教学内容：
第三单元 艺术与建筑
【Part 3 Typical Problems 典型欣赏】
1.The murder was brought in,with his hands behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D.tied
【题解】选D。此题考查非谓语结构作宾语补足语。hand与tie构成被动关系，宾语补足语应用过去分词形式，故将选项B排除。being tied是现在分词被动式，表示一个正在进行的被动动作，to be tied表示将来的趋向，均不符合题意。在这里过去分词tied表示状态。
2.Mr. Smith warned her daughter after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive
【题解】选A。动词warn后面的宾语补足语须用不定式，故将选项C、D排除。不定式的否定形式是在不定式之前加否定词，所以A为正确答案。
3.The missing boys were last seen near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
【题解】选A。be seen to do…“被看到做什么”，强调动作的全过程；be seen doing“被看到正在做什么”，强调动作正在进行。小孩丢了，不可能全过程被看到。
4. in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
【题解】选C。本题考查过去分词短语作状语。先排除D项，因为动词不定式含有将来的意味，与句意不符；又因he与lose构成被动的主谓关系，故应选择过去分词。
5.I hate when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
【题解】选A。此题考查非人称代词it的用法。it在此句中指代when引导的从句所述的内容。
6.-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
-I’m afraid day is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
【题解】选B。本题考查交际英语中I’m afraid后接 that从句表示不同意做某事或对做某事不敢苟同的委婉用法。先排除C，因为在星期一和星期二两者之间选择。再排除D，any应指三天或更长的时间。选项A是指这两天中的任意一天，显然与答语的前半部分矛盾。
7.Robert is said abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
【题解】选A。本题考查主语补足语的有关时态使用知识。be said后接动词不定式的完成式，表明非谓语动词的动作发生在be said之前，符合题意。
8.Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the;a B. /;a C. the;the D. /;the
【题解】选B。本题考查冠词的用法。由于kind是可数名词，又系泛指任何种类，故先排除C、D选项；又因为原句most animals系泛指，故第二个animals也应是泛指，不应有定冠词。
注意：不要以为animals被of短语修饰，前面就一定有定冠词，而应遵从语意和语境的需要。
9.As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
【题解】选A。本题四个选项均为过去分词，均可作got的表语，但词义是不同的。本句意思是：由于挤进了人群，我和朋友分开了。separate from为固定搭配，意为“把……和……分开”。
10. -You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda.Do you like it?
-I’m sorry I anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
【题解】选D。本题考查动词时态在交际用语中的用法。题中sooner的词义是做这道题的关键，这里表示“之前”的意思，故排除了B、C两个选项，因为一般现在时与一般将来时在此句中不符合要求；再排除A项，因为过去进行时在此句的逻辑与语意上均不符合要求。本题答语的意思是：很抱歉，我没早点说（你的新大衣）。我当然觉得你穿上它很漂亮啦。
【Part 4 Grammar Items 语法指南】
过去分词作宾语补足语
在第二单元我们讲述了过去分词作定语和表语，本单元我们来讲过去分词作宾语补足语，过去分词作宾补时通常用在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel等动词之后，在逻辑上与宾语构成被动关系或表示宾语的状态，请阅读下列句子。
（1）I often hear the song sung in English.
我经常听人用英语唱这首歌。
（2）He was trying to make himself understood.
他努力想让别人听懂他的话。
（3）She was glad to see her son taken good care of in the nursery.
她高兴地看到她的儿子在托儿所里受到好的照顾。
（4）Please get these photos developed by supper time.
请在晚饭前将这些照片冲洗出来。
（5）Being sick with fever,she left the food untouched.
由于她发烧，那食物她一点也没吃。
（6）His mother did not tell him because she wished the whole thing buried and forgotten.
他的母亲希望把事情全掩盖起来并忘掉，因此没有告诉他。
【注】在have/get sth. done的句型中，过去分词所表示的动作往往是别人做的。如：
（7）He’ll get his daughter X-rayed.
他将给他女儿做一次X光透析。
（8）Helen had her wallet stolen when she did shopping in a supermarked.
海伦在一家超市购物时钱包被偷了。
【语法专项训练】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.-Oh,dear,I smell something .
-God,my fish!
A. burnt B.burning C.burn D.is buring
2.The woman kept her eyes on her baby for quite some time.
A.to fix B.fixed C.fixing D.being fixed
3.I can’t understand you things like this to her.
A.to say B.say C.saying D.to have said
4.I’ll get my secretary the letter.
A.copy B.to copy C.copies D.copied
5.He did the right thing for some fresh air even in cold weather.
A.to keep the children from going out
B.to prevent the children from going out
C.to keep the children going out
D.to prevent the children going out
6.He tried to in Japanese.
A.understand himself B.make himself understanding
C.make himself understood D.make to understand
7.The boy lay on his back,with his hand on his breast.
A.clench B.clenched C.to clench D.clenching
8.Tired of the noise, .
A.he shut the door B.the door had been shut
C.he had shut the door D.the door was shut
9.The girl ,that is,she a shot.
A.was shot dead;died of;deathly B.shot at death;died for;dead
C.was shot to death;died from;deadly D.was shot deadly;dead of;dying
10.He looked at me with eyes.
A.question B.questioning
C.to question D.being questioned
【Part 5 Synchronous Test 同步测试】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.He sat in silence,and with one or two words.
A. when speaking speak B. when spoken spoke
C. when spoken to spoke D. when speaking to spoke
2.To Lu Xun, his pen is .
A. that a gun is to a soldier B. that a gun to a soldier
C. what a gun is to a soldier D. what a gun to a soldier
3.He was so careless that he left the work half and went to the cinema.
A. to finish B. finished C. finishing D. be finished
4. , but he came to the meeting.
A. Despite his illness B. Though he was ill
C. He was ill D. Being ill
5. he said was more than I .I stood up and left without a word.
A. That; stood B. What; could stand
C. All; would put up D. What; might stand
6.Travel and lectures my time,I had no time to spend with my family.
A. filled up B. filled up with
C. were filled up D. were filled up with
7.Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
8.Don’t worry,dear.I have already some money for the journey.
A. set aside B. set up C. set beside D. set back
9.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see next year.
A. carried out B. carry out C. carrying out D. to carry out
10.This is the motorbike I by Peter last week.
A. repaired B. had repaired C. had it repaired D. had repairing
11.Having passed all the tests,she felt a great weight off her mind.
A. taking B. take C. to be taken D. taken
12.What else have you done writing a composition this morning?
A. beside B. except C. besides D. but
13.When other architecture,this stadium looks more brilliant.
A. compared with B. compared at C. comparing with D. comparing to
14.This place is very quiet and no one will you here.
A. interrupt B. disturb C. hear D. see
15.A new has been introduced in language teaching. It helps a lot.
A. method B. advice C. suggestion D. example
16.We’ll have to finish the work, .
A. no matter how long does it take B. it takes however long
C. however long it takes D. however it takes long
17.The old doctor never failed to help is in need of his help.
A. who B. whom C. whomever D. whoever
18.A house built of stone lasts longer than one built of wood.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
19.The experiment they devoted themselves to at last.
A. succeed B. succeeding C. have succeeded D. succeeded
20.Yesterday I came across the man you think is to work with.
A. who;pleased B. whom;pleasant C. who;pleasant D. who;pleasure
21.Where is my pen?It seems .
A. to have lost B. to have missed
C. to be disappeared D. to have disappeared
22.The rocket a number of scientific instrument,including a television camera.
A. sends B. contains C. holds D. includes
23.Attention must be paid to science and technology.
A. develop B. developing C. development D. developed
24.“Why don’t you give up smoking, Mr. Wang.”“Oh,well,smoking is to me working to you.”
A. what B. that C. as D. like
25.I woke up to find in hospital.
A. myself lying B. myself to be C. me lying D. I am lying
26.You mustn’t fill the form a pencil,but ink.
A. in;in;in B. in;with;in C. with;in;in D. with;in;in
27.Tom the newpaper and handed it to me.
A. glanced at B. took a quick look at
C. took a glance at D. all the above
28.The old woman had a letter from her son in the army to her.
A. read B. write C. written D. received
29. other young men,he enjoys pop music.
A. Compared B. In common with C. Referred to D. Talking of
30.When I got home,I found the gas the door remained .
A. burned;locking B. burning;locking C. to burn;to lock D. burning;locked
Ⅱ.用下列词的适当形式填空
stand, develop, disturb, belong, fill, create, design, impress, atc, equal
1.Can anyone a better timetable?
2.His speech made quite an on the audience.
3.The use of computers in architectural design is an important .
4.Not a whisper the silence in the great round reading room.
5.The Paris fashion designers are showing their latest .
6.I’m glad to have something to up the evening.
7.Make sure you take all your when you leave the train.
8.We try to divide the work .
9.He as if he hadn’t heard any of it.
10.Don’t just by.Can’t you lend a hand.
Ⅲ.完形填空
The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.
-- Thomas Macaulay
Some thirty years ago,I was studying in a public school in New York.One day,Mrs. Nanette O’neill gave an arithmetic 1 to our class.When the papers were 2 she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the 3 mistakes throughout the test.
There is nothing really new about cheating in exams.Perhaps that was why Mrs. O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it.She only asked the twelve boys to 4 after class.I was one of the twelve.
Mrs.O’Neill asked 5 questions,and she didn’t scold us either.Instead,she wrote on the blackboard the 6 words by Thomas Macaulay.She then ordered us to 7 these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.
I don’t know about the other eleven boys.Speaking for 8 I can say:it was the most important single 9 of my life.Thirty years after being 10 to Macaulay’s words,they still seem to me the best yardstick,because they give us a 11 to measure ourselves rather than others.
12 of us are asked to make 13 decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle.But all of us are called 14 daily to make a great many personal decisions. 15 the wallet,found in the street,be put into a pocket 16 turned over to the policeman?Should the 17 change received at the store be forgotten or 18 ?Nobody will know except 19 .But you have to live with yourself,and it is always 20 to live with someone you respect.
( )1.A.text B. problem C. paper D. lesson
( )2.A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered
( )3.A. easy B. funny C. same D. serious
( )4.A. come B. leave C. remain D. apologize
( )5.A. no B. certain C. many D. more
( )6.A. above B. common C. following D. unusual
( )7.A. repeat B. get C. put D. copy
( )8.A. myself B. ourselves C. themselves D. herself
( )9.A. chance B. incident C. lesson D. memory
( )10.A. referred B. shown C. brought D. introuduced
( )11.A. way B. sentence C. choice D. reason
( )12.A. All B. Few C. Some D. None
( )13.A. quick B. wise C. great D. personal
( )14.A. out B. for C. up D. upon
( )15.A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Need
( )16.A. and B. or C. then D. but
( )17.A. extra B. small C. some D. necessary
( )18.A. paid B. remembered C. shared D. returned
( )19.A. me B. you C. us D. them
( )20.A. easier B. more natural C. better D. more peaceful
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched(草盖的)roof cottages around a church;a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white;the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings-these are still common sights in parts of England.Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.
Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles.Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings,it was once used for castles and churches,too.
Thatching is a solitary craft,which often runs in families.The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages.Over 800 full time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today,maintaining and reviewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.
In fact,if we look at developing countries,over half the world lives under thatch,but they all do it in different ways.People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buldings.However,they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary material.Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months.Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years,and is an effective defence against the heat.
1.Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?
A. Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.
B. Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.
C. Cottages with thatched roofs.
D. Churches with cottages around them.
2.What do we know about thatching as a craft?
A. It is a collective activity.
B. It is practised on farms all over England.
C. It is quite different from what it used to be.
D. It is in most cases handed down among family members.
3.Thatched houses are still preferred because of .
A. their style and comfort
B. their durability
C. their easy maintenance
D.their cheap and ready-made materials
4.People in developing countries also live under thatch because .
A. thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction
B. thatched roof houses are the cheapest
C. thatch is an effective defense against the heat
D. they like thatched houses better than other buildings
5.We can learn from the passage that .
A. thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times
B. thatching is a building craft first created by the the English people
C. the English people have a special liking for thatched houses
D. most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsides
B
Believe it or not,optical illusion(错觉)can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrous(人字形),painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are,and thus drvers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrous and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all total traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles,and bridges.
Some studies suggest that staight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
6.The passage mainly discusses .
A. a new way of highway speed control
B. a new pattern for painting highways
C. a new approach to training drivers
D. a new type of optical illusion
7.On roads with painted chevrons,drivers tend to feel that .
A. they should avoid speed-related hazards
B. they are driving in the wrong lane
C. they should slow down their speed
D. they are approaching the speed limit
8.The advantage of chevrons over straight,horizontal bars is that the former .
A. can keep drivers awake B. can cut road accidents in half
C. will have a longer effect on drivers D. will look more attractive
9.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Satety plans to .
A. try out the Japanese method in certain areas
B. change the road signs across the country
C. replace straight,horizontal bars with chevrons
D. repeat the Japanese road patterns
10.What does the author say about staight,horizontal bars painted across roads?
A. They are falling out of use in the United States.
B. They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.
C. They are applicable only on broad roads.
D. They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.
Ⅴ.单句改错
1. He preferred to stay home rather than going out.
2. Despite of what she says,I’ll go.
3. What he said was sounded reasonable.
4. The car is not only beautiful but also easy to be driven.
5. In some English-spoken countries,mengreet each other by raising their hats.
6. Finally he found a small chair to sit at the end of the hall.
7. You can’t move into the new room.It is painted.
8. It reported that they went abroad to collect money.
9. We hoped each other the best luck in the examination.
10. “Shall we go for a swim?”“I’ll be glad.”
Ⅵ.翻译填空
1. 她穿着很有品位。
She has excellent in .
2.尽管他病的很重，他还是来参加了会议。
He came to the meeting .
3.我警告他们不要去做，但无人理会。
I warned them not to do it,but my objections .
4.他第一部小说的灵感来自于他妻子。
His wife his first novel.
5.离开这个国家不是我所希望的。
It my wishes .
6.他有一些奇妙的想法。
He has some ideas.
Ⅶ.书面表达
某对外发行的画刊拟刊登一幅我国河北省赵县著名的赵州桥图片。请根据以下提示要点，为该图写一段文字介绍。
1.概况：隋朝时由李春设计建成，迄今已有1360多年的历史，是中国最古老的一座石拱桥。长50多米，宽9米多；
2.地理位置：河北省赵县城南5里；
3.建筑材料：全部用石料建成。大石拱用1000多块厚约30厘米，重约1吨的石块砌成。
4.其他情况：50年代进行了整修，参观者越来越多。
注意：（1）介绍必须包括所有要点，但不要逐条译成英语；
（2）词数为110个左右；
（3）题目自拟。
【Part 6 Outside Reading 课外阅读】
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurnishing older building.Obviously,this was not an entirely new phenomenon.What is new is the wholescale(大规模的)in reusing the past,in recycling,in adaptive rehabilitation(更新).A few trial efforts,such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco,proved their financial feasibility in the 1960’s,but it was in the 1970’s,with strong government support through tax incentives(机制)and rapid depreciation(贬值),as well as growing interest in ecology issues,that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market,designed in 1824.This section had fallen on hard times,but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately nearby,it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson.He has provided a marvelous(不可思议的)setting for dining,shopping,professional office,and simply walking.
San Antonio,Texas,offers a big object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay.Rather than bringing in the bulldozers(推土机),San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures,while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River,which runs through the business district.
【Part 7 Key and Hint 答案与提示】
Ⅰ.1.选C。本题主语带有两个并列的谓语动词，第一个是sat，第二个是and后的spoke,spoke前是一个带有连词when的过去分词短语。句意是“他默默地坐着，当人家对他说话时才讲一二个词”。据上，C为正确答案。
2.选C。英语中要表示A与B的关系时，可以用A is to B what C is to D这个结构，结合此结构看本题，题干中的To Lu Xun可以放在is的后面，根据上面所说的结构，我们可知正确答案应是C。
3.选B。本题题意是“他真是粗心，以致于活干了一半就去看电影了”，表示活干了一半，用动词leave时，后面应该跟过去分词作宾补，以表示宾语the work与finish之间是被动关系。故B项正确。
4.选C。从题中的并列连词but可知该句是一个并列句，故前半句用从句或分词，或介词短语都是结构错误，应该用一个完整的句子。因此，C项的He was ill才是正确选择。
5.选B。根据题意，表示“所说的话”，应该用what；表示“忍耐”，动词应该用stand或put up with，并加上情态动词could，表示“能忍耐的限度”。据上，B为正确选项。
6.选A。本题的题意是“旅游和讲学占据了我的全部时间，表示“占据”“挤满”用fillup，在本题中主谓是主动关系，故C、D可排除，B项的fill up with，是“占据”之意，句中的time是fill up的宾语，而不是with的宾语，故B不妥。
7.选D。本题结构同第2题，应填what。
8.选A。本题主要是区别几个set短语，题意表示的是存了一些钱作旅行用，set up意为“建立”；set beside意为“放在旁边”；set back“有倒退”之意，均不合题意。
9.选A。本题的关键是弄清句子结构，需要选择的是plan的宾语补足语，plan后面带了一个that引导的定语从句，但该定语从句与plan的宾补无关，由于plan与carry out之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。本句构成see sth. done的结构。
10.选B。本题也是句子结构问题，题意是“这就是我上周请彼得修的摩托车。”题中用了have sth. done的结构，由于该结构用在定语从句中，have的宾语sth.就是已省略了的关系代词，所以用had repaired,而不是had it repaired。
11.选D。本题中宾语weight与宾补take off之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，意思是“通过了考试，她感动心里的石头被搬走了”。
12.选C。本题主要是区别except与besides。从题中的else可以看出，题目问的是除了写作文还做了什么，换言之写作文与做别的事都是上午做的，故应该用besides，不应用except。
13.选A。本题是连词+过去分词的形式作状语，相当于一个状语从句，在这种结构中主语与分词的逻辑主语是一致的。从题中可以看出，主语stadium与分词compare之间应为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
14.选B。本题题意是“这地方很安静，没有人会打扰你”。表示“打扰”时，动词interrupt与disturb很容易搞混。其区别在于前者表示“打断（某人的谈话）”，“使活动中断”，而后者意为“打扰”“打乱”。从题意来看，并非是打断谈话或活动之意，而是无人打扰，故用disturb。
15.选A。本题主要是区别几个名词，从题意看，是引进了一种新的外语教学方法，而不是“建议”或“例子”，故应该用method。
16.选C。本题需要选择的是一个状语从句，意思是“不管要多长时间，我们都必须完成这项工作，可用no matter how long或however long来引导该状语从句，由于A项语序错误，故选C。
17.选D。本题需要搞清楚的是help后带的是一个宾语从句，而不是一个代词的宾格，故B、C两项可排除。根据题意，那位医生愿帮助任何一个需要他帮助的人，故用whoever。相当于anyone who，而不是who，who是疑问代词，与句意不符。
18.选A。本题要考查冠词的用法。在题意中虽然表示的是泛指，但不定代词one前若无形容词修饰时，不用不定冠词。
19.选D。本题的关键在于搞清楚句子结构，句中主语是experiment,they devoted themselves to是定语从句，介词to的宾语是省略了的关系代词，故需要选择的是一个谓语动词，与介词to无关。从句意来分析，应是过去式，可用succeeded。
20.选C。本题中you think是定语从句中的插入语，关系代词应作定语从句的主语，又因表示和某人一起工作愉快是pleasant,pleased是表示心理状态的，pleasure是名词，均不合题意和句子结构。
21.选D。本题主要是区别lose,miss和disappear，作“丢失”解释时，lose为及物动词，当主语是某物时，应该用被动式，miss应使用现在分词形式，disappear是不及物动词，是正确选择，但由于该动作发生在谓语动作之前，故在seem之后应该用不定式的完成式。
22.选B。本题主要是区别contain和include，前者意为“包含”“含有”，后者着重“被包含者是整体的一部分”之意，从题意看，是指火箭上有很多科学仪器，是把火箭作为整体而言，故用contain。
23.选B。题中将pay attention to这个词组变成了一个被动语态，该词组中的to为介词，后接动词-ing形式，故选developing。
24.选A。本题结构同第二题和第七题，用A is to B what C is to D这个结构来表示吸烟与我的关系相当于工作与你的关系，表示他不愿戒，根据上述结构，应选择what。
25.选A。此处find的宾语与主语为同一个人，故应该用反身代词，又宾语与作宾补的动词lie为主动关系，故lie用现在分词形式。
26.选B。表示填写，用动词词组fill in；用某种书写工具填写时，介词可用with，但当该书写工具为抽象名词时，即该书写工具前无冠词或其他修饰语时，应该用介词in，如我们可以说write with a pen也可以说write in pen。前者是具体的名词，后者是抽象名词，根据本题的意思和结构，B为正确选择。
27.选D。表示“看一眼”，可以用glance at，也可以用take a glance at，也可以用take a look at，故本题A、B、C均可，据上，D为正确答案。
28.选C。本题的宾语是letter，而不是her son或army，其与宾补动词write之间为被动关系，故用write的过去分词written来作宾语补足语。
29.选B。本题题意是“和其他年轻人一样，他喜欢流行音乐”。表示“和……一样”，用in common with。compare with表示“比较”，refer to意为“参考”，都与题意不符。
30.选D。本题主要考查分词作宾语补足语。gas与burn之间为主动关系，即表示到家时，煤气还在燃烧，故用现在分词形式；而door与lock之间为被动关系，即门被锁着，故lock要用过去分词。据上分析，D为正确答案。
Ⅱ.1.design 2.impression 3.development 4.disturbed 5.creations 6.fill 7.belongings 8.equally 9.acted 10.stand
Ⅲ.1.选A。由第一段的大意及下文的the papers和the test两个词，即可推断出A为正确答案。
2.选C。mark是“批卷”“打分”的意思。从下文“she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the…mistakes throughout the test.”可知，只有批改完试卷才能发现问题。
3.选C。从下文的叙述可知，老师批完卷发现在试卷中十二位男同学犯了同样的错误。
4.选C。由下文的after class可知，老师是叫这十二位同学留下来。
5.选A。从下文“She didn’t…either.”可知，上文也是否定的意思。
6.选A。老师写在黑板上的话就是本文开头所引用的话，故用above。
7.选D。联系上下文可知，老师让“我们”将这句名言在练习本上抄写100遍。
8.选A。从前一句“I don’t know about the other eleven boys.”可知。
9.选C。lesson的意思是“教训”，符合文意。
10.选D。“我”是从老师那里第一次知道那句名言，故用introduce。
11. 选A。本句意思为：“因为这些话给我们提供了衡量自己而不是别人的方法”。
12. 选B。由下一句中“But all of us…”可得到提示，前后两句形成明显的对比。few和all之间用but表示转折。
13.选C。由下文“make a great many personal decision”可知。make great decisions意思是“作出重大决定”。
14.选D。call upon/on sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”；call out表示“招呼某人出来”；call up表示“打电话”；call for虽然有“要求”的意思，但不能与不定式构成复合结构。
15.选A。下一句就是提示。
16.选B。or表示选择。
17.选A。从下文中“forgotten”可知，这里谈的是“多找的零钱”。
18.选D。联系上一题可知，作者要说的是：商店多找的零钱是该忘记还是该退还？
19.选B。作者要说的是：上述事情除了你自己，没有别人知道。
20.选C。由上文意思可知。
Ⅳ.1.选C。文章第一段对英国乡村的种种描写都围绕着毛草屋顶进行，尤其是最后一句：Most pople will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.说明茅草屋顶是英国乡村的魅力所在，故选C。
2.选D。文章第二、三段详细介绍了屋顶盖茅草技术在英国的运用。由第二段第二句可知，茅草既用来盖农舍，也曾用来盖城堡和教堂。因此B不对。由第三段第一句和第二句可知，盖茅草屋顶是一种独特的手艺，通常在家庭内部相传。而且自中世纪以来基本未变。由此判断A、C与内容不符。
3.选A。由文章第三段最后一句可知，房主选择茅草盖顶，不仅出于美观（style），还因为它冬暖夏凉（comfort）。
4.选B。文章第四段说：发展中国家的人们没钱买现代建筑材料，因而只能住在以草盖顶的茅草屋里。由此推断，他们住茅草屋的原因是其造价低廉。
5.选C。根据第三段所述，在英国现存的茅草屋有些是在原有的基础上加以整修，有些是新盖的。因此不能说是古代传下来的，故A不对。B、D的表述在文章中没有提及。由本文主题可推断，茅草屋美观、舒适，因而备受青睐。
6.选A。诵读本文可知，本文主要是讲述通过在路上漆上各种图形来使司机产生错觉，从而控制车速，来减少交通事故。
7.选C。由第一段中Bent stripes,called chevrons,…that they are driving faster than they really are,and thus drivers slow down可知答案。
8.选C。由文章最后两段可知，straight,horizontal bars一开始很有效果，可以使司机的行驶速度减至原来的一半，但是过了几个月，司机对这些图形熟悉之后，就不再有效了，相比之下，人字形有更长久的效果，因为这种图形总使他们感到自己在超速行驶，并觉得道路比实际的要窄。
9.选A。由第二段可知，美国也要在特定的道路上采用日本的做法，以观其效，故A项符合题意。
10.选B。由文章倒数第二段内容可知答案。
Ⅴ.1.going→go。rather than后应接动词原形，故应将going改为go。
2．去掉of.despite是介词，后面不用of。
3．去掉was。sound意为“听起来”，是连系动词，没有被动语态，应将was删去。
4．to be driven→to drive。不定式drive与car之间有一种逻辑上的动宾关系，故不应该用被动式，应将to be driven改为to drive。
5.English-spoken→English-speaking。讲英语的国家，应说English-speaking countries。
6.在sit后加on。sit是不及物动词,to sit作定语修饰chair时，应加上介词on。
7.pained→being painted。句意是“你不能搬进新房，正在粉刷”，应该用现在进行时态的被动语态，应改成It is being painted.
8.在It后加is。表示“据报道……”应该是It is reported.
9.hoped→wished。动词hope只表示希望，不能表示祝愿，表示祝愿应该用wish。
10.在glad后加to。be glad后应接不定式符号to，不定式动词可省去，但其符号to不可省去。
Ⅵ.1.taste;dress 2.despite his serious illness 3.were set aside 4.inspired 5.goes against;to leave this country 6.fantastic
Ⅶ.
Oldest Stone Arch Bridge in China
Five li south of the city of Zhao County in Hebei Province,there is a stone arch bridge called Zhaozhou Bridge.
Zhaozhou Bridge is over 50 meters long and 9 meters wide.It was designed by Li Chun and built in Sui Dynasty.As the oldest stone arch bridge in China,it has a long history of more than 1360 years up to now.It was entirely built with stone.The big stone arch is made up of more than 1000 stones,each of which is 30 centimeters thick and weighs one ton.
It was rebuilt in the 1950s.Old Zhaozhou Bridge has taken on a new look ever since.As more and more people come to visit it,the bridge becomes more famous both at home and abroad