罗玉南
unit 3
Teaching aims and demands:
1.Difficult and important points: difficulty, however, explain, stay, reason, ask---for, a great many. the same as, more or less, come about, bring in, and so on
2. Every day English: 交流和应答
Step1 Revision
Check the homework.
Step2 listen to the tape of the unit.
Step3鶰ain Language points :
1 difficulty n . [ U ]困难 /[ C] 具体的困难; 难做/懂的事鶫e always helps me whenever I have鷇ifficulties . get into difficulties鶬f you do it like that you will get into difficulties .
adj. difficult鷗here be difficulty / trouble/ a hard time( in )doing sth./ with sth.
have difficulty / trouble / problem ( in ) doing sth. 做某事有难处
have(some, great, no, little) difficulty/ trouble with sth.在某事上有难处
do sth.. without( with ) difficulty 毫不费力地做某事
eg, There was some difficulty ( in ) explaining this to the鶶wede .
Do you have any difficulty with the work ?
2 . do fiine = do well ( fine鷄dv.)
3鷋ave / take鷄n examination ( 学生) 参加考试take part in an examination (学生)参加考试
鷊ive鷄n examination (老师)考学生hold an examination举行考试
鷓ass an examination 通过考试鷉ail ( in )鷄n examination考试不及格
4鷋owever鷄d .但是;然而鷆f. but;另一方面鷆onj . 无论如何(怎样)
语序:鷋owever + adj / adv. + subject + V.
鷄鶬 felt a bit tired . However , it's probably just the weather .
鷅鶫owever rich people are , they always want more .
5鷐ore or less 表示程度,"或多或少 "; 在一定程度上= somewhat ; almost
表数量,常位于数词之后, "大约"= about鷈g.鷄鶲ur living condition has more or less improved.鷅 The trip will take ten days mor or less .
6鷖tay link.v.保持(某状态)
a鶷he weather stayed fine for three days .
b鶷he city library stays open till six o'clock .
vi.呆，停留，逗留，留下来
cf. remain vi. 留下来 link.v侧重当情况或环境发生变化却依然保持原状。
The middle-aged woman remains young and beautiful, although something unhappy happened to her.
7 come about 产生;发生 = happen/ take place/ occur ( 是不及物动词短语,无被动语态)
eg.How did the accidernt come about ? How did it come about that he left school?
It came about like this---事情是这样的
鷆ome along 过来;快点鶦ome along ! It's nearly eight o'clock .
鷆ome out 出来;出版鶫ow did the printing come out ?
鷆ome to来到;达到鶰y earnings come to 7,000 yuan a year .
鷆ome true 实现 I am sure your dream will come true one day .
鷆ome into being产生;形成 Nobody knows when this custom came into being in this area .
鷆ome back to life苏醒鶺hen the wounded came back to life , he found himself in a hospital . come up抬起头鶫e put his head under the water , but soon comes up for breath .
长出来,提上来 Soon suggestions came up at the meeting .
come across=run across/meet sb. by chance
come at 袭击， come on 赶快，加油，come from 来自，出生于
8 .the answer ( entrance , key , memorial , exist , monument , note ) to .......的答案( 入口处,钥匙,出口,纪念碑,注释)
9.the same ( ... ) as ..."同( 像)...一样的"
as作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句,并在从句中做主语,宾语和表语.
The price stays the same as before . /鶼our answer is the same as his.
This is the same material as is used in building the bridge .
10 . just as 正如;恰似后接一个表方式的状语从句.
a She loves singing just as her mother did .
b Leave every thing just as you find it .
11 英语中的" 多":
A . 修饰可数名词复数的:
many , a good / great many , a( large / great ) number of , quite a few
B 修饰不可数名词的:
鷐uch , a great deal of , a large / great鷄mount of , quite a little .
C 既修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的:
鷄 lot of , lots of , plenty of , a large quantity of , large quantities of.
cf. many a+sing. /a great many of + the / these / those +pl.
12.when&鷚hile
while A)特殊用法:
a He is rich while his young brother is poor .( 表对比, " 而")
b While there is life , there is hope . ( 只要)
c While I admit that the problems are difficult , I don't agree that they cannot be solved . ( 尽管)
B ) 从属连词, " 与..... 时候" , 只与延续性动词连用.
鶥e careful while you are crossing the street .
C) while鷑.一段时间
鷚ait for a while 等一会儿鷄fter a while过一会儿之后
in a short while不久 once in a while间或
when
A)从属连词,"当...... 时候" ,可与延续性动词连用,也可与短暂性动词连用.
鷄鶥e careful when you are crossing the street . ( 也可用while )
鷅 What did you鷖ee when (不用while) you entered the room .
B) 并列连词, " 这时", = at that time
I was about to go鷚hen the telephone rang / I was about to start when it began to rain .
C) when conj . = since ; considering that 既然;考虑到
鶫ow can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television ?
13鷄sk ... for...向某人要... ask for sth.要求得到 ask sth. of sb.问某人( 某事)
ask ( sb.) for help向( 某人) 求助鷄sk ( sb. ) for advice向某人求教
ask for the way问路 ask for trouble自找麻烦
14. bring in ( = earn or get in )赚得;让... 进来;引来;吸收
鷅ring about带来;造成鷅ring out使显出;出版
鷅ring up培养;提出;呕吐鷅ring down击落;降低( 温度,价格)
eg. He brings in 800 yuan a month ./ His talk brought in some new ideas .
15 .表示时间的名词前如果有 one , this , that , next , last等修饰时, 其前面不家任何介词.如, one day , this week .
16.seven people in ten十人中有七人( = seven out of every ten people/ seven people out of ten / seven-tenth of people )
17鷈lder表示亲兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系,只能用作定语
鷒lder表示年龄的大小,可用作表语和定语
eg.鶰y _______sister who works in the bank is two years ________ than I .
A younger ; older鶥 older; elder鶦 elder ; elder D elder ; older
18。explain sth. to sb./ explain to sb. that.clause
Tom told me why he was late. He exlained that he missed the bus.
19. for some reason 因某一原因/ What's the reason for---原因是什么/ That's (the reason) why ---do sth./ The reason why+clause /for +n. is that---------的原因是------此句型的that 不能换成because, for, since
20.Everyday English:
1)请对方重复所说内容：
Would you please say that again ? Pardon?
Sorry , I didn't follow you/ Ididn't catch what you said.
2)问对方什么意思：What do you mean?/ What do you mean by that?/ What does this word mean?/ What's the meaning of this word?.
Ex.
1 Do you know the difficulty he had ____ the work ?
鶤 on finishing鶥 to finish C finishing D鷋aving finished
2 My name is Robert , _____ most of my friends call me Bob for short .
鶤 then B instead C however鶧鷅ut
3 We'll have to finish the job , ______ .(NMET 1999)
A long it takes however B it takes however long C long however it takes D however long it takes
4 If you work with a strong will , we can overcome any difficulty , ____ great it is .(NME 1995)
A what B鷋ow鶦 however鶧鷚hatever
5 " Have you finished designing the machine ? "" _____ finished but there's still something to improve "
鶤鶰ore or less B Sooner or later C Less than鶧 More than
6. " Is the zoo far from here? " " It'e an hour's journey , _____."
A鷐ore and more B鷐ore or less鶦鷄nd so on鶧鷄ll鷗ogether
7 Why don't you go and ask him _____ help ?
A about鶥 for C of鶧 /
8 It's said that the weather will ____ hot for another three or four days .
A look B鷏ast鶦 stay D get
9 This is the same knife _____ I lost yesterday .
A鷚hich鶥鷚hat C鷏ike鶧鷄s
10鶫ow much has the company _____ this year ?
鶤鷅rought in B鷅rought down C鷆ome about D鷐ade in
11 There are ______ people dancing and singing in the park on May Day .
鶤鷄 good many鶥 a good many of C鷗he large number of D a great deal of
12 ______ is needed in very cold weather .
A A lot of clothes B鶰uch clothing
C many a clothing D鶤 large number of clothing
13. She thought I was talking about her daughter , _____鷌n fact , I was talking about my daughter .(NMET 95)
A whom B鷚here C鷚hich鶧鷚hile
14.Why do you want a new job , ___ you're got such a good one already ? ( NMET1998)
鶤 that B where鶦鷚hich鶧鷚hen( 既然)
15 . " I am going to the office . " " ____ you're there , can you get me some stamps ?" (NMET1999)
鶤鶤s鶥鶺hile C鷅ecause D鶬f
16. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill , especially ____ Father was away in France .( NMET1994)
鶤 during B if C unless D while
17鷂____ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together . ( NMET 1997)
鶤鶫owever late is he鶥 However he is late鶦 However is he late鶧 However late he is
18 Their working conditions stayed the same ___ ten years ago .
A as鶥 like鶦 to D鷚hat
19They didn't know the change had ____ .
A鷆ome on鶥 come about C come in D鷆ome back
20.Julie went to the _____ to buy a pair of shoes .
鶤 shoes store鶥鷖hoe鷖tore鶦 shoe's store鶧 shoes' store
21 ." What's your reason ___ being late ? " " That's ____ my mother was ill ."
A of , why B鷒f , because C鷉or , why D for , because
22 . She's going up to Paris _____.
A鷌n three day's time鶥 after three day's time鶦 in three days' time鶧 three days' time later
23 This sentence is different ____ that one . Can you tell the difference ___ them ?
鶤 from, between鶥 to , among C with , between D from ,鷉rom
24 . Her hair is ____.
A鷗he same colour as her mother B鷗he same colour as her mother's
C same colour as her mother鶧 same colour as her mother's
25 .I don't ____ agree with you on that . A鷙ery B quite鶦 very much鶧鷕ather
26.鶰any great man have risen from poverty ---- Lincoln and Edison, _______.
A instead鶥鷉or example鶦 and so on鶧 such as
27. Was the door of our office ______ last year ?
鶤鷕emained open B stayed open C kept opened鶧鷏eft open
28 ." What doe your new friend look like ? " " _______."
鶤 He looks well鶥 He likes music very much
鶦 He is a handsome young man鶧 He is always ready to help others
29. " Shall we go swimming ? " " Ok, I'll just go and get _____."
A to change B to be changed C changed鶧 changing
30.It was below freezing point _____ .
A鷄ll winter long鶥 all the winter long C in all winter long鶧鷌n all the winter long
高考英语快速阅读训练
（3）The Biochemistry of Hibernation
The biochemistry of hibernation may help save human lives．During the long cold winter many of us struggle to keep warm while we wait for the warmth of spring．But there are some animal going into a deep sleep during winter． When an animal is hibernating in this way，its body temperature falls to nearly freezing．The organs（器官）of the animal's body almost stop working．The heart beats only a few times a minute．For example，the ground squirrel's heartbeat during hibernation slows from its normal 350 beats each minute to only 3 or 4． Hibernating animals can lose as much as one half of their body weight during the sleep，and the body's need for food is sharply reduced．No hibernating animal sleeps all winter without waking from time to time．Hibernating squirrels awaken about 15 days．Bats awaken every 30-40 days．Scientists believe that these periods of waking and sleeping are controlled by a substance（物质）in the blood called HIT（hibernation inducing trigger冬眠诱发剂）．Scientists have found that by putting small amounts of this substance into the brain of an animal，the animal's heartbeat begins to slow and the body temperature begins to fall．This was true even for animal that do not hibernate，such as monkeys．When HIT was put into a monkey's brain，its heartbeat slowed as much as 50 ％． The body temperature fell several degrees，and its interest in food disappeared．Doctors believe that HIT，when it is better understood，might be used during operations on the heart or other parts of the body．It could reduced the body'stemperature and slow the heartbeat to reduce bleeding．The effect of HIT on a person'sinterest in food also might be used in helping those who want to lose weight．And HIT might be used in space travel．An astronaut sent to a distant planet or star might be able to hibernate for most of the trip，waking only when necessary．（Words：330 Minutes：5．5）1．During hibernation the ground squirrels heart beat鷂___ ．
A．falls several times鶥．slows from 350 to 120 beats a minute
C．goes up from 3 or 4 to 350 beats a minute鶧．reduces from its normal 350to 3or 4 beats a minute
2．During the winter sleep，hibernating animals can lose鷂___ of their body weight．
A．1／2鶥．1／3 C．2／3鶧．1／4
3．What effect does the substance HIT have on hibernating animals？
A．It has a chemical effect on them．鶥．It has a bad effect on them．
C．It has an effect on the rising of their body temperature．
D．It can control the periods of their waking and sleeping．
4．Doctors believe that HIT might be used during operations because鷂___ ．
A．it could make the patient sleep
B．it could reduce the body's temperature and heartbeats to reduce bleeding
C．it could make the sick feel less pain D．it could keep the sick awake during the operation
5．HIT might be used in space travel ____ ．
A．to make the travel faster鶥．to make the astronaut hibernate for most of the trip
C．to save fuel（燃料）鶧．to make the spaceship come back on time
（3）1-5鶧ADBB