Unit11
1. Criterion (n)( 复数 ---ria). 标准；尺度 =standard
[例] what are the ~ for deciding who gets the prize? 获奖者以什么为标准?
2. stick with 继续支持；保持联系+ sb/sth
(1)支持 I'm ~ing with my idea. 我坚持我原来的主张(=stick sth out 坚持到底,一直忍下去)
(2)保持联系 Stick with me, and you’ll be all right. 有事找我就没问题
△stick (Unit8) 有关stick 的词组:
stick+ at sth 坚持不懈(persevere): if we ~ it ,we should finish the job today.
by sb 继续支持并忠于某人（尤指逆境）[support and be loyal to sb]
sth down / in (into) / on 粘住/粘贴在……内/粘贴……上
(sth) out (1)伸出 (2)坚持(+for)
up 竖起，突起 *stick sth up 用枪胁迫以便抢劫(a bank / post office)
△辨析: Stick with sth / sb 某人或某人观点
stick (sth) out (虽不愉快)坚持到底，一直忍下去。 He hates the job, but he’s determined to stick it out.
stick to sth (1)不放弃或不改变某事物。Would you like some wine?-----No, I’ll ~ bear
(2)尽管有困难，继续做。~ a task until it is finished.
3. through thick and thin 不顾艰难[in spite of all the difficulties ] [例]He remained loyal to me ~.
△ 有关thick, thin的词组:
(as) thick as thieves .非常亲密，要好。 be thick with sb / sth 充满某物，挤满人。
(as) thick as two short planks + very stupid非常蠢 thick and fast 又快又多。 Offers of help are coming ~.
be skating on thin ice[idm]如履薄冰 have a thin time (f it)不好受的，受挫的。Houston Rockets have been having ~ recently
4. pull out of (1)从……中退出(2)驶离……
[例]They are pulling their troops out of the battle zone.他们正把部队调离战区。
△有关pull的词组:
pull + ahead (of sb / sth)领先于…… The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear .抢道。
sb / sth down 使……虚弱。/ 拆除
sb in (1)拘留 (2)吸引
sth in =earn 挣
in /into sth (1)火车进站 (2)驶进某处 The bus pulled in to the side of the road.
over 闪到一边 Pull your over and let me pass! Her up as a
(sb) round / through 帮助某人恢复知觉或康复。
Together 同心协力
(sth) / (sb) up 停下 / 纠正，训斥某人。
up/to/with sb / sth 改善地位，赶上 =catch up with
5. summary (n) 总结、概要。Here is a summary of the news .以下是新闻摘要。
in summary 总的说来。
（adj）概括的、扼要的。summarily dismissed立即开除。
△ sum: (n) the sum of …总和、总数。 [C.U]
a sum of =amounts=a great deal of + [U]
in sum 简言之
(v) sum (sth) up总结、概括.
sum sb / sth up 形成对某人/某物的看法。[例] I summed her up as a competent manager.能干
summarize (ise) (v) summation (n) (1) 总结、概括.a ~ of the evidence 对供词进行的总结。
(2) 有代表性的整体 The exhibition was a ~ of his life’s works. 这次展览汇集了他一生中的的典型作品。
6.percentage (n) (1) [C]百分比、百分率The salesmen get a ~ on everything he sell百分比佣金
(2) 比例、部分。What ~ of his income is taxable?
△ percent: (n)百分之一、百分比What ~ of the population reads / read books? 识字的人占百分之几？
(adj/adv) 每一百中（的）working 20 ~ harder
7.frequency (n) 频率、频繁[U]--frequent(adj/v常去)------frequently (adv)
In frequency [例] Fatal accidents have decreased ~ over recent years .
8.questionnaire (n) 问卷、调查表。[例] Please complete and return the ~
questioningly 表示怀疑地 (adv)
questionable (adj) 有问题、可疑的。
9.reputation [U.C] ~ (for sth) 名声、名誉、名气
have a ~ for laziness / being lazy 有一个……名气，以……出名。
establish / build up /make a ~ (for oneself) （为自己）树立（博得）名声
live up to one’s ~ .不负盛名
Repute (v) be ~d as /to be sb /sth. 普遍称为或当作是…… [例]He’ ~d as /to be the best doctor in Paris.
[U](1) know sb only by … 对某人仅闻其名 (2) of ~ 名声好的： wines / a doctor 名酒、名医
reputed (adj) -----reputedly (adv)
10.collegue (n)同事、同僚 [例] Nash is a ~ of mine (profession) 专业、职业 [mate 伙伴同事（口）]
11.Suspect (v) (1)vt. [have an idea of the existence or truth of sth ; believe] 相信。
[例] He ~ed an ambush . 埋伏。 I strongly ~ that they’re trying to get rid of me
(2)vt [doubt or distrust] 怀疑、不信任 ~ sb’s motives 动机
(3)vi. ~ sb (of sth / doing sth )怀疑某人有罪。 [例] What do the ~ of the crime ? 警方怀疑谁作的案
(n)嫌疑犯、可疑对象。He’s a prime ~ in the murder case 他是这次谋杀案的主要怀疑对象。
(adj) 不可靠、不可信、可疑的 [例] His statements are ~ .
12 . management (n) (1)[U]管理 (2)管理部门；主管人员 (3)[U]与人交流的技巧；手腕。[例] He gets them to accept it by ~
manage (v) (1)vt. a.负责，经营，管理 b. 控制，照管 He’s good at ~ing his money .
(2)vt.vi ~ (on sth ); ~ (without sb / sth) 做成，应付……
I can’t borrow the money ,so I’ll have to ~ without. ……只好将就了……
I just can’t manage (ie live ) on $50 a week. In spite of these insults , she ~d not to get angry.忍着
I couldn’t mange (ie eat ) another ting, I’m afraid. 我看我再也吃不下了。
(常与can / could 连用) ie speak, live, eat, succeed, write, come to lunch.…
manageable (adj)能处理的，易管理 / 控制的 manager / manageress 经理，女经理 managerial (adj)经理的，经营的
13．Staff.(n) 全体职工；全体雇员（集体名词，常作单数）
[例] We need more ~ in the office 增加人手 I have a ~ of ten我手下有十个职员 The ~ in this shop are very helpful.
(v)为……配备人员，担任工作人员 a well-staffed hotel. 员工齐备的旅馆
The school is stffed entirely by graduates. There’s nobody to ~ the office today.
14 . requirement(n)(esp.pl) (1)需要，要求，必要条件。Our immediate ~ is extra staff. 我们急需增加人手
(2)规定的或要求的事物 Legal entry ~s 合法入境规定
requisite (adj) （定） 需要的 ，必要的
(n) 必需品
15．For the sake of 由于 ，为----的利益 =owing to =due to
+ n △for sb’s/ sth’s sake 为了-----起见
sb./sth.
sth. /doing sth. /sb’s doing sth 为获得或保存某事物
Ο For God’s sake ,stop ! 看在上帝面上，停下来！
Ο She argues for the sake of arguing. 她因为好辩而与人争论
16 .in reality 事实上；实际上 =in fact=as a matter of fact=really=actually
The house looks very old ,but ~ it’s quite new
17 . individual (adj . n) ~ly(adv)
adj (定)①单独的，个别的 : each ~ person 每人
② a 一个人的， 供一个人用的 It is difficult for a teacher to give ~ attention to children in a big class
b 靠个人的，来自个人的 an ~ effort / contribution ,etc 个人的努力，贡献等
③ 独特的， 特有 =unique ,in an ~ way用独创的方式
n ①个人 ②有某种特点的人 ③不寻常的或古怪的 He’s quite an ~ 他是个十足的怪人
Οindividualism 个人主义 individualist 个人主义者
18 . temporary (adj) 暂时的，临时的 a ~ job, This arrangement is only ~ 这不是暂时的安排
temporally (adv), temporariness [U] temporarize (ise) vi 拖延， 敷衍 a ~ ing move 一步缓棋
19.coach (n) 教练；长途汽车。
v. ~ sb (for / in sth ) 辅导或训练某人…… [例] ~ sb in math ~ sb for the Olympics
20.cooperate (vi) 合作，协作
Ο co-(pref) + 动、形、副、名。 共同，一起，联合
[例] co-produced 联合生产 co-star , co-driver
21．Uncertain (adj) ①不确切，无把握+about / of sth ②不明确，不可靠His arm is ~ ③常变化~weather ④犹豫，迟疑
⑤(idm)in no uncertain terms清楚而有力。 [例] I told him what I thought of him in no uncertain terms
~ly (adv) ~ty (n) [U] 不确定 [C] 无把握的事
22．Expectation (n) [U]预料，期望 [C]有信心的指望His parents have great ~s for his future
expect: ① ~ sth (from sb / sth ) 预料，期待。 ~ (sth ) to do ② ~ sth (from sb ) 要求（某人）谋事物
③ 认为，猜想Will he be late?----I expect so
Ο expect too much ( of sb ) 对……期望过高 only to be expected 可能发生，相当正常
23．Division(n) ① [U]分，分割，划分，除（法） the ~ of wealth 财产分配 ②分割出来的一部分
③[C][U]歧异、差别、分化现象the deep / widening ~s in society today.
divisive (adj) 造成不和的，导致分裂的 ~ly (adv) ~ness [U]
divide (v) ①分割 ~ sth (up / into sth ) ~ A from B ②分配 ~sth (out / up ) ③~ A by B : A除以B ~into sth （用某数）除某数
24.rugby(n) （英式）橄榄球 Rugby League 橄榄球大联盟
25．Keep an eye on 照料照管=attend to =care for =take care of sth =watch=do up
[Unit5] keep an eye out for sth. / sb 留心，注意
26．Compromise (n) [U]妥协、和解、折衷Most wage claims are one settled by ~
[C]~ between / on sth Can the two sides reach a ~?双方能互让和解吗？
Compromise (v) ①vi ~ (on sth )用折衷方案解决争端、分歧
②vt使……陷入危险境地或受怀疑 ③vt修改、更改、减弱、缓和 She refused to ~ her principles
27．Excite (vt)使兴奋、激动
28．Regulation(n) ①[U]管理、调节、控制 the ~ of share prices股价
②[C](pl)规章、条例 safety / traffic ~s Οcontrary to / against ~s违章
regulate(vt) ①以规章、制度控制或管理 ~ one’s conduct / lifestyle行为、生活方式
②调整、控制 （仪器、机械等） =adjust +a clock /the flow of water
29．Bureaucratic(adj)(常贬)官僚的，官僚制度的~government官僚政府 ~ally(adv)
bureaucrat(n)官员 bureaucracy官僚制度
30.take…into account考虑、体谅 =take…into consideration=take account of sth
[例] When judging his performance ,don’t take his age into account
31．dynamic (adj) ①动力的 ②精力充沛的，有力的a dynamic person
(n) 产生变化、行动或影响的力量the inner ~ of a historical period某历史时期的内在力量
~ally (adv) Ο dynamics力学 dynamism[U]精力、活力、干劲
32shortcoming（常复）(n) 缺点、缺陷 a system / person with many ~s
33.embarrass(vt) a 使尴尬，为难I was ~ed by his comments about my clothes b. 使不安，焦虑 ~ by lack of money
~ing (adj) ~ingly (adv) ~ment[U]焦急、忧患[C]焦虑的人或物 *(idm)an ~ of riches好东西太多而难以选择
34.contradictory(adj)互相矛盾的、对立的 ~ comments / statements / reports
contradict(v) ①vi.反驳、批驳That is truth ,and don’t you dare ~(me)
②vt与……相反或矛盾the two statements ~ each other这两种说法互相抵触
contradiction(n) ~ between sth and sth Ο(idm) a ~ in terms 词语矛盾 ‘A generous miser’ is a ~慷慨的吝啬鬼
35.violent(adj) ①暴力的、强烈的 a state of ~ shock 在万分震惊中violence(n)
②厉害的、极度的 ~ winds / storms / earthquakes / change / contrast
36.explosion(n) ⑴a.爆炸（声） explode [ ①爆炸vt.vi.②vi.使人冲动、激动 + with / in / into sth
[例] He exploded with anger ~ into loud laughter ]
b. （愤怒、笑声）迸发an ~ of rage 勃然大怒
⑵激增 a population ~ , the ~ of oil price ⑶破除、推翻 ~ a superstition迷信
37．Resign(vi) ①放弃、辞去 ~ from sth ②听任、顺从~ oneself to sth / doing sth; be ~ed to one’s fate 听天由命
resigned(adj) （定）顺从的，逆来顺受的~ to sth / doing sth 心甘情愿的 ~ly(adv)
resignation(n)[U]放弃 [C]辞呈
38．Ambitious(ambition)有雄心的 ~to be / do sth ; ~ (for sth ) [例] ~ to succeed in life 立志要有所成就
~ for one’s children望子成龙
39．As a whole普遍说来,作为整体=generally speaking=in general [例] Is the collection going to be divided up or sold ~?
Οon the whole总的说来 ~, I’m in favor of the idea.
40.actual(adi)=real 事实的，真实的，实际的 ~ly (adv) ~ity (n) Οactualities实际情况，事实
41．Definite(adj). (a) 明确的，确切的 a ~ decision / opinion / change
(b)（表）~ about sth / that…肯定，有把握 It’s now ~ that the plane crashed
~ly(adv) define sth as sth
42.stall:摊位，铺子 a bookstall , a fruit stall , stall-holder摊主
43. hairdresser=barber理发师，美发师
44. congratulate(vt)祝贺，庆贺 ~ sb (on sth) ; ~ oneself (on / doing sth )
45.smooth(adj)①. 光滑的，平坦的，平静的 a ~ skin / road /sea
~ly(adv) ② 顺利的，无困难的 a ~ journey
~ness(n) ③.平稳的， 不摇晃的 a ~ ride in a good car ; ~ Breasting
④ 味美的， 不苦的， 柔和的 a ~voice Δ in ~ water(s) 一帆风顺
46 finance(n)①[U] 财政 an expect in ~ ②[U] ~ (for sth ) 资金 ③[C] 财源， 财力
(V) 提供资金 提供款项 The fund is partly ~d by government
financial(adj)财务的， 金融的
47.once again再一次=again =once more
48.combination(n) ①[U]结合， 混合，联合，组合…The product is the of two firms
②[C]……的人或事物，混合物， 联合体
combine(v) ~ (with sth ) ~A with B 结合， 兼有两种特性
49.bride新娘------- bridegroom 新郎
50.exceptional(adj)异常的， 罕见的， 杰出的， 突出的=unusual=outstanding
~ly(adv) Οshow ~ musical ability 非凡的音乐才能
51.live up to 依照-----行事， 做到， 不辜负 52shame[U] 羞耻（感）， 耻辱. [C] 可耻的人或事 a ~
有关 live 的短语 Δput sb / sth to shame 大大优越于某人/某事物
live + it up 享受
a lie 虚伪做人 shame(v) ~ sb into / out of doing sth
rough 生活艰苦 shameful (adj) ~ly(adv)
sth down使谈忘 shamefulness[U]
through幸存
with sth / sb 接受或容忍某现象
53.pursue(vt)① 追赶，追逐 + a wide animal / a thief
② 忙于……， 从事于……， 进行…… I decide not to ~ the matter any further
Οpursuer(n)追捕者 pursuit(n)[U]追求， 寻求 [C]花精力做好事， 职业be engaged in / devote oneself to worthwhile ~s.
(idm)in pursuit (of sb / sth)追求某人[某物] in (hot) pursuit 穷追不舍
54.intellectual(adj) 智力的， 脑力的 ~ly(adv)
(n) 脑力劳动者
intelligence[U]智力，脑力
55.hands-on(adj)亲身实践的，实习的
有关hands短语:
all hands to the pump人人都该出把力
at sb’s hands出自某人之手
hands off(sth / sb)不许触及（某物/人）
have one’s hands free / tired自行其是
in one’s / sb’s hands在某人支配、控制下
56.accommodate (v) ① ~ sth to sth适应I’ll ~ any plans to yours
② ~ sb (with sth) 准予或提供某人（某物） The bank will ~ you with a loan
③顺应，考虑到 ④供给，膳宿
accommodation (n)房间，住所，住宿 accommodating 随和，乐于助人的
57．Complement (vt)补充，与……互补His business skill ~s her flair for design
他的经营技巧和她的设技才能相辅相成
(n) ① ~ to sth 补充物 ② 需要的数额the ship’s ~ 编制名额
58.qualitative(adj)性质的，质量的 ~ analysis定性分析 quality质量、品质
59．Decline(vt) ①拒绝，使下降~ an invitation to dinner
(vi) ①拒绝 ②变小、变弱、变少 a ~ing birth-rate . Her influence declined after she lost the election.
(n) ① ~ (in sth) （力量、权力、数量等）消减 ②fall / go into a ~ 失去力量、影响等
Ο on the decline 在消，在衰退
60.oral(adj) ①口头的，口述的 ②口的，用口的 ~ hygiene口腔卫生
~ly(adv)