高考英语单项填空题解

发布时间:2016-9-16编辑:互联网

命题的特点

高考英语强调语言功能的语境设计,即把语言的结构考查放在具体的语境中。充分体现语言的应用性交际性。“单项填空题的绝大部分都有明确的语境设置。几乎没有单靠记忆语法规则或词汇知识就能够做出正确选项的试题。

语境设计分析:

一 、注意时间空间因素

例1.(1999 - 24)

-Hey, look where you are going!

-Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ___________.

A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing.

C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice.

注解:你提醒我(失误)时,我才意识到那时没注意到你。用过去进行时。答案:A。

例2.(2000 - 20)

-How are you today?

-Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling

C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt

注解:很长时间我都没有感到病得像现在这样厉害。用现在完成时。答案:D。

例3. (2000 –13)

-You’ve left the light on.

-Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going

注解:灯现在还亮着, 我马上就去关灯。用将来时。答案:A。

例4.(2001 – 24)

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly.

A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change

注解:挑选买一部移动电话真不易,以为科技发展正飞速发展。用现在进行时。答案:A。

例5. (2002 - 23)

-You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brends. Do you like it?

-I’m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

A.wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say

注解:关键词是sooner:“提早,抢先”的意思。我很抱歉刚才还没有来得及说。用过去时。答案:D。

二、注意联系对比因素

例1.(2000 - 11)

It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, ______ if you don’t speak the language.

A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially

注解:“尤其” 是不会说外语,生活在国外是很难的。

例2.(2000 - 17)

Dorothy was always speak highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what.

注解:依结构和意义, 此处要用非限定性定语从句。而of course 的插入可能成为干扰项。答案为:B。

例3. (2001 - 25)

The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

注解:要判明上下文的逻辑关系进行对比分析: 即a new house 指的是it;而不是The Parkers(they);若没有but, 可选择which构成定语从句。答案为:B。

例4. (2001 - 33)

I was really anxious about you . You _____ home without a word.

A.mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

注解:我过去真的很为你担心,你那时本不应该一句话不说就离开家。答案为:B。(shouldn’t have done 表示“过去不该做”)

例5. (2002 - 25)

-Is John coming by train?

-He should, but he ______not. He likes driving his car.

A. must B. can C. need D. may

注解:在特定的情景中,使用情态动词;-是否坐火车来?-应该是,但他喜欢开车,也许就不坐火车了。因此答案为:D。

例6. (2002 - 35)

Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgettable moment, _____I will always treasure.

A. that B. one C. it D. what

译文:“这么多年后见到叔叔是一个很难忘的时刻,我非常珍惜这一时刻。”

注解:在结构认知上,考生,若填which,可构成非限定定语从句。多用句点或and连接起来, 让that 或it做treasure的宾语。该题的正确选项为one,one作为an unforgettable moment 的同位语;I will always treasure则作定语从句修饰one;关系代词that省去。

三、交际口语因素

例1. (2000 - 6)

-What about having a drink?

- _______.

A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Go ahead, please D. Me, too

注解:作为征求对方意见的口气:喝一杯好吗?回答应该是“好主意”。

例2. (2001 - 21)

-Good morning, Grand Hotel.

-Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the18th and 19th.

- ___________________.

A.What an I do for you B. Just a minute , please

C.What’s the matter D. At your service

注解:对话情景是要向宾馆预定18,19两晚的房间;回答应该是请稍后,而不可能是其他情景下的答语。干扰项是D。At your service.意思是随时为您服务。

干扰因素的命题设计

一 、 结构上的干扰

例1. (2002 - 24)

The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

A. who B. when C. how D. what

注解: as it happened 给考生造成干扰。译文: 玻璃杯打碎时母亲不在家,所以她不知道谴责谁。主要看空缺词后面的 “to blame”,从句意中理解所指的是谴责的对象,而不是指时间、如何、内容。答案为:A。

例2. (2002 - 34)

The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

译文:这项研究就这样定下了,一旦开始就无法改变。

注解:从结构看,该句有从句、被动、省略,增加了理解的难度。实际上可以将once begun 视为一固定表达,该句展开就是:Once it has begun, nothing can be done to change it. Once begun 是“一旦开始”的意思。又如:

Once done, we won’t regret doing so.

Once elected, he will move forward swiftly to set a new club.

例3. (2000 - 22)

The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

注解:过去分词在句中做see的宾语补足语,the plan 在句中是定语从句的先行词,在定语从句that they would like to see中做宾语。此句还原为:they would like to see the plan carried out 答案为:C。

二、意义理解上的干扰

例1.(2000 - 23)

-Why don’t we take a little break?

-Didn’t we just have______?

A. it B. that C. one D. this

注解:

理解语意:“我们为什么不休息一会儿?” “我们刚才不是休息过了吗?”

考查one 作为代词,代替 a little break。

例2. (2001 - 26)

We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ______very well.

A.worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried out

注解:work out 表示预期的结果。

I hope that the plan works out satisfactorily.

我希望那计划有令人满意的预期结果。

tried out :‘彻底实验’ ‘试出’;

went on: ‘继续’;

carried on:‘经营’、‘继续’ ;

work out 一般与plan 搭配。

要根据语篇中的不同情景,不断积累,进行词汇扩展, 熟记延伸常用解释;例如:

(1)Do you know how to work out the maths problem ? (算出)

(2)We have worked out a plan. (设计)

(3)That coal-miner will be worked out in two years. (开采完、耗尽)

三、思维定式上的干扰

例1. (2001 - 27)

The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.

A. from B. in C. of D. at

译文:装修家室用去了我仅有的时间。

注解:定势干扰项:in my spare time

干扰结构是:what little / there is

去掉文中的 what , there is 的干扰,可看出原句there is a little of my spare time;

have taken 后的受词what引导的是宾语从句, what little 取代a little 。

what little 表示仅有的一点(时间)

例2. (2002 - 22)

Excuse me for breaking in, ____I have some news for you.

A. so B. and C. but D. yet

译文:对不起我闯进来是有你的消息告诉你。

注解:定势干扰项可能为and,受汉语“和”、“而”的意思干扰。此题所设情景:after apologizing for what you’re about to say (用在致歉语后),要用but。

练 习

① Man seems to be reaching a point he has always dreamed of, _____ he will be the master of the world around him.

A. when B. which C. that D. what

②Andrew had a warm desire _____ the conversation might continue.

A. when B. which C. that D. what................(keys: ①A ②C)

③The accident is _____ fresh in my memory than when it happened.

A. little B. more C. no less D. without

这件事故我记忆忧新。

④It is a fact ____ different foods release their energy at different speed.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

事实是不同的事物以不同的速度释放能量。..............(keys: ③C ④B)

⑤There is a difference ____ only 10 o C between winter and summer.

A. in B. at C. of D. with

冬天和夏天只差10度。

⑥The internet brings people closer ___ around the world.

A. with B. from C. on D. through ..............(keys: ⑤C ⑥B)

⑦Niagara Falls is _____ the border between New York and Canada.

A. at B. in C. to D. on

尼亚加拉瀑布位于纽约和加拿大之间。

⑧Enough has been said ___ the matter.

A. through B. on C. in D. with

关于此事说得已经够多了。..........................(keys: ⑦D ⑧B)

⑨I am curious to know what there is _____those hills.

 A. over B. on C. beyond D. at

我极想知道山外的情况。

⑩ ____ you give it an inch, it will take a mile.

 A. If B. Although C. In case D. As long as

得寸进尺。.....................................(keys: ⑨C ⑩A)

⑾Courage is doing what you have to do _____ you are afraid.

A. In case B. even though C. as long as D. if

勇气和胆量就是你必须去做即使你认为做不到的事使之成为可能。

⑿Many, many times I thought about my last conversation with my father,____he was dying of cancer.

A. when B. how C. why D. since ..............(keys: ⑾B ⑿A)

⒀ Citizenship is the chance to ____ a difference to the place where you belong.

A. take B.make C. get D. tell

公民身份是你在异地所取得的居住资格。

⒁ What happens in the world makes us happy and sad ____.

A. by turns B. in deed C. in luck D. at once

世界的事情喜悲交替。............................(keys: ⒀B ⒁A)

⒂Wages are low ____ the cost of living.

A.because of B. as a result of C. in relation to D.according to

⒃I love the challenge of doing things people say _____.

A. must do B. needn’t be done C. should do D. cannot be done

我喜欢挑战人们说不能做的事情。...................(keys: ⒂C ⒃D)

⒄The holder of ____ title is still ____ mystery.

A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a

谁是犯案还是个谜。

⒅–What’s the matter?Why do you look so sad?

 -I ____about all the mistakes I’ve made in my life.

A. was just thinking B. thought C. have been thinking D. am thinking

................................................(keys: ⒄D ⒅A)

⒆ ____ all the possibilities, I really believe that I’d prefer to make any change now.

A. Considering B. Considered C. To consider D. Consider

⒇ ____, both sides politely exchanged the telephone numbers and cards rather than quarrelling with each other.

A. Fortunately B. Immediately C. Probably D. Unexpectedly .....(keys: ⒆A ⒇D)