Unit 1 Good Friends
学习要点
通过本单元的学习, 了解如何谈论朋友及朋友的真正含义。同时学习有关间接引语的语法知识。
[词汇]
funny: causing amusement; laughter
smart: having or showing intelligence; clever
describe: say what sb./sth is like
loyal: true and faithful
express: show or make known (a feeling, an opinion, etc) by words, actions, etc
imagine: form a mental image of sth.
survive: continue to live or exist, though nearly being killed or destroyed
list: make a list of things
compass: device (装置) for finding direction, with a needle that points to magnetic north
crash: fall or strike sth. Suddenly and noisily
land: reach the ground after a jump or fall
deserted : with no one present
challenge: difficult, demanding task
realize: be fully aware (明白的) of or accept sth. as a fact; understand
suppose : accept as true or probable; believe; imagine
parachute: device for making people or objects fall slowly and safely when dropped from a plane
pal: friend
[短语和句型]
[日常交际用语]
What should a good friend be like? 好朋友该是什么样的人呢?
What’s your opinion? 你有什么见解？
重点、难点解析
1. What should a good friend be like? 好朋友该是什么样的人呢?
be like 象……样子 (既可用来询问人的外貌特征又可用来询问人的品格)
---What is Tom like?
---He’s tall. / He’s a very smart boy.
注意比较: look like这个短语一般只用来问人的外貌特征。 如:
---What does Miss White look like?
---Cool! She has got two big beautiful eyes.
2. What qualities should a good friend have? 好朋友该具备那些特点呢?
quality (n.) 质量; 性质; 品质;特点, 特性
He bought his wife a watch of good quality. 他给妻子买了一块质量很不错的手表。
This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either. 这种新型号质量非常好,而且也不贵。
Tim has qualities of leadership. Tim具有领导才能。
3. loyal (adj.) 忠实的;忠诚的
I’m a loyal fan of Tom hanks. 我是Tom Hanks的忠实影迷。
He’s a loyal supporter of the Green Peace organization. 他是绿色和平组织的忠实拥护者。
loyal 一词常和介词to搭配使用
We should be/stay loyal to our motherland. 我们应该忠诚于自己的祖国。
He didn’t stay loyal to his army and told everything to the enemy.
他背叛了自己的军队,把一切都告诉了敌人。
4. A good friend is someone who makes me happy. 好朋友是使我快乐的人。
make sb. adj.
His words made everybody in the room happy. 他的话使屋里的人都很高兴。
We’d better stop talking about it or he’ll be made sad. 咱们别谈论这事了，要不该让他伤心了。
make sb. do sth 让某人干某事
The teacher made us memorize 100 English words a day. 老师让我们一天记住个100单词。
注意这个句式的被动语态应该在do前加上to. 所以上面的句子若改写成被动句则应为:
we are made to memorize 100 English words a day.
类似的短语还有: see/hear/find sb. do sth. 如:
He was seen to steal the money on the table. 有人看到他偷了桌子上的钱。
注意see/hear/find这类的词还可以跟see/hear sb. doing sth.的句式,但在变为被动时不用加to,保留doing的形式即可。 如:
I heard him quarrelling with his wife. 我听到他正和妻子吵架。
He was heard quarrelling with his wife.
5. Imagine that you are alone on an island. 设想就你一个人在一个岛屿上。
imagine (vt.) 想象, 设想
Imagine a house with a big garden.设想一个带有大花园的房子。
Imagine that you are the winner of the lottery. 想象一下你是彩票大奖的得主。
Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity?
你能想象出生活中没有电是什么样子吗？
imagine doing sth. 想象, 设想
She imagined marrying a rich man. 她想象嫁一个有钱人的情景。
I imagine travelling around the world and tasting all the tasty foods in different countries.
我想象着周游世界，尝遍各国美食的情景。
imagine…to…以为, 认为; 幻想
Don't imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要以为自己总是对。
She imagines herself to be a true artist. 她幻想自己成了一个真正的艺术家
6. You have to survive without friends… 你要在没有朋友的情况下生存下来 ……
survive (vi).大难不死；死里逃生 / 在…之后还活着
Few survived after the flood. 洪水过后，生还者极少。
The man was very ill, but he survived. 这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。
survive的名词为survival幸存; survivor幸存者
The man's survival was surprising, as the doctors thought he would die.
这个人能活下来真是出人意外，因为医生们认为他必死无疑。
She is the only survivor in the flood. 她是洪水中的唯一幸存者
7. List the three most useful items…列举出三样你认为最重要的东西……
list (vt.) 列出名单
I listed the things I wanted to buy. 我把要买的东西列了个单子。
He listed the people he hated. 他列出了他所恨的人名单。
make a list (n.) of…
You’d better make a list of the things you need. 你最好把所需要的东西列个清单。
8. Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Tom Hanks扮演一位名叫Chuck Noland的人。
play a man…扮演……
He played the prince in the play. 他在剧中扮演王子。
She is always dreaming of playing a character in a movie.她总是梦想着能在一部电影里演个角色。
9. Chuck Noland is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
Chuck Nolnad是一个商人，总是忙得不可开交，几乎抽不出时间给朋友。
so…that…如此……以至……
He is so clever that nobody can match him. 他十分聪明，无人能敌。
It is so hot here that we can’t bear it any more. 这让我们热得受不了。
注意当that后的句子是否定句时，通常可以用too…to… (太……而不能……) 改写。
The book is so difficult that we can not understand it. 这本书太难了,我们都看不懂。
The book is too difficult for us to understand.
10. He is a successful manager… 他是个成功的经理人……
successful (adj.) 成功的
He is a successful businessman. 他是个成功的商人。
success (n.) 成功
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
成功之人；成功的事 (抽象名词具体化)
If you want to be a success in study you must be hardworking. 如果你想在学习上获得成功,你必须刻苦。
He was not a success as a headmaster. 就作校长而言, 他不是一个成功者。
The conference was a success. 大会开得很成功。
succeed (vi.) succeed in doing sth.
He succeeded in passing the MBA examination. 他成功得通过了MBA考试。
We succeeded in helping him out of danger. 我们成功得把他从危险中解救出来。
11. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天Chuck正乘飞机飞跃太平洋，突然飞机失事了。
when (rel adv.) 就在这/那时；突然
They were talking with delight when one of them said he must leave.
他们正谈得高兴，突然其中一个说要走。
They were walking towards their village when suddenly some gangsters stopped them and asked for money. 他们正朝村子走, 这时忽然有歹徒拦住了去路索要钱财。
crash (vi.) 通常用来表示飞机失事或汽车相撞
The cars crashed into each other. 小汽车轰然相撞。
Just a few seconds, the plane crashed. 仅几秒钟的时间飞机就坠毁了。
crash (n.)
It was not long before a helicopter arrived on scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
不久，一架直升飞机飞到现场，来营救飞机失事的幸存者。
12. Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island where there are no people. Chuck 在坠机事件中幸存下来，登上了一个荒芜人烟的岛屿。
land (vi./vt.) 登陆/使着陆
The plane will land in five minutes. 飞机将在五分钟后降落。
We landed safely. 我们安全着陆了。
The pilot landed the plane. 飞行员将飞机着陆。
The ship landed the goods at Shanghai. 船在上海卸货。
deserted (adj.) 荒芜的, 荒废的, 为人所弃的
a deserted house 被离弃的房子
a deserted wife 遭遗弃的妻子
13. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 或许最大的挑战就是如何在没有朋友帮助的情况下得以生存。
challenge (n.) 挑战
This examination is a real challenge. 这次考试是一次真正的挑战。
Do you want a challenge? 你想来次挑战吗？
(vt.)向…挑战；邀请比赛
Their school challenged ours to a football match. 他们学校向我们学校挑战，要进行足球比赛。
The new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项新发现向传统观念提出了异议。
14. He realizes that he hasn’t been a good friend… 他意识到自己一直没能算得上是别人的好朋友……
realize/realise (vt.) 认识到, 了解; 实现；实行
He has realized his mistake 他已经认识到了自己的过错 。
She realized her dream of becoming an actress. 她实现了当演员的梦想。
realization (n.)
15. …he becomes fond of Wilson… 他开始喜欢Wilson了
become/be fond of…特别喜爱…
I am not fond of eating meat. 我不喜欢吃肉。
He became fond of police and bandit movies. 他开始喜欢上警匪片了。
16. He talks to wilson and treats him as a friend. 他和Wilson交谈，把Wilson视为朋友。
treat (vt.) 对待；使用
He treated the animal cruelly. 他残忍地对待这只动物。
Glass must be treated carefully. 玻璃必须小心使用。
treat…as…视为，以为； 治疗
He treated his mistake as a joke. 他把他的错误当作玩笑看待。
She treated those kids as her own. 她把那些孩子视为亲生。
A doctor’s job is to treat an illness医生的工作就是治病。
17. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow. Chuck知道了我们需要有朋友来和我们同甘共苦。
share (vt.) 分享,共有
We shared the sweets. 我们分吃了糖果。
They share their joys and sorrows. 他们同甘共苦。
share sth. with sb. 把某事告诉别人
He shared the story with us. 他给我们讲了这个故事。
I’d like to share my experience with you. 我愿意把我的经历告诉你们。
18. Most of our friends are human beings… 我们所交的大多数朋友都是人类
human being (n.) 人类; 一个人
a fine human being. 一个好人
we’re all human beings. 我们都是人。
19. The lesson we can learn from Chuck… 我们从Chuck身上所能吸取的教训……
lesson (n.) 功课, (一节)课; 教训
We had a history lesson at school this morning. 我们今天早上在学校上了一堂历史课。
I gave two lessons this morning. 今天上午我给学生上了两节课。
Sally taught Jack a lesson. / Jack learned a lesson from Sally. Sally教训了Jack一顿。
20. Imagine that four people were on board an airplane that was crashing. 假设有四个人在一架即将坠毁的飞机上。
go/be on board (the plane/ship) 在船上，在公共交通工具内
We went on board the ship. 我们登上了轮船。
We felt uneasy to hear that one of the passengers on board was suffering SARS.
听说船/飞机上有人得非典，我们深感不安。
21. Many people keep dogs as pets because dogs are regarded as… 许多人养宠物狗，因为他们把狗视为……
regard (vt.) 看待；对待 regard sb. (to be/as) … 把……视为……
We regard Bill Gates (to be / as) a hero in the world of software.我们视Bill Gates为软件界的英雄。
He was regarded (to be/as) a rising star. 他被人们看作正在冉起的明星。
22. She said that she would try to finish reading the book by the end of this week. 她说周末之前看完这本书。
finish (vt.) finish sth./ doing sth
Have you finished your report? 你写完报告了吗?
He has finished playing the violin. 他已经拉完小提琴了.
23. Why were you so excited today? 你今天怎么这么兴奋呀？
excite (vt.) 使激动；使兴奋
The news excited everybody in the dorm. 消息鼓舞了宿舍里的每个人。
excite 有两种形式的形容词: exciting和excited
exciting: 令人兴奋的, 使人激动的 (用来形容事物本身让人感到兴奋)
The game is exciting. 这比赛令人激动。
The movie is exciting. 那电影让人兴奋。
excited激动的；兴奋的 (用来形容人的感觉)
I feel excited at the news. 听到这消息，我很兴奋。
The excited children were opening their presents. 孩子们兴奋地拆开他们的礼物。
类似还有如下的词汇：
interesting/interested surprising/surprised disappointing/disappointed scaring/scared…
注意这两种形容词形式在修饰同一名词时所表达的含义是不同的。 如：
excited voice是指讲话者在讲话时情绪激动，兴奋
exciting voice是指说话人的声音让别人听到之后令别人感到激动，兴奋
a disappointed boy 是指这男孩本人因为什么事情感到很失望
a disappointing boy 是指这男孩的表现令别人感到失望
24. Suppose you are on an island with Chuck… 假设你和Chuck一起在一个岛屿上……
suppose (常与that连用）认定；猜想
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想什么？
Suppose he doesn’t allow you to do it. 假如他不准你那么做。
be supposed to do sth. 应该；准；允许
We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不准我们在星期日踢足球。
The train is supposed to arrive in half an hour. 火车应该半小时后到。
25. But what is an e-pal or key pal? 但什么是e-pal或key pal呢？
pal (n.) (口语) 朋友
We’ve been pals for years. 我们是多年的朋友。
Dad, I’ve got several e-pals. 爸，我有几个网友。
注意这里的e-的原形词是electronic. 它的意思是电子的。其他词汇如下：
e-mail (electronic-mail) 电子邮件
e-journal 电子出版物,电子杂志
e-zine 电子杂志
e-card 电子贺卡
26. If you are interested being friends, drop me a line. 如果你有兴趣交朋友的话, 请写信给我.
drop sb. a line 的意思是write to sb.
27. I admit I made a mistake. 我承认犯了个错误.
admit (vt.) (admitted/admitted) 承认
He admitted his crime. 他招认了罪行。
He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。
John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。
28. What’s your opinion? 你什么意见?
opinion (n.) 意见, 看法
He asked his father's opinion about his plans. 他征求爸爸对他的计划的意见。
In my opinion, you're wrong. 依我看，你错了。
29. If you please…要是你乐意的话……
please (vt.) 使高兴；使喜欢；取悦
I am pleased that you have a new job. 我很高兴你有了一个新工作。
He is pleased with his new job. 他对自己的新工作很满意。
(vi.) 选择；喜欢
Come and stay as long as you please. 来吧！你喜欢住多久就住多久。
Come and play baseball with us, if you please. 要是你乐意就和我们一起打棒球吧.
基础题解析
---What does your best friend look like?
---He’s ___.
A. smart B. kind C. tall D. rude
【解析】答案为C。 记住be like 即可用来询问外貌特征又可用来询问人的品质而look like一般是用来询问外貌特征的，所以选C。
He is loyal ___ his company.
A. for B. in C. at D. to
【解析】答案为D。 考查短语be loyal to…
Tom makes us ___.
A. to be happy B. happy C. be happy D. being happy
【解析】答案为B。考查短语make sb. adj.
易错题解析
1. He was running the red light ___ a policeman stopped him.
A. then B. when C. while D. as
【解析】答案为 B。 when在本句中的意思为“突然”或“就在这时”。
2. Bob was made ___ the classroom all by himself.
A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned
【解析】答案为C。此题是考查make sb. do sth 这一句式的被动形式。记住变被动时要加上to。
3. Can you tell me ___ tomorrow?
A. what’s the weather going t be like B. what the weather is going to be like
C. how the weather is going to be like D. how is the weather going to be like
【解析】答案为B。此题考查间接引语。间接引语问题要注意两点：1.语序 2.时态 此题没有涉及到时态问题，而只是语序问题。间接引语中要使用陈述语序，故可排除A、D两项。句中的like为介词，故排除C项。
高考题解析
1. I can hardly imagine Peter ___ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET.91)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
【解析】答案为C。 imagine 后的宾语应该接动名词而不是其他形式。句中的 Peter一词称为sailing的逻辑主语，可以用所有格形式Peter’s也可以用普通形式Peter。
2. He asked ___ for the violin. (NMET.92)
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
【解析】答案为D。考查间接引语的语序问题。
3. You can’t imagine ___ when they received these nice Christmas presents. (上海.94.)
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
【解析】答案为B。how作为宾语从句的连词时，若有修饰部分，应将“how + 所修饰部分”一起放在从句句首，形成“主句 + how + 所修饰部分 + 主语 + 谓语”句许序。
本单元综合训练
I. 单项选择
1. ---It’s beautiful day, isn’t it?
---___?
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, isn’t it C. No, it is D. No, it isn’t
2. The river is regarded ___ one of the cleanest rivers in the area.
A. being B. as being C. to be D. be
3. Have you finished ___ the letter?
A. type B. to type C. typed D. typing
4. ---My father will be here tomorrow.
---Oh, I thought that he ___.
A. was coming B. is coming C. will come D. comes
5. She is ___ at the ___ news.
A. exciting/excited B. excited/excited C. exciting/exciting D. excited/exciting
6. The movie was ___ boring ___ I couldn’t bear it any more.
A. too/that B. too/to C. so/to D. so/that
7. I was leaving the room ___ it began to rain.
A. then B. while C. so D. when
8. Sally is fond ___ light music.
A. of B. for C. at D. in
9. The boss treated his employees ___ his brothers and sisters.
A. be B. as C. being D. as to be
10. Betty ___ a lesson from the accident.
A. taught B. gave C. learned D. made
11. Judy was made ___ her dog’s shit.
A. clean B. cleaned C. cleaning D. to clean
12. Come and join us if you ___.
A. pleased B. please C. pleasing D. be pleased
13. He is ___ but he never feels ___.
A. lonely/alone B. lonely/lonely C. alone/lonely D. alone/alone
14. He wore a respirator (口罩) in public places in order ___ SARS.
A. to catch B. not to catch C. to catching D. not to catching
15. Mr. Brave felt ___ when he learned his next-door neighbor was a SARS patient.
A. scaring B. scared C. to scare D. be scared
16. If you are interested in being friends, drop me a line. “Drop me a line” means ___.
A. talk to me B. write to me C. give me a call D. ring me
17. Being friends, we ___ treat each other genuinely (真诚地).
A. are suppose to B. suppose to C. are supposed to D. supposed to
18. ---would you like to have a swim with us?
---I will ask my parents ___.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
19. You have no idea ___ those days.
A. that we were how busy B. how busy were we
C. that how we were busy D. how busy we were
20. He asked ____.
A. what is the matter B. what was the matter
C. what the matter is D. what the matter was
II. 完形填空
One day a mother rat and her babies were out in an open field. They were playing and having a wonderful time __21__ suddenly a hungry cat came on the scene! It hid __22__ a big tree and some time later, __23__ forward through the tall grass __24__ it could almost hear the rats talking. __25__ the mother rat and her babies knew __26__ was happening, the hungry cat __27__ from his hiding place and started to run __28__ them.
The mother rat and her babies all __29__ right sway. They hurried towards __30__ home, which was under some large stones. __31__ frightened were the baby rats that they could not run very __32__. Closer and closer the cat came. In __33__ time the cat would be upon __34__. What was to be done?
Then the mother rat stopped running her way suddenly, __35__ round and faced the cat, __36__ “Wow! Wow!” just like __37__ dog. The cat was so surprised and __38__ that it ran away at once.
The mother rat turned to her babies, “Now you see __39__ important it is to learn __40__ second language!”’
21. A. when B. nearly C. of course D. then
22. A. by B. on C. between D. behind
23. A. looked B. jumped C. stole D. climbed
24. A. when B. before C. until D. while
25. A. Before B. After C. As D. If
26. A. where B. when C. what D. how
27. A. jumped B. was jumping C. would jump D. had jumped
28. A. over B. on C. after D. before
29. A. afraid B. ran away C. looked up D. surprised
30. A. X B. to C. for D. their
31. A. Very B. So C. Much D. Too
32. A. soon B. hardly C. quick D. fast
33. A. a little B. little C. no D. a short
34. A. that B. it C. them D. him
35. A. turned B. turning C. to turn D. turn
36. A. said B. shouted C. saying D. shouting
37. A. a hungry B. an angry C. the running D. was a
38. A. pleased B. excited C. frightened D. sad
39. A. what B. very C. how D. just
40. A. the B. your C. other D. a
III. 阅读理解
“In the old days,” as one wife said, “the husband was the husband and the wife was the wife. Husbands each had their own way of going on. The wives’ jobs were to look after them. The wives wouldn’t stand for it nowadays. Husbands help with the children now. They stay more in the home and have more interest in the home.” We shall give some examples of what husbands do, firstly, in sharing work with their wives, and secondly, in their largely independent (独立的) domain (领域) of house repairs.
Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals and emptying the rubbish, act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day. Mr. Hummond washed up the dishes every night and lays breakfast for the morning. Mr. Clark said that on Sunday morning he usually hovered (吸尘) around for her while she did a bit of washing. Mr. Davis polished the floors and helps to make the beds at the weekends, and during the week takes the dog out for one of his twice daily walks. So it goes on…
41. The words “act as assistants to their wives” means that ___.
A. husbands really play around
B. husbands are paid by their wives
C. husbands help their wives
D. husbands look after their children
42. In the first paragraph one wife’s words mean that ___.
A. before liberation men stayed at home all day
B. in the past, there was a clear division of roles in the family
C. in the past, most boys and girls were married
D. before liberation, wives and husbands lived alone
43. What does Mr. Davis do at the weekends?
A. He clean the floors and makes the bedclothes tidy
B. He reads plays around and odes the weekly shopping
C. He hangs about and sweeps beds out of wood
D. He takes the dog out for a walk
44. In the past, the women’s main jobs were to ___.
A. take the children to school
B. take care of their husbands
C. do the washing up
D. did the garden
45. The passage is mainly about ___.
A. the division of husbands, wives and dogs
B. how to get on well with husbands and wives
C. the relationship between husbands, wives and children
D. the relationship between husbands, wives today
IV. 短文改错
Tim was quiet, serious man. He had studied very hard 46. ____________
all year. When he had been passed his examination, 47. ____________
his friend Bob went to see him and have a friendly 48. ____________
talk with him. “You’ve never gone to a dance, Tim” 49. ____________
he said. “You’ve worked hard for these days. Come out 50. ____________
with me this evening. Just for a change.” 51. ____________
“Maybe you are right, Bob.” Replied Tim before thinking 52. ____________
for a moment. So they went to dance but had a 53. ____________
good time. But Tim drank too many. Bob 54. ____________
was worried him and took him to his room. 55. ____________
V. 书面表达
根据提示，以 “How to learn English well? ”为题写一篇小短文
提示：1。有的同学认为，只要掌握语法规则和尽可能多记单词，就能学好英语。2。你不完全同意他们的看法，你认为只记单词是不够的。必须通过实践、也就是通过听说读写来学习英语。 3。怎样才能多用英语呢，在课内外我多讲，平时尽可能多读多听，用英语记日记、写信、写小故事等都很有用。
( 参考词汇: grammar rules /It is not enough (for sb) to do sth / learn…sth by heart / do good to sb )
参考答案：
本单元综合训练
I. 单项选择
1-5 BCDAD 6-10 DDABC 11-15 DBCBB 16-20 BCCDB
II. 完形填空
21-25 ADCCA 26-30 CACBD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 DBCCD
III. 阅读理解 41-45 CBABD
IV. 改错
46.was后加a 47.去掉been 48.have改为had 49.gone改为been 50.去掉for 51正确
52.before改为after 53.but 改为and 54. many改为much 55.worried后加about
V. 短文写作
How to Learn English Well
Some students seem to think that if you know grammar rules and try to learn more words by heart, you can learn English well. But I don’t think so. I think it is not enough only to remember grammar rules and words. If you want to learn English well you must seize (抓住) every chance to do listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
How can you practise English more? You must speak English in and out of class and try to read and listen more. Keeping diaries, writing letters and writing short stories in English will do good to you. (do you good)