知识总结归纳：
1. 简单句中的省略：
在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。
（1）Looks like rain.
（2）Hope to hear from you soon.
（3）Sounds like a good idea.
（4）Beg your pardon.
（5）Feeling better today ?
（6）This way, please.
（7）-What does he want to eat ?
-Some rice and vegetables.
（8）Anything I can do for you ?
（9）Sorry to hear that.
（10）Doesn’t matter.
（11）Terrible weather!
（12）Pity you couldn’t come.
2. 并列句中的省略：
在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：
（1）They learn French and we English.
（2）My father planned and built all these houses.
（3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
（4）Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.
3. 复合句中的省略：
定语从句：
（1）That’s the reason he is late for the conference.
（2）I don’t like the way he talks.
状语从句：
（1）If heated, water will boil.
（2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
（3）We’ll go to help you if necessary.
（4）Had I time, I would come.
（5）I’ll go, should it be necessary.
（6）The captain can find a boat quicker than we can.
宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。
（1）We will do what we can（do）to help you.
（2）-Is Mr. King in his office?
-Sorry, I don’t know（whether he is in his office or not）.
用so / not 在动词: believe; hope; suppose; be afraid 后面来替代一个宾语从句。
（1）-Can you come with your husband this afternoon ?
-I’m afraid not.
（2）-Is he coming tonight ?
-I guess so.
（3）-Do you think it is going to rain tomorrow ?
-I hope not.
4. 动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。
（1）-Would you like to go with us ?
-I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
（2）Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to.
（3）-Have you ever been to the seaside?
-No, we can’t afford to.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。
（1）They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
（2）He doesn’t get up early as he used to.
（3）I’ll hand it in if I have to.
（4）-Would you like to come tonight ?
-I’d love to.
Tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to后面的动词原形。
（1）He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
（2）The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
【典型例题】
1.-I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.
-_____. Let’s go and see him.
A. What’s more B. If so
C. Where possible D. When possible
分析：根据上句的内容，第二个人说：如果是这样，让我们去看望他吧。If so的完整形式是：If it is so.
答案：B
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ___ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
分析：本句when后面省略了I was
答案：C
3. What surprised me was not what he said but ___ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
分析：way表示：“方式”后面的定语从句由that / in which 引导或者省略关系代词，本句的定语从句he said it省略了关系代词。
答案：A
4. -Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
-______?
A. What for B. What is it
C. How is it D. How come
分析：第二个人不知道为什么要倒空抽屉，所以问为什么。What for（为什么）它的完整表达应是What are you going to use the empty drawer for ?
答案：A
5. I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to ___ me.
A. have seen B. seeing
C. meet D. be met
分析：本句后半部分as she herself to ___ me是as herself is looking forward to seeing me的省略。
答案：B
6. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not ___?
A. ourselves B. ours
C. we D. us
分析：if not ___ 是if you don’t turn to us 的省略。
答案：D
7. -Did you visit the museum last week ?
-No, we ___, but we spent too much time shopping.
A. could have B. could
C. must have D. must
分析：句中we ___是we could have visited the museum last week.的省略形式。
答案：A
8. -Is your mother going to the supermarket ?
-No, ____.
A. she doesn’t B. she’s cooking
C. she gets by bus D. to a tailor’s shop
分析：根据对话的语境，表明：我妈妈不打算去超市，而是去裁缝铺。to a tailor’s shop
是She is going to a tailor’s shop.的省略。
答案：D
9. -She may not be free today.
-___, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
A. If may B. If not
C. If she may not D. If she may not be free today.
分析：答语的前半部分的完整回答应是：If she is not free today.
答案：B
10. She hurriedly left the room as if ___.
A. she angry B. was angry
C. it was angry D. angry
分析：when, if，Unless, while, though/although, as if/though引导的状语从句，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中谓语部分有be时，可以省略句中的主语和be。
答案：D
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. ___, I will help you with your work.
A. If I am possible B. If it possible
C. If possible D. Possible
2. -Do you follow me?
-Yes, ____.
A. it is good B. I will
C. perfectly D. very good
3. -How are you getting on with your work ?
-Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as ___.
A. plans B. planning
C. planned D. to plan
4. -Are you a teacher?
-No, but I ___. I worked in a middle school for three years.
A. am B. will
C. do D. was
5. -How many poor countries will there be in our province by 2010?
-There will be only a few, if ___.
A. much B. some
C. any D. many
6. -Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday ?
-Well, I___, but I forgot it.
A. should B. must
C. should have D. must have
7. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine __.
A. like directed B. to be directed
C. as directed D. so that directed
8. -The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
-______.
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not.
9. -The plane is due to take off at 7:50 from the airport.
-___ we fail to arrive there in time ？
-Try to take another flight then.
A. What if B. As if
C. Even if D. Only if
10. When first __ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
二. 完型填空：
Of all the men who ever liked fresh air, no one liked it more than James Wilson did. He _1__ slept with his window open even when snow was falling outside.
One winter, he went to Finland on business. When he _2__ his room in the hotel, he found that the windows were closed to __3__ the icy air out. He did his best to open one but failed. The bed was really __4___, but Wilson couldn’t sleep. He __5__ forget the closed windows. No fresh air! It was __6___ to think of.
At about one o’clock in the morning, he was __7__ awake. Worrying about the air in the room. He became very angry. Where was the __8__ ? He could see something that looked like __9___ over there. He threw a shoe at it through the darkness with all the force of his strong right arm. A terrible sound of breaking glass _10__ the room, but to Wilson’s sad heart, it seemed like the sound of __11___ music.
When daylight came through the window, he __12___ and lay with his eyes close. There was __13__ to worry about. __14___ was it ? Oh, the broken window! Yes, indeed. He would have to pay __15__ that. He opened his eyes to look.
Suddenly he sat up in __16__. The window was not broken at all. The __17__ was all in one piece, just as good as it had been the night before. __18__ fresh air was entering the room through the window!
He then turned his eyes to the __19__ and saw a broken picture __20__ on the wall. There was a shoe on the floor below it, and a lot of broken glasses around the shoe.
1. A. seldom B. often C. sometimes D. always
2. A. left B. cleaned C. entered D. examined
3. A. prevent B. keep C. stop D. send
4. A. cold B. comfortable C. bad D. terrible
5. A. shouldn’t B. wasn’t able to C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
6. A. unlucky B. anxious C. difficult D. terrible
7. A. already B. nearly C. hardly D. still
8. A. waiter B. manager C. window D. light
9. A. paper B. glass C. a picture D. a man
10. A. destroyed B. covered C. filled D. entered
11. A. funny B. strange C. beautiful D. famous
12. A. got up B. woke up C. went in D. came down
13. A. a lot B. little C. something D. someone
14. A. What B. How C. Where D. Who
15. A. to B. with C. from D. for
16. A. silence B. surprise C. trouble D. pain
17. A. window B. picture C. glass D. shoe
18. A. Much B. No C. Still D. Yet
19. A. outside B. top C. side D. bottom
20. A. lying B. hanging C. falling D. put
三. 阅读理解：
I was bleeding now. My ears were red, my nose was broken, and the pain of failure was beginning. I had lost. It was over. The match was stopped. The world seemed to stand still for a moment as I looked at who had beaten me. “I’ve lost,” I said in m mind. “The last chance to win and I had lost.” It was the final round of wrestling. It was my last year at camp and I wanted to have an undefeated season. But now, I had lost in the tournament（锦标赛）.
My coach came over to help me up. He saw that my nose was broken and realized that the match had to be stopped. He helped me up and I got small applause from my teammates. People on the other team just stared. Coach walked me over to the locker room to work on my nose.
“I’ll stop the bleeding,” Coach Matt said. His voice was cold and empty. He had expected me to win-he knew I could have won-but now he saw it was over. I had lost.
“Hey, Steve. You did good, man, He, well, he just…” my friend Paul couldn’t find what to say.
“Forget it, man.” I said, my nose still bleeding.
“Don’t talk or it won’t stop bleeding. Just relax and breath through your mouth.” Coach Matt’s voice was still cold, but warming slowly. He was like a father to me. He had been there through all my years of wrestling, all my wins and losess , all my hopes and dreams-and now he was there, fixing my smashed nose.
“This must have happened during that last throw. You fell too much on your face. You should’ve turned and tried to escape. You gotta think more.” Coach Matt began, his voice now warm like an old friend trying to give good advice.
“I wanted this so badly.” I said.
“Maybe we can get another contest because of the nose. You can still go undefeated! You can still do it…” Paul continued.
No, I lost. Nothing was left for me to do this year. This was supposed to be the year-no loses.” I said, cutting him off before he finished.
“Steve, you did your best. Come on. Let’s go and get your medal,” Coach said. He looked at me right in the eyes. “You gave it your all. You deserved that trophy(战利品), not the silver medal. You deserve it, but he is getting it. You really won and the whole team is proud.”
I walked up to get my medal, my head held high. I shook the hands of the judges and my opponent, took m medal and saw that, in the eyes of everyone, I had really won. No matter what trophy or medal my opponent took home, no matter what. He may have had my trophy, but he could never have my will.
1. The word “applause” in the second paragraph means _____.
A. cheers and hand-clapping B. shouts and crying
C. screaming and laughing D. noises and whistling
2. “You gave it your all.” means that _____.
A. you tried to win but you failed B. you have done your best to do it
C. you never gave up doing it D. you succeeded in everything
3. The hero lost his match. Both his coach and friends thought that _____.
A. he really showed his strength in it
B. he shouldn’t be encouraged and thought highly of
C. he could not match his opponent
D. he had lost heart at the end of the competition
4. According to the hero, at the end of the passage, we can suppose that____.
A. he had made up his mind to win all the matches the next season
B. he looked down upon his opponent and though nothing of it
C. he had strong will to become the best wrestler in the world
D. he wanted to end his career as a professional wrestler
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1. C If possible: 如果有可能的话. 已经成为了惯用语是If it is possible的省略。
2. C perfectly 是I follow you perfectly的省略。
3. C 事情不象计划的那样好。完整句是：…as it was planned.
4. D but I ___是But I was a teacher 的省略。
5. C if ___.的完整表达是：If there were any poor provinces….
6. C I___,的完整表达是：I should have gone to Mike’s birthday party yesterday.
7. C 有50%的病人没有按医嘱吃药。完整表达是：as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine as they are directed by the doctors.
8. D not在guess; hope; believe; 等动词后面替代一个否定意义的宾语从句。
9. A ___ we fail to arrive there in time ？的完整句子是：What shall we do if we fail to arrive there in time ?
10. B when引导的时间状语从句，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中谓语部分有be时，可以省略句中的主语和be，本句中when后面省略了these products were.
二. 完型填空：
1. C James Wilson喜欢新鲜空气所以他总是开着窗户睡觉，甚至外面下雪的时候也是如此。
2. C 当他进入旅馆房间时
3. B 他发现窗户是关闭的，为抵御外面的寒气。Keep…out：把……挡在外面。
4. B 床的确很舒服，但他睡不着。
5. C 他无法忘记那扇紧闭的窗户。B选项指没有做成某件事。
6. D 没有新鲜空气！想到这简直太可怕了。
7. D 凌晨1点了，可他仍然醒这。
8. C 他有点生气了，窗户在哪呢？
9. B 他在那里找不到任何看上去像玻璃的东西。
10. C 玻璃被打碎的声音充斥着整个房间。
11. C 但对于Wilson来说，这声音就如同美妙的音乐一样。因为玻璃碎了，新鲜空气就可以进来了。
12. B （转天早晨）他醒了并闭着眼睛躺在床上。
13. C 有什么事令他担忧。
14. A 到底是什么事呢？
15. D 他想起了那扇打碎的玻璃，他得为此而赔偿（付钱），pay for：为…付钱.固定搭配。
16. B 他睁开眼睛望去，突然他吃惊地坐了起来。
17. C 玻璃完好无损。
18. B 根本就没有新鲜空气透过窗户进入到室内。
19. C 他把目光转向旁边。
20. B 看到一幅破损的画挂在墙上。
三. 阅读理解：
1. A. applause 鼓掌。根据第二段：He helped me up and I got small applause from my teammates. 他帮我站起来，我的队友给了我一点掌声。而B，C，D四个选项与句义不符。
2. B. 根据倒数第二段的内容，教练在鼓励作者坚持到底。You give it your all. 由句型give sb. sth. 演化而来。所以理解为：你已经尽全力了。
3. A. 从倒数第二段教练所说的 “You gave it your all. You deserved that trophy（战利品），not the silver medal. You deserve it, but he is getting it. You really won and the whole team is proud.” 可知教练在鼓励作者，认为作者的确显示了自己的力量。
4. C. 从文章结尾看，主人公失去了本赛季比赛中最后获胜的机会，但仍然带伤勇敢地返回赛场，充分显示了主人公的顽强意志。向世人展示了一名最优秀的运动员的品质。