高一英语导学提纲
M4U1 Advertising Grammar直接引语和间接引语
课前导学
一、阅读课本P8的内容，完成P9的文章。
二、阅读课本P10的内容，完成P11Part A and Part B。
三、直接引语和间接引语的简要介绍
（一）定义
引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。
He said, “I will choose a book for my students.”
他说：“我将为学生选一本书。”
He said that he would choose a book for his student.
他说他将为学生选一本书。
（二）间接引语的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。
质疑讨论
请提出预习中存在的问题。
拓展延伸
看下面的讲解，思考并完成下面的填空。
（一） 间接引语中的词语变化
1. 标点符号的变化：
He said to me, “Don’t buy it!” = He told me not to buy it.
2. 语序的变化： 疑问语序变为陈述语序。
He said to me, “Do you live in London?”
= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.
3. 动词的变化： say (to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。
He said to me, “Could you please live in London?”
= He asked me if/whether I could live in London.= He asked me to live in London.
4.时态的变化
(1) 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。
(2) 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化：
一般现在时 一般将来时
现在完成时 现在进行时
一般过去时
(3)但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变。
(4)表示过去具体年份的状语不变
(5)表示真理，格言，谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变。
(6) 强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。
She said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交车尚未开走)
(7)情态动词也要变成相应的过去时：
can→could； may→might； must→had to
5. 人称代词的变化
歌诀巧记人称变化：
人称变更怎么办？ “一主(1)、二宾(2)、三不变”(3)
若是自引自的话， 听者不变称不变。
(1)“一主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如： He said，“I am forty.” →He said that he was forty．
(2)“二宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如：
He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”→He asked me if I was coming the next day．
(3)“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：
He said，“Is she an English teacher？”→He asked if she was an English teacher．
注：直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复数。如：
He said，“Are you interested in it？”→He asked me/us if I was/we were interested in it．
6.一变、二换、三变化、四连词：
（1）直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：
去掉引号加if（或whether）， 陈述语序要记住;
时态、人称和状语， 小心变化别马虎。
（2）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：
直接去引号， 陈述莫忘掉;
助动do（does）、did， 一定要去掉。
（3）直接引语为祈使句变间接引语：
去掉引号要加to， asked、ordered加“告诉”（told），
直引若为否定句， not加在to前部。
7. 指示代词，地点副词，动词, 时间状语的变化
(1)指示代词的变化：
this these
(2)地点副词的变化：
here now
(3)动词的变化：
come bring
(4)时间状语的变化：
today tonight that night
yesterday /
yesterday morning the morning before
tomorrow the next day
tomorrow morning
this week/month/year
last week/month/year
next week /month/year
3 days ago
the day after tomorrow in 2 days’ time
（二）直接引语转换成间接引语的几种特殊形式
1.直接引语是祈使句
当直接引语是祈使句时，转换成间接引语时通常将祈使句改为动词不定式形式。如：
2.直接引语是表述建议、要求、同意、推测、判断的陈述句
如果直接引语是表述建议、要求、同意、推测、判断的陈述句，转换成间接引语时可以改为动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。如：
Mary said to Bob, “You’d better ask your parents for some advice.”
a. Mary advised / wished Bob to ask his parents for some advice.
b. Mary suggested Bob / Bob’s asking his parents for some advice.
c. Mary advised / suggested that Bob (should) ask his parents for some advice.
3.直接引语是表示建议、要求或征求对方意见类特殊疑问句
一般情况下，直接引语是特殊疑问句时，通常把原来的疑问词作为连接代词或连接副词来引导宾语从句。但当特殊疑问句表示建议、要求或征求对方意见时，特殊疑问句通常还可改为动词不定式、或动词的-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。如：
“Why don’t you go swimming with us this weekend?” Jim said to me.
a. Jim asked me why I didn’t go swimming with them that weekend.
b. Jim asked / advised / wished me to go swimming with them that weekend.
c. Jim suggested me / my going swimming with them that weekend.
d. Jim advised / suggested that I should go swimming with them that weekend.
4.直接引语是表示请求、建议、要求或征求意见类一般疑问句可以改为动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。如：
“Could you please turn up your radio a little?” Bruce said to John.
a. Bruce asked John if / whether he could turn up his radio a little.
b. Bruce asked / told John to turn up his radio a little.
c. Bruce suggested John turning up his radio a little.
d. Bruce suggested John (should) turn up his radio a little.
5.直接引语是祝福语
当直接引语是祝福语，转换为间接引语时，可以用say something to someone; wish someone to be / have ... 形式。如：
“Happy birthday to you, Alice!” Gary said.
a. Gary said “Happy birthday” to Alice.
b. Gary wished Alice to have a happy birthday.
6.直接引语是感叹句
当直接引语是感叹句时，可以转换为以原来的感叹词what或how所引导的宾语从句；也可以用that把原来的感叹句改为宾语从句。如：
We said: “What a clever monkey it is!”
a. We said what a clever monkey it was.
b. We said that it was a clever monkey.
迁移创新
1.He said to me, “I’ve known you since you came to this place.”
2.He said to me, “Did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last Sunday?”
3. She said, “He will come here again tonight.”
4.Tom said to Kate, “You speak English better than me.
5.Tom asked Mike, “Does she often come to school late?”
6.He said, “The earth turns around the sun.”
7.He said, “When I got to London, she had lived there for years.”
8. He said, “I will live in London next year.”
KEYS
1.He told me that he had known me since I went to that place.
2. He asked me if/whether I had gone the day before, a few days before or the Sunday before.
3. She said that he would go there again that night.
4. Tom told Kate that she spoke English better than him.
5.Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late.
6. He said that the earth turns around the sun.
7. He said that when he got to London, she had lived there for years.
8. He said that he would live in London the next year.
英语学科校本作业
班级_____ 姓名_________ 学号_____
请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。
1. “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.
________________________________________________
2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”
________________________________________________
3. “How do you like the food here?” said she.
________________________________________________
4. She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”
________________________________________________
5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.
________________________________________________
6.She said, "We have worked on the school farm for two weeks."
7.He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons."
8.They said, "We arrived this morning."
请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。
1．She said, “Are you from the south?”
She asked ________ I ________ from the south.
2. Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”
Mom ________ me ________ ________ tell a lie.
3．Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”
Susan told me that ________ ________ ________ the Red Star Farm ________ ________ ________.
4．Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
Mr Paul ________ us that light ________ faster than sound.
5．“Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.
The manager ________ him ________ ________ and post the letters.
参考答案： I.
1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail.
2. He asked me if/whether I was going home that weekend.
3. She asked how I liked the food there.
4. She told me not to ride in the street.
5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.
6 . She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks.
7. He said that he was reviewing his lessons.
8. They said that they had arrived that morning.
II. 1. if / whether; was 2. told; not to
3. they had visited; the week before 4. told; travels
5. told; to go