Unit 6
1.perseverance坚持不懈， 不屈不挠
persevere vi. He persevered with his work.
perseverence n. Our study needs perseverance
2.Failure happens when you quit.
quit vt. (quitted/quit, quitted/quit, quitting)
(1)从…离去,离开; 停止;辞职 (to eave; to give up; to stop) +n./doing
I’ve quit my job. 我辞职了.
Quit smoking in this room, please.
Quit fooling around! 别胡闹了!
(2)to rid oneself of by paying 偿清
quit a debt
(3)举止；以一种特定的方式表现(自己)
Quit yourself like adults.
(4) be quit of sb./sth: 摆脱某人/某物
I was glad to be quit of the troublesome job.
3. Apply the following statements to yourself.
(1)请求；申请vi
I want to apply for the job.
(2)apply… to… 涂,敷,抹; 适用;把…应用于…vt, to put to or adapt for a special use:
Apply some medicine to his wound. 给他的伤口敷药。
What I have said does not apply to you.
You can’t apply this rule to every case.
New technology __is being applied to almost every industrial process.
(3)apply oneself to 专心致力于---， apply one’s mind to专心从事于 ;
to devote (oneself or one's efforts) to something:
Students should apply themselves to their study.
He applied his mind to the job.
Exercises:
Windows _____to isolate different physical environments while allowing light to pass.
A. are applied B. applying C. applied A
Eco-agriculture _____to more Chinese farmland
A. applied B. is to apply C. will be applied C
4.add v. 增加；添加；相加；继续说
(1)to combine (a column of figures, for example) to form a sum. 把…加起来：把（如一串数字）加起来求得总数
add up加起来
Add up all these figures. Please add the figures up / together.
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
Three _______to one is four. A. Adding B. added C. adds C
add up to 总计达；总起来意味着
These figures add up to fifty.
All he said added up to his disagreement.
add to 增添，增加
The music added to our enjoyment.
The green belts add to the beauty of the school.
add sth to sth 往。。。里加。。。
add fuel to the fire 火上加油；使事情更糟
(2). to say or write further. 进一步说，进一步写
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.
我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。
Would you like to add anything to what I've said, John?
5.circumstance（通常用复数）环境；情况
In the present ~s
Circumstances allowing, I’ll go abroad to study.
under/ in the ~s 在此情况下，既然这样
I had to give up my attempt in the circumstances.
Under the circumstance of market economy，在市场经济条件下
under / in no ~s 无论如何不，绝不
I will under no ~s let my daughter marry such a person.(放在句首句子要部分倒装)
->Under no circumstances will I let my daughter marry such a person .
Under no circumstance will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
任何情况下中国都不会首先使用核武器。
6。more than
A. “ More than ＋名词” (=not only)
表示“多于 …… ”、不仅仅是，“非但 …… 尤其是”如：
1) He’s more than a teacher. He’s our best friend.
2) The museum is more than a museum. It’s a school.
B. “ More than ＋数词” (=over)含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：
3) I have known David for more than 20 years.
4) The museum is more than 10 kilometres from here
5） More than one house was burnt down in the fire.
C. “ More than ＋形容词” (extremely)等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：
6) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
7) Her performance was more than good; it was perfect.
D. 在“ More...than... ”中，肯定“ more ”后面的而否定“ than ”后面的，约等于“是 …… 而不
8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text.
9) Catherine is more diligent勤奋 than intelligent.聪明
10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
E. “ More than ”或“ More...than... ”＋含“ can ”的分句时表示“否定意”，如： 11) That's more than I can do.
12) Don't bite off more than you can chew.
13) In delivering发表 his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students can understand.
F. “ No more...than... ”表示“不 …… ；不如 …… ”，如：
14) I can no more do that than anyone else.
15) A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing. ”
比较
1) He is not more diligent than John.前者不如后者
2) He is no more diligent than John . 一样不
3) He is not more than 40. 不超过（不强调少）
4) He is no more than 40. (=only,强调少,有感情色彩)
5) He is no less active than he used to be.不少于，不亚于 ，和……一样
6) He is more brave than wise.有勇无谋
7) The film is more in name than in reality.名不符实
8) The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.与其说是语法书倒不如说是本词典
7. I don’t lose heart when I fail to do something.
lost heart = discourage= dishearten=lost hope=be discouraged = be disheartened
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to make less hopeful or enthusiastic”:
这些动词的中心意思都是：“使泄气，使失去热情,失掉信心，丧失勇气”：
Don’t lose heart when you come across difficulties.
比较He lost his heart to the famous actress.
lose one’s heart to sb./sth 爱上/倾心于=give one’s heart to sb.=love sb./sth
heart 作“决心，毅力”解，为抽象名词，没有复数形式, 一般前面不加修饰语。
联想： by heart默记地
break one’s heart伤心
have one’s heart in one’s mouth忐忑不安
heart and soul全心全意地；热心地
with all one’s heart全心全意
Keep on trying . Never _________. I'm sure you'll succeed sooner or later.
A. Lose heart B. lose one’s heart C. lose hearts A
lose heart 失去勇气
lose one’s heart to 爱上。。。
lose contact with 与。。。失去联系
lose control of 对。。。失去控制
lose face 丢面子
lose hold of 松手，放开
lose interest in 对。。。失去兴趣
lose no time in doing sth 不失时机（抓紧时间）作。。。
lose sight of 忘记，忽视
8. You will do better if you take it easy. (p47)
Take it / things easy 别紧张，放松点
Take it easy, there is nothing serious.
[比较]Take your time , there is still 15 minutes to go.
take one’s time 慢慢来，别急
“You don’t have to answer quickly. Please take your time.”
a)________________, there is nothing serious.
b)______________________, there is still 15 minutes to go.
c)----Can I look about the rooms before I decide which room I’d like to stay in ?
-----Of course.________, madam.
A. That’s all right B. Take your time
C. Enjoy yourself D. Take it easy.
Take it from me 相信我的话，我敢担保
Take .. for granted 认为。。。是当然的
Take over 接任；接管；接收
Take up 开始做。。。；专注于；占用；接下去
Take back 撤销
Take for 当作；误认为
Take in 收容；囊括；包含；缩减尺寸；领悟；蒙骗
Take off 脱掉衣服；飞机起飞
Take on 雇佣；聘用； 开始显现； 承担；（工作，责任）
Take sb./it /things seriously 尊敬某人；重视; 认真对待, 当真
9. keep up 维持;保持;坚持;继续；
1) They lead an active life to keep up their body temperature.
2) Many people keep up this old tradition.
3) Will the weather keep up?
Keep up with 不落在---后面, 赶上
She likes to keep up with the latest fashion
He walked so fast that she couldn’t keep up with him.
10.common sense 常识，情理=general knowledge
A sense of humour/beauty/shame幽默感/美感/羞耻心
a man of sense通情达理的人,有理智的人
in common 共同，共有
share a common interest 有共同利益
share a common tongue 讲同一种语言
out of the common 与众不同，奇特
be common to 是。。。所共有
too common to mention 司空见惯，不值一提
11.survive 生还，残存;比---长寿
Vi 幸存；活下来
We survived, although others died in the accident.
Vt. ….之后还活着
Only one baby survived the terrible car crash.
We survived the accident.
survival n. 生存, 幸存, 残存, 幸存者, 残存物
The man's survival was surprising, as the doctors thought he would die.
这个人能活下来真是出人意外，因为医生们认为他必死无疑。
survival kit 紧急求生用品箱
survivor 生还者，残存物
13. nail 指甲；钉子
1）. fingernail toenail
You must stop biting your nails.
2）. He drove/ hammered a two-inch nail into the wall.
3）. The two girls are fighting tooth and nail(=fiercely)竭尽全力，拼命地
14。All alone, and with very few tools, he managed to survive on the island for more tham 27 years.
All alone 在句中作伴随状语
He did it all alone. 这事是他一个人干的。
形容词作伴随或结果状语，表状态
［误］He went to bed, coldly and hungrily.
［正］He went to bed, cold and hungry.
［析］形容词作伴随状语，说明他上床时所处的状态，并非说明他上床的方式。
He was sitting in a corner, silently.
silently→silent。副词误用。本题中应用形容词作伴随状语。
15.This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave
him the idea to move there.
beyond 作介词时，主要用法有：
(1) (表示位置) 在……的那边；在…… 之外。如：
My uncle lives beyond the river. 我叔叔住在河的对岸。
The airport is 40 miles beyond the town. 机场在离城40英里以外的地方。
(2) (表示时间) 过了，比……晚。如：
My father arrived beyond eight o’clock. 我父亲过了八点钟才到。
He came home beyond the usual time. 他比平时回家晚。
(3) (表示范围、限度) 超出；为……所不及。如：
If the work is beyond Tom, it is certainly beyond me.
如果汤姆干不了这项工作，我也干不了。
They live beyond their income. 他们的生活入不敷出。
This problem is far beyond me / my comprehension.
The TV is beyond repair.
(4) (常用于含疑问或否定意义的结构中) 除……之外。如：
I didn’t notice anything beyond his rather strange accent.
除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没有注意到别的。
I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.
I cannot say anything beyond that.
I’m sorry it’s ____ my power to make a final decision on the project.
(上海 2004春)
A. over B. above
C. off D. beyond
Beyond all praise 赞美不尽
Beyond belief 难以置信
Beyond compare 无与伦比，不可及的
Beyond description 无法形容
Beyond hope 没希望的，绝望的
Beyond sb’s grasp ； beyond my power/reach. beyond my control 为。。。所不及的
Beyond words 无法用语言表达
16. Leave behind 忘带；留下
I’ve left behind my hat on the chair.
The lights of the city were soon left behind.
He left a great fame / a large fortune behind (him).
Leave alone 让。。。独自呆着
Leave…at the mercy of 任由。。。摆布
Leave off 停止
Leave out 遗漏，漏掉
17。In the spring we continued our journey westward. 春天，我们继续向西旅行。
westward ad.向西 a.西方的
go in a westward direction 向西走 march westward 向西行军
n.西方，西部 lie to the westward 位于西部
westwards adv.
They traveled westwards.
18.The journey through the mountains and desert in the central part of the continent was the most trying part.
通过大陆中央的山脉和沙漠的旅程是最艰难的。
trying a.难受的；难堪的；费劲的；恼人的
a trying situation尴尬的局面；难处的境况
19. Ox- oxen cattle cow bull buffalo bison
John Bull 约翰牛(指英国或英国人)
20. ... and the long walk through the sand was hard on the oxen.
此处be hard on意为“够…受，使…难以忍受”。另外，它还可意为“磨得厉害；对…过于严厉，苛刻；紧跟等”。如：
These rough roads are hard on your shoes. 这些崎岖的道路把鞋磨得厉害。
Don’t be too hard on your little son. 不要对你的儿子过于苛刻。
When I arrived there, I found that he was hard on me.
我到那儿时，发现他紧跟在我的后面。
Work hard at 竭尽全力
She is working hard at her term paper. 她正在用心撰写学期论文。
Take a hard look at 冷眼看待
We need to take a long hard look at the whole system of welfare payments
我们需要长期冷静的审视整套福利支付制度。
21. burden
She bore the burden of caring for her sick mother.
The boy was a burden to / on his family.
Senior middle school students were heavily burdened with all kinds of homework
22. The animals dragged their legs, too weak to pull their burden, and their tongues hung out in desperate need of water.这些动物拖着他们的腿，太虚弱了而不能拉动负担，他们的舌头由于极度缺少水而在外搭了着。
hand out挂出； desperate极度渴望的
desperate adj.1>令人绝望的，危急的 in a desperate state 在绝境中
The situation was so desperate.
2>（因绝望而）孤注一掷，拼死的 make a desperate effort 拼命的努力
The ~ thief shot at the policeman.
3>极度渴望的be desperate for――极度想要――
He was desperate for fame.
in desperate need of很渴望的
He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.
4>极端的；（气候）险要的a desperate fool大傻瓜
desperately adv.拼命地, 绝望地
23. For many weeks we had been accustomed to seeing horses and oxen, suffering from heat, thirst, and starvation.许多个星期，我们习惯于看到马、牛受热、渴和饥饿之苦。
be accustomed to (+n.或V-ing形式)习惯于（比be used to 正式）。
be / get / become accustomed to =be/get/become used to
You will soon get accustomed to the job.你将会很快习惯这个工作的。
I am accustomed to cold weather/ walking long distances.
You’ll soon get accustomed to cold weather.
suffer from(v.+prep.=vt.)受――之苦；患――
She often suffers from headaches.她常头痛。
suffer from floods遭受洪水
24. thirst
After walking for three hours, I really had a thirst.
She has the thirst for fame.
25. starve, starvation
Die of ~
~ cure断食疗法
26. anxiety about/ for
I felt anxiety about / for his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.
with great anxiety非常担忧, 十分焦急地
When we saw the valley with fat cattle and horses, we thought we had reached the promised land.当我们看到牛肥马壮的山谷时，我们知道我们到了一个有指望的土地。
promise有希望，有――可能. This year promises a good harvest.今年有丰收的希望。
promised过去分词作定语，有希望的。
27. come to an end 结束, 告终
The meeting came to an end at midnight.
bring …to an end结束, 完成, 终止
25. anniversary周年纪念（日）
Tomorrow is the anniversary of the first day we dated.
A wedding anniversary
They celebrated their 10th wedding anniversary.
26. relief
n. 1. 解脱的感觉
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.
听说我已经通过了考试，感到轻松多了。
give a patient relief from pain使病人减轻痛苦
2. Aid in time of danger. 援助
to send relief to flood victims
将救济物资运送给遭受水灾的灾民
provide relief for refugees 救济难民
A relief fund 救济基金
Vt.
1. 减少；减轻
This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.
这将会在一定程度上减轻对火车的压力。
relieved all his symptoms 减轻了他的所有症状；
relieved the tension.缓和紧张局面
a drug that relieves headaches 缓解头痛的药
2. 免除；解除（与of连用）
Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel.
让我把你的重包裹解下来吧。
relieve sb. from anxiety消除某人的忧虑
relieve the people in flood-stricken area 救济水灾区的人们
27. deliver
1.递送 ~ sth. (to sb.)
The mailman delivers the mail twice a day in this area.
Would you deliver my message to your mother?
2.发言He delivered a long speech.
3.接生The doctor managed to deliver the triplets safely.
delivery n.
28.Tough强壮的；坚强的；吃苦耐劳的 ;坚韧的；困难的；费力的；难切难吃的; 残暴的；严酷的；苛刻的：
a tough winter( severe; harsh)
This steak is too tough咬不动
He looked ( to be) the toughest of all the challengers.
Tough policies强硬的政策
a tough guy[美]无赖
a tough job棘手的工作
a tough customer难伺候的客人
have a tough time of it日子不好过
29. tie up
You should tie up the parcel with a strong string.
30. stake
Be at stake 在危险中=in danger
His life was at stake.
31. go for为…去;努力获取;追求, 想获得 ; 喜欢；被吸引
She’s gone for a book. Go for a walk
to go for a job求职
She doesn't go for men of this type.她不喜欢他这种类型的男人。