课题:
一、 教学目的
1. Learn some important language points.
2. Learn to analysis sentence structure.
3. Master the use of “it is /was ….that/ who/ whom…”
二、教学重点
1.Let students understand the relationship between agricultural production and environment protection through listening.
2. Master the use of “it is /was ….that/ who/ whom…”
3. To improve the Ss’ abilities of describing persons
4. To enlarge the Ss vocabulary.
三、教学难点
1.How to understand the material about agriculture.
2.How to build associations between English and biology or
3.other subjects and try to express freely their own ideas.
四、教学时数： 6 学时，其中实践性教学 学时。
五、习题
1.Complete the listening practice for Unit17 in the Workbook.
2. 复习本单元，星期一晚上抽查本单元语言知识
六、教学后记：
七、教学步骤:
Part1 .Warming up
I. Look at the graph and try to answer the following questions.
1. Which farm product grew most during the first five years of the 1990s?
Fruit
2. How much did it grow compared with that during the second half of the 1980s?
84%
3. Which grew least?
Grain
4. If three million pigs, sheep and cattle were raised during the years from 1986 to 1990, how many were raised from 1991 to 1995?
4.95 million
II. Discuss the following questions in the text book.
1. How are people’s eating habits changing over the years?
The most significant changes are from a diet mainly based on rice and vegetables to a diet that still includes rice, with a greater variety in vegetables and a considerable quantity of meat.
Why do you think this happens?
(1). People are earning more money, so they want to buy and eat more meat.
(2). People learn more about healthy food, so they want to eat more fruit.
(3). Fruit juices are healthier than soft drinks such as cola, so people want to drink more juices.
(4). Fish is good to health, and it is said that it can make people become clever. And eating fish won’t make people fat.
(5). In order to taste good, people like to fry food. And it needs more oil.
2. How has agricultural produce changed during these years?
China now produces almost 80% more fish and fruit than twenty years ago. The produce of meat over the same period has increased by 60%. Oil and sugar are up about 30% each. Grain and cotton are up 10 and 15% respectively.
What do you think caused these changes?
(1). People want to buy different produces, so farmers need to grow different things.
(2). Farmers can make more money by growing fruits or fish farming than growing grain.
3. What effects do you think the changes in eating habits will have on agriculture or nature?
It may have both good and bad effects on nature.
(1). First, Chinese people are eating more meat. Next, farmers have to raise more pigs, sheep and cattle. So, more grass is needed to feed more sheep and cattle. So, farmers need more grassland. Then, people may cut down trees to take more land on which to grow grass.
(2). They also may destroy nature to get more land to grow grain and grass to feed animals.
(3). If farmers want to grow different crops, they would plant them together. This can be very good for the soil.
(4). Farmers can make full use of land to grow fruits in the places where other crops can’t be planted.
Part2 Listening
1. Explain what they are expected to do.
2. Learn some words and phrases in the listening material.
drought 旱灾 dike 堤坝 environmental problems 环境问题 move on迁移 result in = lead to fish pond 鱼池 go against 违反
3. Listen to the tape for more than three times.
4. Check the answer.
Part3. Reading
1. Look at the pictures in the text book and describe what they see.
(1).We can see a child and a woman and two chicken. And the woman is sitting in front of the house, feeding the chicken.
The picture below shows a large house in which thousands of chicken fed in small cages.
(2).The second picture shows a pile of animal manure.
The picture below shows a bag of chemical fertilizer.
(3).We can see that a farmer is working on the farmland with two cattle. The cattle pull the plough to work the land.
The picture below shows a tractor. And we can see the farmers are using the tractor to work the land.
(4). The fourth picture shows dry, barren land. The earth is too dry to plant anything.
The picture below shows a greenhouse, where plants grow in a building made of glass or plastic.
2. Compare traditional and modern farming.
(1) small scale & large scale
(2) natural fertiliser & chemical fertiliser
(3) animals & machines
(4) open air & greenhouse
3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way?
参见教参Ｐ１６４
4. What other changes have happened on farms in the last 100 years?
Over the past 100 years there have been some changes on farms and in agriculture:
The use of machines, the use of chemical fertilizers, the use of insect killers, the use of food supplements in animal feed, the growth of the farms( bigger farms), doing the work with workers who are not part of the family, growing different crops, etc.
.Reading
Read the text quickly and try to answer following questions.
1. What’s the biggest problem to Chinese farmers?
The shortage of arable land.
2. What does GM mean?
“G” stands for “genetically”
“M” stands for “modified”3. New techniques and innovations in agriculture
chemical fertilizers, pumps for irrigation, special seedbeds, machines (eg tractors), international exchange, greenhouses, GM technique
5. Explain the language points paragraph by paragraph：
1. 强调句的结构通常是：It + be + 强调部分+ that (人物可用who/whom)加句子其他部分，特征：把It is / was ……that….结构去掉，剩下部分能整理成完整的一句话，则为强调句．
Lucy went to China last year.
It was Lucy who/that went to China last year.
It was China that Lucy went to last year.
It was last year that Lucy went to China.
2.as …… as possible 尽可能……
as much / many / early / soon/ cheap … as possible
e.g. Stay here as long as possible.
3. where possible 是 where ( it is) possible 的省略结构
e.g. Go to places where necessary.
Come to see me when possible.
We will go there next week if possible.
4. bring in 引进
e.g. We should bring in new technology.
5. be friendly to 对…..友善／有利
e.g. He is very friendly to me.
It is friendly to our work.
be friendly to 与 be harmful to / be bad for 相对应，与be good for 相一致
6. depend on 取决于，依靠
e.g. Whether you can study English well depends on how hard you study.
7. not only …but also
如果将not only 放在句首，这时not only 所在的分句需要部分倒装
Not only do we learn Chinese but also we learn English.
由not only… but also 连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致原则，与贴近它的主语一致．
8.protect … from…保护……免受…
She wears sunglasses to protect her eyes from sun.
9. no matter 不管，无论，常与副词when, where, how, who, what, which等特殊疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句．可与 whatever, whenever, wherever, however 等替换，但wh-ever还可以引导名词性从句．
e.g. No matter where (wherever) you are , I will be right here waiting for you.
You can choose whatever you like.
Whoever leaves last must close the door.
10. be known as 被称为，以……知名，后接身份、职业的名词。主语与as的宾语构成主表关系。
e.g. He is known as a great scientist.
be known for 以…..而闻名
be known to 为……所知，强调宾语了解或熟知主语
e.g. He is known to everyone as a good doctor. 人人都知道他是个好医生。
11. in other words 换句话说，用语插入语，常对前面所说的话进行解释
e.g. The doctor succeeded in her operation, in other words, he gave her a second life.
12. a variety of 多种多样的，各种各样的＝various
e.g. She sells a variety of flower.= She sells various flower.
Part4. Grammar
1. 强调句的结构通常是：It + be + 被强调的成分+ that (人物可用who/whom)+其他成分。
E.g. It was I who/ that broke the glass yesterday. (强调主语)
It is me whom / that you should help.(强调宾语)
It was in the classroom that he told me the news. (强调地点状语)
It is tomorrow that we will go to Shanghai.(强调时间状语)
It is by bus that Tom often goes to school.（强调方式状语）
It was in order to catch the first bus that he got up earlier.(强调目的状语)
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school yesterday.(强调原因状语从句)
只能强调because引导的原因状语从句，不能引导since, as 引导的原因状语从句，因这两个词表示的语气较弱。
强调句的反意疑问句须与主句保持一致
e.g. It was at nine last night that I knew the news, wasn’t it?
此句型不能用来强调谓语，表语，定语；强调谓语用do, does, did
It is a student that she is.错句
that, who, whom之后动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致（即人称和数要与原句中的一致）。
强调句中的事态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时，过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was……其余的时态用It is….。
特征：把It is / was ……that….结构去掉，剩下部分能整理成完整的一句话，则为强调句。
It is clear that not all boys like football.(IT做形式主语，引导的主语从句)
It is / was not until +被强调部分+that +其他成分
e.g. He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.
注意：因为句型It was / is not …已经是否定句了，that 后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。
Not…until…句型与强调句以及倒装句的转换
e.g. Li Ming didn’t watch TV until he finished his homework.
It was not until Li Ming finished his homework that he watched TV.
Not until Li Ming finished his homework did he watch TV.
e.g. The bus will not go until all the people get on it.
Not until all the people get on it that the bus will go.
Not until all the people get on it will the bus go.
Step 2. check exercises
Part6. Integrating skills
1. The brief introduction of Jia Sixie
贾思勰是我国南北朝时期杰出的农业科学家．他编的《齐民要术》是一部内容丰富、规模巨大的农业生产技术著作。《齐民要术》分为１０卷，共９２篇，１１万字。内容包括农作物的栽培，各种经济林木的生产，以及各种野生植物的利用等等。
2. Listen to the tape
3. Discuss what advice Jia Sixie gave to farmers.
(1). Farmers should do things at the right time of the year.
(2). Farmers should examine the soil carefully.
(3). If the condition of the soil is not good, farmers should improve it.
(4). Before sowing or planting crops, farmers should clean rough ground and remove weeds.
(5). Farmers should let sleep or cattle walk on the land before sowing or planting crops.
(6). Farmers should plough the land, so weeds are destroyed.
(7). When ploughing the land, farmers should plough deep the first time and less deep the second time.
(8). Farmers will get the best results if they change crops in their fields.
(9). If farmers plant rice in a field one year, and wheat in that field the following year, they will harvest good crops.
(10). If farmers plant wheat close together, they will have better results than when they plant wheat leaving space between the plants.
(11). It is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.
4. The useful expression in the text.
have a long history; be useful for; discover the wisdom;
live in the sixth century AD; plant wheat close together
spend time on research into; collect information; do experiments;
learn from the experiences of; give advice on; grow green vegetables;
keep cows; give instructions for; make wine; be a practical guide to ;
do things at the right time of the year;
go against nature; clean rough ground, remove weeds
reach the best harvest
plan rice year after year
5. Explain the language points in the text.
(1). go against 违背，不利于
e.g. We should not go against school rules.
(2). raise, keep, support, feed
这四者均有“抚养，养家，赡养”之意
Ａ.raise, keep 抚养人；饲养动物；种植、栽培农作物
e.g. He made a living by keeping / raising pigs.
B. support 养活人口，不用于饲养动物
e.g. You should support your parents.
C. feed喂养、饲养，指具体的喂养动作
e.g. He fed meat to his dog.
(3).year after year 年复一年，主要强调动作的重复性，不发生变化
e.g. We go to Shanghai year after year.
year by year 年年，每年，主要强调动作的渐变过程，要发生变化
e.g. The number of students is increasing year by year.
(4) close ,adj. 相近的、知心的
She is my close friend.
Close, adv. 接近，靠近
They sat down close together.
Close to….靠近…..（地方）
I sat close to the door.
(5). Next to 在…..旁边，紧挨着；次于，几乎
e.g. I sat next to him.+
(6). At the right time of the year.
At the correct time of the year
At the wrong time of the year