._________________________
v. 判断，认为，估计，断定
He was judged to be guilty. ________________________
We judge it no use trying again. _____________________________
Judge by/ from -- 根据---来判断
不要以貌取人_____________________________________________
Judging from/by her dress, she may be an actress.
3. involve vt 包括, 包含, 牵涉, 牵连（某人[某事物]）
involve sb/sth in (doing) sth (1)使某人[某事物]参与某活动或陷入某情况
(2)使某人[某事物]陷入（困境）
Sb. be involved in sth 某人热衷于…专心于，参与…
①Don't involve me in solving your problems!
____________________________________
② 他参与了一场激烈的争论。
_______________________________________
③她专心于解答一道难题。
________________________________________
④_________in his work, he didn’t notice the time.
A. Involving B. Having involved
C. Involved D. Being involved
4.behave vt 举动，表现； behavior n. 举止，行为
behave well /badly (towards sb)（ 对某人）表现好/不好
Do behave! 规矩点！
behave oneself （某人）规矩点，老实点
①父亲让这个调皮的孩子在客人面前规矩点。
___________________________________________________
②聚会上他表现很好。_______________________________
5. majority n. 多数，多半
a/ the majority of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式
可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式
the majority 作主语，谓语动词单数/复数均可
in a /the majority 占大多数
①多数人赞成这个计划。_________________________________
②The proposal was passed by a majority of 66. ______________________________
( )③Don’t worry about the situation in the world. ______ of people prefer peace to war.
A. The most B. The great part C. The majority D. The number
( ) ④ She was elected by _____ majority of 35 ____ other candidates.
A. /, over B. a, to C. a, over D. /, to
6. conclude vi&vt 总结，下结论，结束
conclusion n. 结论
*conclude st with sth 以…结束某事
*conclude sth with sb. 跟某人达成…
*to conclude / in conclusion （插入语）最后
*bring sth to conclusion = bring sth to an end
*draw/ come to/ reach a conclusion that… 得出结论
①The meeting concluded at 8 o’clock. ___________________
②他匆忙结束了他的演讲
He________________________in a hurry.
③He ___________ that the plan was not workable.
His ___________ is that the plan was not workable.
He _____ ______ _______that the plan was not workable.
6. urge vt 催促，力劝；强烈要求，主张
urgent prep. 紧急的，紧迫的
urge sb. to do sth / urge sb into doing 力劝某人做某事
urge that sb. should do 强烈要求某人做某事
urge against 强烈反对
It is /was urged that.. (should) 有人主张…
in urgent need 急需
① The class are discussing a newspaper editorial that ____ citizens to help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.
A. ordered B. demanded C. promised D. urged
②Teachers urged us that we _____ our heart into our study.
A. put B. would put C. will put D. putting
③她强烈主张通过保护野生动物的法律。
He ______ that law to protect wild animals ___________.
7. seek vt. 征求，寻求；探索，探寻(sought-sought)
seek after /for sth 寻找，追求
seek sth from sb 向某人寻求某事
seek help/ advice /information 请求帮助/征求意见/寻求信息
seek one’s fortune 碰运气，寻求致富/成功之道
seek sb./sth. out 找出或找到某人/某物
① He spent many years _________ his fortune in Shanghai
② He tried every means to ______________ the princess.
③ 如果你有问题，可以请他帮忙。
______________________________________________
8. advocate v 拥护; 提倡; 支持 n. 支持者, 拥护者,提倡者 advocate sth/doing/
①He advocates reducing military spending. _______________________
②你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗
______________________________________
an advocate of environmental preservation
____________________________________
9. alternative n 可供选择的办法或事物，adj. 可供选择的
*have no alternative but do=have no choice but to do
①You have the alternative of marrying or remaining single.
________________________________________________
②他被当场抓住, 除了招供别无出路.
Caught in the act, he _________________________.
③你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。
You ______________________ or walking.
10．resistant adj. 抵抗的; 对抗的; 抗拒的; 有阻力的
be resistant to sth. (pests, reforms, viruses…)
与其它词连用，构成复合形容词
Water-/heat-/rust-resistant 防水/隔热/防锈
resist v. 抵抗; 对抗 ;不受（某事物）的损害或影响; 抗; 耐
resist an attack/an enemy/arrest_________________
resist the temptation of 抵制…诱惑
Other phrases:
an the field of science 在科学领域
a challenging profession 具有挑战的职业
figure out all the mysteries 弄明白所有的难解之谜
have/ make a breakthrough 取得突破
be cautious of/ about …谨慎，小心
look the same as 看上去和…一样
on one’s part 就某人而言
recent advances in …在…方面的新进展
get/ be bored with/ be tired of 对…厌倦
be burnt out 累垮
natural food 天然食品
thoughts on the topic 对话题的看法
in reply to 对… 答复
in response to 对…回答/响应
be totally immoral 完全不道德
follow in one’s footsteps 步…后尘，效法某人
conduct a survey 开展调查
to conclude 最后
seek the opinions of sb. 征求某人的意见
have a longer shelf life 保质期更长
concerns over the safety of GM food 对转基因食品的关注
make crops resistant to pests 使作物抗虫害
be limited to increasing production profits 局限于越来越多的生产利润
be proved safe 证明安全的
Project Having a debate
1. We further damage Earth by constructing new water channels for shipping…
construct vt. 建筑, 建造（某物）; 构成; 形成
construction n.施工; 建设; 建造物;构造物;
constructive adj.有建设性的，有帮助的
under construction 正在修建
①They are planning to construct a bridge over the river.
_____________________________________________
②新铁路正在建造中。
_____________________________________________
3. Would anyone say that economic development should be stopped in favor of nature?
in favor of 支持， 赞同
in one’s favor=to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利
favor n. 恩惠，善意，支持；赞同，好感，
vt. 对…表示好感，支持，赞同，偏爱
ask a favor of sb. _________________________
do sb a favor =do a favor for sb=give sb a hand
win one’s favour ________________________
( ) ①Will you do me _____ to translate this sentence into English?
A. the favor B. a favor C. a help D. a hand
②两院一致投票赞成这项决定
Both Houses voted unanimously __________________________
③Fortune favors the brave._______________________________
4. Other people argue that such thinking may spell disaster…
argue with sb about/ over sth _____________________
argue for/ against sth __________________________
argue that…主张
argue sb. into/ out of doing sth _________________
spell vt. pt, pp spelled-spelled or spelt-spelt
(a)（用字母）拼（某字）; 拼写;正确地拼（字）
(b) 招致（某事物）; 意味着
①How do you spell your name? _______
②The failure of their crops spelt disaster for farmers.
__________________________________________
n. [c] 咒语; 咒; 符咒
5. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast rate.
rate n. 比率; 率, 速度; 进度, 价格，费用；
the rate of finished products 成品率
be sold at a high rate 以高价出售
postal rates 邮费
① He works at a high rate. __________________________
② He is walking at a ___ of 4 kilometers an hour.
A. distance B. rate C. road D. difference
③火车正以每小时80公里的速度前进。
____________________________________________
6. Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when they damage the environment.
Turn out 结果证明
Sb./sth. turn out (to be) + adj./ n =It turns/turned out that…
① If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.
_____________________________________________________
② The rumor turned out to be true.
→It turned out that the rumor was true.
turn over __________________ turn into __________
turn down __________________ turn up ________________________
turn to_____________________ turn against ___________________
turn round/around _____________ turn away ____________________
turn n. 转变，变化，轮流，轮班
by turns __________________ in turn ___________________
It’s one’s turn to do sth _________________________
take turns to do _____________________
Practice:
③ The performance supposed to be popular ____ to be a great disappointment after it was over.
A. turned up B. turned down C. turned out D. turned over
④ None of us expected the chairman to ____ at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.
A. turn in B. turn over C. turn up D. turn down
⑤When he was in trouble, there was no one that he could ____
A. ask for B. refer to C. turn to D. look for
⑥ The weather report says it will _____ cold tomorrow.
A. turn up B. turn out C. turn on D. turn in
⑦A cold wind began to blow and he _____ his collar to keep out the cold.
A. turned down B. turned off C. turned over D. turned up
⑧-Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else ____, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
⑨If you miss your ____, you’ll have to wait another round.
A. turn B. chance C. luck D opportunity
7. He must have been working too hard to notice.
must用于对现在或过去的情况进行推测，语气比较强烈，也可用may/might替代。其在否
定句和疑问句中的替代词是can.
be + n./adj. 或do You must like beer very much, _________ ?
（一般现在时） You must be tired, _________ ?
You wear a pair of glasses, you must be a student, ______?
must be doing
（现在） （现在进行时） The light in the office is still on, Mr. Xu must be preparing
lessons, ________ ?
have done Tom is watching TV, and he must have finished homework,
（现在完成时） ___________?
have been +n/adj. You must have been very tired then after such a long trip,
_______ ?
或have done The ground is wet, it must have rained last night, ____ _?
（一般过去时）
must have been doing -I tried to call you at 8:00 last night, but I couldn’t get
through.
（过去） （过去进行时） -Oh, someone must have been using the telephone.
have done -When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
（过去完成时， -I suppose it must have begun 30 minutes before,_______ ?
同一般过去时）
① He _ the meeting yesterday afternoon, as he was at home looking after his sick child.
A. mustn’t have attended B. couldn’t have attended
C. shouldn’t have attended D. needn’t have attended
② How ______he have finished such heavy work within one day?
A. must B. should C. could D. need
Phrases in the project
overdevelop Earth’s resources 过度开发地球资源
construct new water channels 建造新的水渠
in this way 这样，以这种方式
be good for sb. 对某人有好处
in favor of nature 赞成支持自然
from the point of view of sb. =from sb’s point of view 在某人看来
meet/satisfy one’s needs/ demands/ requirements 满足某人的需求
meet the everyday needs of sb. 满足某人的日常需求
spell disaster 遭致灾难
in our relationship with nature 我们与自然的关系
at a fast rate 快速
be blamed for sth/ doing 应…而受指责
hundreds of thousands of 几十万，无数
without the environment around them suffering 他们周围的环境不遭殃
a question of humans winning and nature losing 人类获胜自然失败的问题
It’s mankind’s responsibility to find solutions…找到…解决方案是人类的责任
leave a lasting impression 留下持久的印象
Sb come up with sth某人想到某主意---sth come up