罗玉南
重点词语用法
1．seldom的用法
seldom['seld+m] adv. 一般放在实意动词之前，be动词之后，意为“不常；很少”。例如：
①I've seldom seen such a big apple.
我很少看到这么大的苹果。
②They seldom go out for dinner. 他们不常到外面用晚餐。
③She seldom,鷌f ever,鷕eads a book. 她很少读书。
④He seldom goes to see the film,鷇oes he?
他很少去看电影，是吗？
【注】seldom视作否定词，故上述句子都应视作否定句，若后面跟反意疑问句，应用肯定式。类似例词还有hardly,鷕arely,鷖carcely,鷑ever等。
2．matter的用法
matter['m$t+]n. 物质(与‘精神’对应)；问题，事情；事态。the matter通常指“困扰的事，麻烦的事；故障”。例如：
①It is organic matter.它是有机物。
②What kinds of matter is the earth made up of?
地球是由什么物质构成的？
③Political matters interest him greatly.
他对政治问题深感兴趣。
④Matters are different from country to country.
情形因国而异。
⑤Is anything the matter? 有什么麻烦吗？
⑥Something is the matter with the computer.
这部电脑好像有点毛博
【注意】与matter搭配使用的短语常用的有：as a matter of course(当然，当然的事)，as a matter of fact(实际上，事实上)，no matter what/which/who/where/when/how(不论什么/哪一个/谁/哪里/何时/如何)，it matters + (to+somebody)+wh-从句(意为“对某人来说……是重要的”)。例如：
①As a matter of course,鷋e was elected mayor.
他当选市长是理所当然。
②As a matter of fact,she was responsible for the accident.
实际上，她应对这次事故负责。
③No matter what happens,don't be discouraged.
无论发生什么事，都不要气馁。
④It doesn't matter to me whether she is pleased or not.
她满意与否对我来说并不重要。
3．meet
1)meet用作动词，意为“碰到，遇到”。
①I met her in the street.我在街上遇见她。
②We met each other quite by chance我们彼此相遇纯属偶然。
③I met a lot of difficulties in the work.
工作中我遇到了很多困难。
④The two teams meet next Saturday in volleyball.
下周二这两支排球队相遇。
2)meet用作动词，还表示“接(人、车等)”
①Will you meet me at the airport? 到机场接我好吗？
②I'll meet your bus。我到汽车站接你。
③The hotel bus meets all the trains.
旅馆的班车在火车站接各班车的旅客。
3)meet用作动词，还表示“接触，联结”。
①His hand met hers. 他的手碰到了她的手。
②These trousers won't meet round my waist any more.
这裤子瘦得系不上了。
4)meet还表示“支付，偿付(费用)”。
①You have to meet all the bills. 你必须偿付所有账单。
②The cost will be met by the company. 费用由公司支付。
5)meet with sb. 表示“偶遇”或“与某人会晤”。
①I was fortune to meet with my uncle at the airport.
真幸运，我在机场碰到了叔叔。
②The president meet with senior White House aides at breakfast.
早餐时总统会见了白宫的高级助手。
6)meet with sth. 表示“偶遇”或“遭受，遇到”。
①I was fortune to meet with a complete Lu Xun at the Shanghai Market.
真幸运，我在上海市场遇上了一本《鲁迅全集》。
②You will probably meet with many difficulties.你将可能遇到许多困难。
4．hopefully
有一类副词，多表示说话人的观点，常独立用于句首。主要有frankly,鷖eriously,鷓ersonally,鷏uckily,鷒bviously,鷕oughly,鷊enerally,鷘ndoutedly,鷉ortunately,鷄ctually,鷘nexpectedly等。例如：
①Fortunately,鷑o one was hurt. 幸亏没有人受伤。
②Frankly,I'm not satisfied with your work.
坦诚地说，我对你的工作不满意。
③Obviously,he needs help. 显然他需要帮助。
5．brain & brains
brain指“脑”。而brains可用来指“头脑、智力”或“智力超群的人们”。
①The brain is the centre of the nervous system.
大脑是神经系统的中枢。
②The human brain is a complex organ.人脑是个复杂的器官。
③You need brains to become a university professor.
当大学教授要有才智。
④He is one of the leading brains in the country.
他是国家知识分子精英。
⑤Some of the best brains in the country are here tonight.
今晚国内一些智囊人物都出席了。
6．declare的用法
declare为动词，意为“宣布、宣告、声明”，后接名词、代词、从句等。
①The chairman declared the result of the election.
主席宣布了选举结果。
②He declared that he had finished the work all by himself.
他声称他一个人完成了这项工作。
③Miss Alice declared that she had not done it.
艾丽丝小姐宣称她没干那件事。
④Bulgaria declared her independence in 1908.
保加利亚于1908年宣布独立。
declare后可接复合结构，用作复合结构的可有名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语。如：
①The chairman declared the meeting closed.
主席宣布会议闭幕。
②The boy declared himself a League member.
那男孩称自己是共青团员。
③They declared his story false.他们声明他的说法是虚构的。
④At the meeting,鶰r White declared against their plan.
在会上，怀特先生公开反对他们的计划。
⑤The judge declared him to be guilty.法官宣布他有罪。
⑥I declared myself for their suggestion.
我公开表示赞成他们的建议。
重要词组短语
1．prevent sb. from doing,鷖top sb. from doing与 keep sb. from doing的用法
这三个词组都意为“阻止某人做某事，妨碍某事发生”。但prevent 和stop后from可省，而keep后的不可施
①You can't stop us (from) going if we want to.
假如我们要去，你是阻止不了的。
②Nobody can prevent us (from) getting married.
没有人能阻止我们结婚。
③The church bells keep me from sleeping.
教堂的钟声吵得我睡不了觉。
2．come true的含义
come true意为“变得；成为；变为现实”。其中come用作连系动词，后跟形容词作表语。例如：
①My dream's going to come true.我的愿望就要变为现实了。
②All these things has come right in the end.
所有这一切最后都变得很好。
③When I was young,I dreamed of travelling all over the world.
我小时候就梦想去世界各地旅游。
④What they had hoped at last came true.
他们所希望的一切最后终于变为了现实。
⑤To solve these problem will come easier after a time.
过一段时间解决这些问题就比较轻松了。
3．in need of的含义
in need of意为“缺少；需要(=in want,鷖hort of,鷑ecessary for)。例如：
①A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。
②He told Dr. Bethune that the front was in great need of medical workers.
他告诉白求恩大夫，前方急需医务人员。
③China is in great need of advanced English learners.
中国急需高级英语人才。
4．even if的用法
even if意为“尽管；即使”，有退一步设想的意味，对所说的事实把握不大。例如：
①I must find the lost child,even if it is getting dark.
即使天黑了，我也要找到那个丢失的孩子。
②There is a definite number of grains of sand and a definite number of drops of water,even if you don't know what number it is.
沙粒和水滴是有一定数目的,尽管你不知道具体的数目。
5．look forward to的用法
look forward to意为“盼望；期望(=look into the future with expectation,鷅e eager for)”，其中to为介词，后面只能跟名词或动词-ing形式，不能跟动词不定式。例如：
①We are looking forward to your visit.
我们期待着你们的到来。
②We are looking forward to receiving your letter.
我们盼望着收到你的来信。
6．turn out的含义
turn out意为“生产，培养出；出来，参加；结果(是)”，“证明(是)”。例如：
①The factory turns out 500 trucks every day.
这家工厂每天生产500辆卡车。
②Our school has turned out some first-rate scholars.
我们学校培养出了一些第一流的学者。
③A lot of people turned out to meet the foreign guests.
许多人都出来迎接外国客人。
④Their marriage turned out a happy one.
结果他们的婚姻很美满。
⑤It was cloudy yesterday,鷅ut it turned out fine.
昨天多云，但后来天晴了。
⑥The experiment turned out (to be) difficult.
结果这次实验很困难。
⑦The bad thing turned out to be a good end.
这件坏事最后出现了好结局。
⑧It turned out that the herbs were very effective in treating headache.
这草药治头痛果然有效。
7．as if/ as though
as if/ as though是从属连词，意义用法相同，引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。
1)as if/though引出的方式状语从句如果是事实或可能性很大，多用直陈语气，常与look，seem，taste，smell，sound等词搭配。
①It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来要下雨。
②It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
好像那个男孩迷路了。
③He is a happy-go-lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.
他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有任何让他发愁和烦恼的事。
2)as if/though引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。
①The young man with long hair looks as if he were a woman.
这位满头长发的男青年看上去像个女的。
②He walks as if he were drunk.他走路的样子好像是喝醉了。
③Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.
童年的往事一齐涌上心头，好像是刚刚发生。
3)as if/ though引导的同一从句中时态不同，意思也往往不同。
①The boss speaks aloud as if he is angry.
老板说话声音很高，好像真的生气了。
②The boss speaks aloud as if he were angry.
老板说话声音很高，仿佛生气了。(其实没有生气)
③He looks as if he is ill.他好像病了。
④He looks as if he were ill.他好像得了博(其实没有生病)
⑤He looks as if he had been ill. 他好像过去生过病似的。
(其实没有生过病)
4)as if/though后的方式状语从句常为省略形式。
①The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg.
那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像腿部受了重伤。
②The boy is running here and there as if searching for something lost on the sports ground.
那男孩跑来跑去，好像在找丢在操场上的东西。
③He moved his lips as if to speak.
他动了动双唇，好像要说话。
④She talked to the stranger while walking,as if absent-mindedly.
她边走边应酬着那个陌生人，好像心不在焉的。
⑤He opened the room,鷄s if in search of some information.
他打开房间，好像要找什么情报。
⑥He acts as if a fool.他表现得象个傻子一样。
8．end (up) with以…结束。
①He ended his letter (up) with good wishes to the family.
在信尾他祝全家好。
②We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.
我们最后吃水果和咖啡时结束了晚餐。
③The conference ended up with the singing of the Internationale.
会议最后以高唱《国际歌》而结束。
④He ended up his speech with a funny story.
他用一个有趣的故事结束了演说。
end up可作“结束”、“告终”解释。如：
①Sooner or later,鷋e will end up in prison,鶬'm sure.
我敢说他迟早要进监狱。
②How does the story end up? 事故的结局如何？
③Though friends for years,鷗hey ended up enemies.
虽然他们是多年的朋友，但最后却成了仇敌。
常用句型结构
谈论天气的常用句型
1)在英文中见面聊天常以天气为开场白。常见的有以下一些。
①It's a bit windy today,鷌sn't it?今天有点风？是不是？
②Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.但愿明天可以转晴。
③Nice and bright this morning.今天早晨天气不错。
④Much better than yesterday.比昨天好多了。
⑤The rain will get up later. 要下雨了。
⑥As long as it doesn't wind.只要不刮风就好。
⑦Fairly cold for the time of the year.就季节来说相当冷。
⑧Quite different from the forecast.与天气预报完全不同。
⑨They say we're in for snow.他们说快下雪了。
⑩I hope it keeps fine for the weekend.我希望好天气可以维持到周末。
2)常用与天气有关的词和词组。
sunny阳光明媚的 rainy下雨的 snowy下雪的 foggy有雾的
windy刮风的 frosty有霜的 cloudy多云的
freezing cold刺骨的寒冷 freeze结冰 clear up放晴
turn out转(晴、多云等)drizzle毛毛雨鷋ail冰雹