1. cultural relics 文化遗迹 2. base...on... / be based on… 以……为依据；根据…… e.g. ①One should always base one’s opinions on facts.意见应以事实为根据。 ②This news report is based entirely on fact.这篇新闻报道是完全根据实际情况写成的。
3. send … into space 把……发射到太空 space作 “太空”讲时，通常前面没有冠词。 4. select，choose与pick out 的区别：三者都有“选择”之意，但它们的语意各有侧重。select是“精选”之意，指有目的地、认真地按照一定标准在一些人或东西中选出一些好的，弃掉一些差的；choose使用范围广，通常指在所提供的对象中，凭个人的判断力进行选择，意为“挑选出来”，而不强调“精选”；pick out比较口语化，指按个人喜好或希望进行挑选，有“仔细挑选”的意思。 e.g. ①You can choose any book you like. 你可以选择你喜欢的书。 ②We must select some for seeds. 我们要选一些做种子。 ③She picked out the shoes that match the dress. 她挑选出与那条裤子相配的鞋子。 5. represent Chinese culture 代表中国文化 represent是动词， “代表(=stand for)； （画面）描绘；（符号等）表示” e.g. ①Our headmaster could not go to the meeting, so Mr. Smith represented him. 我们的校长不能去参加会议，所以史密斯先生代表他去了。 ②The sign "&" represents the word "and". 符号＆代表单词“and”之意。 ③This painting represents a storm of sea.这幅画描绘了海上风暴的景色。 ［短语］represent oneself as自称； be representative of代表，表示 6. include，including，included和contain的区别：1) include只能用作及物动词，意思是“包括；包含”。它侧重指包含者是整体的一部分。如：①The book includes two chapters on grammar. 这本书有两章关于语法的。 ②The list includes many new names. 名单上有许多新名字。 2) including是现在分词，在许多情况下用作介词，后面可直接跟宾语，含有补充说明之意。如：③Thirty passengers were hurt, including 5 children. 三十个人受伤，包括五个孩子。3) included是过去分词，在表示“包括……在内”时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，起着“补充说明”的作用。如：④They will send you the book for $ 15, postage included. 他们将把此书寄给你，单价15美元，包括邮资在内。 4) contain也有“包含；含有”的意思。它指包含者是某物的组成部分（或内容）。如： ⑤Orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy. 橙汁里含有有益于健康的东西。 ⑥Sea water contains salt. 海水里含有盐。 7. What shall we put in? 我们该把什么放进去呢？ shall表达征求对方的意见和指示时，用于第一、三人称。 e.g. Shall he come to see you? 你说要不要他来看你？ will表示此意时用于第二人称。 e.g. Will you tell him about the news some time later? 你能以后找个时间告诉他这个消息吗？
8. Can’t we put in…? “我们放进……，好吗？” 这是一个否定疑问句，可用于表达：1) 建议或邀请。如：①-Won’t you go
and see the film? -Yes, I think I will. -你不去看电影吗？ -不，我想去。 2) 感叹。如：②Isn’t it a cold day? 天多冷啊！
3) 惊讶、怀疑或责备。如：③Don’t you know my telephone number? 难道你不知道我的电话号码吗？ 9. What / How about
+ n. / pron. / doing…? ……怎么样？ 10. Why not do…? / Why don’t you do…? 为什么不……？ 11. Where there is a river,
there is a city. 哪里有河流，哪里就有城市。 where在句中用作连词，用来引导地点状语从句。e.g. ①We should go where we
are most needed by the Party. 我们应该到党最需要我们的地方去。②Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
注：where引起状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引起状语从句时，其前面无先行词，where也不能换成“介词+which”；
where引起定语从句时，其前面有名词作先行词，where可以换成“介词+which”。e.g. ③Make marks where you have any
questions.（状语从句） ④Make marks at the place where you have any questions.（定语从句） 在你有问题的地方做上标记。
12. It is true that many of the world's greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river. 这里的“it”叫形式主语，真正的主语是“that”引导的从句。it 作形式主语的句型常见的有：1) It +be+过去分词+ that 从句 如：①It is said that they have invented
a new type of computer. 据说他们已发明了一种新型的计算机。②It is believed that China will become one of the strongest
countries in the world. 人们相信，中国将成为世界上最强大的国家之一。 本句型常用的动词有say, hope, think, suppose, expect,
report, know, believe, decide等。 2) It +be+形容词+that 从句 如：① It was really surprising that she married a man like that. 她嫁了那样一个人，这真叫人吃惊。② It is probable that she will be a little late. 她可能要迟到一会儿。 3) It + be+名词+that 从句
如：① It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film yesterday. 昨天你没去看电影，真让人惋惜。②It is a truth that there would be
no New China without the Communist Party. 没有共产党，就没有新中国，这是一个真理。 4) It +seems / happens / appears等不及物动词+that 从句。如：①It seems that he enjoys pop music very much. 看来他非常喜欢流行音乐。 ② It appears that Tom
might change his mind.看来汤姆会改变主意。 5)如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。如：① Does it matter much
that they won't come tomorrow? 他们明天不来要不要紧？ ② Is it true that he will go abroad next week? 他下周要出国，这是真的吗？ on (the banks of) a river 在河边 13. flow through 流经 14. be proud of/ take pride in 为……感到骄傲
15. look like 看起来像 16. out of (=from)a fairy tale 从童话/神话中 17. under attack 遭受攻击 under表示“在……（状态）中，在……（情况）下”，表示所处的情况、条件或在进行的过程中。 under repair 正在修理 under study 正在研究 under construction 正在建设 18. give in (vi.) to sb. / sth. 向某人/某物投降，屈服，让步 (vt.) give sth. in (to sb.) 将某物呈交/上交（给某人） give away 赠送，分发；泄露 give off 发出（烟、热、光等） give out 耗尽；筋疲力尽 give up (vt.) 放弃；不再做……(give up doing)；让出 19. burn vt. / vi. 1) 烧（掉）；烧毁 e.g. ①He burned all her letters. 他把她所有的来信都烧了。 2) 烫着；烧着；烧焦；晒黑 e.g. ②Hot water will burn you. 热水会烫着你。③Be careful not to burn the meat. 小心别把肉烧糊了。④You are much more burned by the sun than I (am). 你被太阳晒得比我黑多了。 3) 燃烧，燃着 e.g. ⑤Paper burns easily. 纸容易着。 4) （脸部）绯红，（皮肤）发烫 e.g. ⑥Her cheeks were burning with shame. 她羞得双颊绯红。 5) 迫切想（做某事） e.g. ⑦She is burning to tell you the news. 她迫切地想告诉你那个消息。 20. in ruins 成为废墟；遭到严重破坏；落空 ruin n. 毁坏；破坏［U］ 废墟；遗迹（常用复数） 21. lay in pieces on the ground破烂不堪地散落在地上 lay是lie（躺；位于；处于某种状态）的过去式 lie、lied、lied、lying说谎；撒谎 lie、lay、lain、lying躺；平躺；位于 lay、laid、laid、laying摆放；产卵 in pieces 成碎片，破碎；落空 22. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible. = To restore the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible. = It seemed impossible to restore the city and its cultural relics. seem 系动词，“似乎；好像；仿佛” seem + (to be) + adj. / n. seem to do sth. It seems / seemed (to sb.) that…
e.g. She seems to be right. = It seems (to me) that she is right. 23. do everything / all (that) sb. can/could to do; do what sb. can/could to do 尽力做 to do表目的 24. bring…(back) to life 使恢复；使苏醒；使生动 e.g. ①They did all they could to bring him (back) to life. 他们尽一切努力使他苏醒。②A great actor can bring a character to life. 一个伟大的演员能让角色生动起来。 25. with the help of … 在……的帮助下 26. be able to = manage to do/succeed in doing 表示设法做成了某事，侧重结果 can 指具备做某事的能力，没有结果 27. bring back 归还；使记起；使回忆；使恢复 28. replace the missing pieces 替换不见的部分 missing与lost的区别：都可以表示“丢失；失去”等意思，但含义和用法不同：missing表示“已不在适当的或所期待的位置”，强调应该有而缺少；lost表示“丢失”之意，语气较强，一般指某物丢失，不易找回来了。如：①On the table there is a book with two pages missing. 桌子上有本少了两页的书。 ②They are looking for the missing / lost child who lost his parents when he was a child. 他们正在寻找失踪的孩子，这孩子小时候就失去了父母。 29. once again 再一次
30. look out over 俯瞰 31. come true 实现；达到（无被动） 32. Strong, proud and united, they are the modern heroes of Russia. 他们坚强，自豪，团结一致，是当代的俄罗斯英雄。 形容词作状语，说明句子主语的特征和性质。 unite v. 联合；团结 united adj. 团结的 33. change one’s mind 改变主意 34. pull down 拆掉；推毁；推翻 35. set up/build/make a website 创立/设立网站 36. It is said that… = 主语+ be + said to do / be… 据说…… know, report, believe, think, announce等也可用于此结构中。 37. cultural relics repair project 文化遗址修复工程 38. keep the same look as the old one 保持和原来一样的外观 39. so far “迄今为止；到目前为止”，作状语，谓语动词用完成时态 40. repairs n. 常用复数形式，“修理；修缮” e.g. do/carry out repairs to a damaged car 修理受损的汽车 注：repair作定语时一般不用复数 e.g. They are planning to build a car repair shop. 他们正计划建一座汽修厂。 在以下短语中repair不用复数：in (good) repair 处于完好状态 in bad repair 年久失修 out of repair 坏了（不能使用了） under repair 正在修理 41. official n. 官员；公务员（指政府部门的） adj. 官方的；正式的 an official language 官方语言 pay an official visit to… 对……进行正式访问 42. to make your voice heard 为了让别人听到你的心声（不定式作目的状语） make在表示“使得、让”之意时，常用“make+宾语+宾补”的结构；宾补可为：形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词。如：①He tried to make us happy. 他设法使我们高兴。②What makes you think so? 什么使你这样想呢？③We made her our team leader. 我们选她当队长。（名词前不加冠词）④He soon made himself understood. 他很快使别人懂得了他的意思。 43. air pollution 空气污染 pollute v. 污染；使脏 44. human beings = humans 45. breath n. ［U］呼吸 ［C］一口气；一点微风 take a deep breath 深深吸一口气 take breath 歇一歇，喘口气 hold one’s breath 屏息 out of breath 气喘吁吁地 breathe v. 呼吸 46. limit n. ［C］ 限度；限制；极限 There is a limit to / are limits to… ……是有限的 without limit 无限地 speed limit 限速 vt. 限制；限定 limit…to… e.g. Our holidays are limited to one week. 我们的假期被限制在一周。 limited adj. 有限的（多作表语） limitless adj. 无限地
Unit 8 Sports
1. the five Olympic rings 奥运五环 2. stand for 代表，代替，象征；主张，主持 e.g. ①USA stands for the United States of America. USA代表美利坚合众国。 ②The letters UK stand for the United Kingdom. 字母UK代表联合王国。 ③We stand for freedom of speech. 我们主张言论自由。 3. well-known adj. “著名的，有名的；众所周知的”，在句中作定语或表语。作表语时不加连字符。 e.g. She was well known as an excellent dancer. 她被称为是一位杰出的舞蹈家。 4. gold medal 金牌 silver medal 银牌 bronze medal 铜牌 5. because of 因为，由于（后接短语） because 因为（连接句子） 6. the host city 主办城市 host为名词，作定语，“东道主，主人”（女主人为hostess）。作动词表示“招待（客人），主办，做东”。 7. track and field 田径 8. worth为表语形容词，意思是“值（多少钱）；相当于……的价值”或“值的”。常用于以下句型：be worth + money (the price)值多少钱（价） be (well) worth doing sth. / n. （很）值得做某事。如：①It was worth five hundred francs at the most. 它至多值 500法郎。②The place is well worth a visit / visiting. It is well worth visiting the place. 这地方很值得游玩。③How much is the necklace worth? 这个项链值多少钱？ 注：be worth后接动名词的主动式，表示被动的含义。 9. point n. ［C］ 得分，点数；点；小数点；尖端；论点；意义 e.g. a turning point 转折点 five point three 5.3 the point of the needle 针尖 language points 语言点 What’s the point in doing so? 这样做有什么意义？ 比较：score作名词时，表示“得分记录”，即积分的结果。而point则着重指计算得分的点数、小分。 10. congratulation n. 常用复数，“恭喜；祝贺；贺词”，常与on连用 e.g. to offer one’s congratulations on her success 对她的成功表示祝贺 congratulate vt. “恭喜；道贺；向……致祝词” e.g. I congratulated my friend on her birthday. 我向我的朋友祝贺生日。 11. You do not seem interested in sports. = It seems that you are not interested in sports. 你似乎对体育不感兴趣。 12. tie （和……）打成平局 e.g. They tied for first place in the game. 他们在比赛中打成平局，并列第一。 13. the first two singles matches 前两场单打比赛 in the last few days 在最后的几天里 the first ten pages 前十页 the top three people 前三名 singles / doubles 单/双打 14. win sth. beat / defeat sb.
15. favourite n. 特别喜欢的人（或物），喜欢的事物，亲信，心腹，幸运儿 e.g. ①These novels are my favourites. 这些小说是我的最爱。 adj. 喜欢的，宠爱的，中意的 e.g. ②Oranges are my favourite fruit. 桔子是我最喜爱的水果。 注：favourite本身含有最高级的含义。 16. prefer vt. ( preferring, preferred) “宁愿；较喜欢；更喜欢”，常用于以下句型：l) prefer + n. / pron喜欢……； 2) prefer doing /to do sth. 宁愿做某事； 3) prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事； 4) prefer sth. to be done 宁可某事被……； 5) prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢某物，而不喜欢某物； 6) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事；
7) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 17. would rather 情态动词，表主观上的愿望和选择，“宁愿……”，后接动词原形 would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事 would rather do sth. rather than do sth. 宁可做某事而不愿做某事 18. 1) take part in “参加，参与”，后接表示会议、劳动或者文娱体育等活动的名词，主语是活动的积极参与者。 2) join作及物动词用，是指以平等地位“加入”到某一组织团体或人群中并成为其中一员。 3) join in 指“参加”一群人的某种活动。 4) join sb. in (doing) sth. “和某人一起做某事”。 5) attend是指参加、出席会议、聚会、讲座等。
e.g. ①Many students took part in (joined in) the game. 许多学生参加了这个比赛。 ②All my friends join me in wishing you a happy birthday. 我的所有朋友和我一起祝你生日快乐。 ③He joined the army (party) three years ago. 三年前他参了军（入了党）。 It is three years since he joined the army (party). He has been in the army (party) for three years. He has been a soldier (a party member) for three years. 他参军（入党）有三年了。 ④attend a meeting 出席会议 attend the concert 去听音乐会 attend the lecture 听讲座 attend the wedding 参加婚礼 19. take part in (join in) the Olympic Games / the Olympics 参加奥运会
20. 1) every + 基数词十复数名词 2) every十序数词十单数名词 “每……” 3) every other十单数可数名词 “每隔一……”
4) every few十复数名词 “每隔几……” e.g. every four days (every fourth day) 每四天（每隔三天） every three or four days每三四天 every other day (line) 每隔一天（行） every few days 每几天 21. 1) the same as +单词或短语（没有谓语动词） e.g. ①This is the same as that. 这个与那个一样。 ②Your coat is the same as mine (my coat). 你的外套与我的一样。 2) the same + n. + as +n.(pron.)“……与……相同” the same+ n. + as+定语从句“与……相似” e.g. ③I have bought the same car as yours.我买了一辆与你一样的车。④I have bought the same car as you have. 3)the same+ n. + that引导的定语从句 “与……是同一个” e.g. ⑤Look ! This is the same girl that begged from door to door the other day. 看！那个女孩就是前几天沿门讨饭的那一个。
22. compete vi. 竞争；比赛 compete in ( a game, a match) 参加…… compete with/against sb. 和某人竞争 compete for (a prize, a medal, the first place) 角逐…… competition n. 竞争；比赛 in competition with 与……竞赛 competitor n. 比赛者
23. allow vt. “准许；允许”，常用于以下句型： 1) allow doing sth. 允许做某事 2) allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 3) sb. be (not)allowed to do sth. 某人（不）被允许做某事 4) allow sb. in (out) 允许某人进来（出去） e.g. ①Please allow me to introduce myself to you. 请允许我向你们作自我介绍。 ②They do not allow smoking here. 他们这儿不允许吸烟。 ③The government servants aren’t allowed to accept rewards. 公务员不得接受酬谢。 24. in modern times 在现代 in ancient / old times 在古代 25. The first Olympic Games in modern times happened / took place / were held in 1896. 第一届现代奥运会在1896年举行。 26. further adj. / adv. 1) 更远的；较远的 2) 另外的；进一步的；深一层的 3) 而且；另外；再者 e.g. ①Do you need further help? ②It s getting dark. We had better not go any further. 27. do one’s best (to do sth.) / try one’s best (to do sth.) / do what sb. can (to do sth.) / do all/everything (that) sb. can (to do sth.) / make every possible effort (to do sth.) / make the greatest effort (to do sth.) 尽力（做某事） 28. rank vi. 排名；列为 vt. 把……分等级；把……列队 rank with / among… 名列……中；属……之列 29. the competing countries 参赛国家 30. make history 创造历史（固定短语） history-making 合成形容词，“创历史的” 31. prepare vt. “准备；预备”，主要有以下用法：1) prepare sth. 准备……（宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者） e.g. ①Mom is busy preparing supper now. 妈妈现在正忙着准备晚饭。 2) prepare for sth. 为……做准备（for的宾语不是这一动作的直接承受者，而是表示准备的目的） e.g. ②What special food do people prepare for the Spring Festival? 春节人们准备什么特殊食物？She was going to prepare for her trip.她在为旅行做准备。 3) prepare to do sth. 准备做…… e.g. ③We are busy preparing to go on holidays. 我们正在忙着准备休假。 4) be prepared to do sth. 已做了充分准备做……；乐意做…… e.g. ④We are prepared to supply you with all that you want. 我们做好了充分的准备提供你所需要的一切。 5) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为……做准备 e.g.⑤The teacher prepared the students for the coming exams. 老师使学生为即将到来的考试做好准备。 preparation n. ［C, U］ “准备”，常用于以下结构： be in preparation在准备中 in preparation for（介词短语）为……做准备 make preparations for为……做准备 32. light the Olympic torch 点燃奥运火炬 33. welcome 1)动词。 e.g. ①Mr. Hunt welcomed us to his house. 亨特先生迎接我们进屋。 但是一般情况下，welcome前面常常不用主语。 e.g. ②Welcome back the national table-tennis team. 欢迎国家乒乓球队归来。 注：welcome的过去式和过去分词为welcomed，welcomed。 2) 感叹词。通常和地点副词或to + 表示地点的名词连用。 e.g. ③Welcome home! 欢迎回家！ Welcome to our school! 欢迎来我们学校。 注：用作感叹词时后面不能接宾语。如不能说：Welcome you to our school! 3) 名词。 e.g. ④We received a friendly welcome. 我们受到了很友好的欢迎。 4) 形容词，“受欢迎的，可以随意享用的，不用客气的”。 e.g.⑤You are a welcome guest. 您是位受欢迎的客人。 ⑥You are welcome to (use) my dictionary. 你可以随意使用我的字典。 5) You are welcome. 别客气。/ 不用谢。 34. sports fan “体育迷”，sports在此作定语。名词作定语时，多用单数形式，但sport作定语时，则须用复数形式。 35. honour n. ［C］常与不定冠词连用，意为“光荣（增光）的人或事” ［U］“荣誉；尊敬” e.g. ①He considered it a great honour to be invited there. 他认为被邀请去那儿是件很荣幸的事。 ②The athletes competed for the honour of their country. 运动员们为了国家的荣誉而竞争。 36. have an effect on / upon… 对……有影响/起作用 effect前可加上相应的形容词来进行修饰。 37. tens of thousands of 成千上万 38. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 e.g. He encouraged me to have a try. 他鼓励我试一试。 另：discourage sb. from doing. 打消某人做某事的念头， （使）气馁 39. by hand 手工；用手制作 40. score n. （比赛等的）得分，比分；（考试等的）分数，成绩 a score of… v. （体育比赛中）得分 41. 1) more than + n. / adj. / v. “不止，不只是；非常” e.g. ①He is more than a professor. He is a writer.
他不仅是教授。也是一名作家。 more than enough 绰绰有余 more than happy 极其高兴 2) more + adj. + than + adj. 用于主语本身的两种品质的比较，强调more之后的adj.，“与其说……，倒不如说……” e.g. ②I’m more disappointed than angry. 与其说我生气，倒不说我失望。 3)“more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数；“more + 复数名词 + than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. ③ More than one student has seen the film. / More students than one have seen the film. 不止一个学生看过这部电影。 42. skill n. ［C, U］ “技巧，技艺，技能” skilled adj. “有技能的；需要技术的” skillful adj. “熟练的；技术很高的” e.g. a skilled job 技术活 a skilled / skillful worker 熟练工人 43. live one’s dream 实践某人的梦想 live vt.“实践；经历” live one’s belief 实践某人信仰 44. How much does he weigh? 他体重多少？ weigh 1) vt. “称……的重量，掂估……的份量” e.g. ①Cao Chong weighed the elephant. 曹冲称象。 2) vi. “重量为……” e.g. ②It weighs 12 kilos. 它重12千克。 3) weight n. 重量 weightlifting 举重 put on weight 长胖 lose weight 减肥 by weight 按重量 in weight 在重量上 e.g.③They look different, but they are the same in weight. 它们看起来不一样，但重量相同。 4) weighty adj. 5) weigh表“权衡，比较”，与介词with / against连用。 E.g. ④He weighed the ideas in his mind. 他在脑子里比较这些意见。 ⑤Weigh one plan against another. 把一个计划和另一个计划进行比较。 45. win the titles 赢得称号/头衔 46. How tall is he? 他有多高？ 47. turn professional 成为职业运动员 turn为系动词，意为“变成，成为”，后跟名词作表语时，该名词前不带冠词。 e.g. He turned teacher in 1980. 他在1980年成了一名教师。 48. What makes him great in your eyes? 在你看来什么使他这么伟大？ 49. make sure to do sth. 确保做某事 50. facial expressions 面部表情
Unit 9 Technology
1. be good at “擅长于，善于”，后接n. / pron. / doing do well in “在……方面做得好” e.g. He did very well in exams. 他考得很理想。 2. think of 想出；以为；觉得；忆及；考虑；思考 e.g. ①What do you think of my singing? 你觉得我唱得怎么样？ ②I can’t think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。 ③We are thinking of going to France. 我们正在考虑去法国。 ④Can you think of any explanation for his frequent absence form work? 你能想出什么理由来解释他经常旷工吗？ 3. as many + 可数名词复数 + as 同级比较，前一个as为副词，后一个as为连词，“和……一样多；有……那么多” e.g. ①Take as many books as you want. 你想拿多少书就拿多少。 ②He has as many books as the library. 他拥有的图书和图书馆的一样多。 as much + n.［U］+ as 不可数名词的同级比较 e.g. ③I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我没有原来想的那么多钱。 as adj. a(n) + 可数名词单数 + as e.g. ④This is as good a car as yours. 这辆车和你的一样好。 注：表达倍数的词或短语应置于第一个as之前。 e.g. ⑤We have twice as many books as yours. 我们的书是你们的两倍。 4. inside out “里面翻到外面；彻底地”，一般用作状语。 e.g. ①He often wears his sweater inside out. 他经常穿反汗衫。 ②He knew his work inside out. 他十分清楚他的工作。 5. fit on “试穿；穿上（看是否合适）；装上” fit 1) adj. “合适的，恰当的，健康的，准备好的” be fit for 适合于 be fit to do 适合做…… e.g. ①After the interview, the employer concluded that she was fit for the job. 面试后老板下结论说她能胜任这项工作。 ②He isn’t fit to live by himself. 他不适合单独住。 ③He runs to keep fit. 他跑步为了保持健康。 2) vt. “适合，安装，使合身，使适应，使合格；安装；装备” vi. “适合，符合” e.g. ④Your clothes fit well. 你的衣服很合身。 ⑤Her height fitted her for basketball. 她的身高适合打篮球。 ⑥A man came and fitted the telephone for her. 来了人替她把电话装上了。 ⑦The trousers don’t fit him. They are too small. 这条裤子他穿不合身，太小了。 6. be used for = be used to do 被用于…… be used as 被用作为 be used to + n. / doing… 习惯于…… used to do 过去经常…… 7. everyday life = daily life 日常生活 everyday adj. “日常的，每天的”，只作前置定语。 every day 名词短语，通常在句中作状语。 e.g. We must practice speaking English every day. 我们必须每天练习讲英语。 8. What does it look like? “它看上去怎么样？” What … look like? “……看上去如何？”，强调外表。 What is … like? 表示“询问天气状况、描述事物特征或人的外貌、品德”等。 e.g. ①-What does it look like? 它看上去怎么样？ –It’s small and square. 它小而方。 ②-What’s the weather like? 今天天气如何？ -It’s fine. 很好。 ③-What is the new teacher like? 新来的老师（长得）怎么样？ -He’s tall and thin. 他又高又瘦。 ④-What is Tom like? 汤姆这个人怎么样？ -He is very honest. 他很诚实。 9. be made of “由……制成”，表示制成成品后仍保留原材料的质地或特征，制作过程仅发生物理变化。 be made from “由……制成”，表示制成成品后完全失去原材料的质地或特征，制作过程发生化学变化。 make … out of “用……制作……”，表示从某块材料中截取部分制作成某成品。 be made into “把……制成；被制成” be made in “在……制造”（in表示制作地方） be made up of “由……组成” 10. sb. takes some time to do sth. 某人花……时间做某事 sth. takes time It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花（某人）……时间 11. Absolutely adv. 1) 绝对地,完全地 2)【口】（用于对答）一点不错，完全对 e.g. It’s absolutely no business of her. 这件事与她毫不相关。 12. That’s a good point. 你说得有道理。 口语中表示同意的表达还有许多，如：I see what you mean.我明白你的意思。 I couldn’t agree more. 我举双手赞成。 13. agree vi. 同意，赞成……的意见，与……一致，承认，适合；vt. 同意 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree + 疑问词 + to do sth. agree to sth. 同意某事 e.g. agree to a plan / a suggestion / an arrangement 同意（实施） agree on / upon 对……取得一致意见 （主语用复数） agree with sb. / one’s idea / one’s opinion / what one says 同意某人的话/意见/看法 (sth.) agrees with sb. （食物/气候等）适合于某人 agree with 与……一致 agree + that-clause 一致认为；同意 e.g. ①We all agreed to start at once. 我们都同意立即出发。 ②They agreed how to try it. 他们就怎样试验取得了一致意见。 ③Our manager didn't agree to
this arrangement. 我们经理不同意这种安排。 ④Both parties agreed on the terms of the contract. 双方就合同中的条款达成了一致意见。 ⑤I don’t agree with him on many things. 我和他在许多事情上意见不一致。 ⑥His words don’t agree with his actions. 他言行不一致。 ⑦The weather here doesn’t agree with him. 这儿的气候不适合他。 ⑧Finally they agreed that Mary should do
the work. 最后他们同意由玛丽来做这项工作。 14. It (all) depends. = That (all) depends. 【口】那得看情况（而定）。 depend on / upon 依靠；取决于；从属于；同……而定 e.g. ①I knew he wasn’t to be depended upon. 我知道他不可信赖。 ②Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 健康依靠的是良好的食物，新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。 15. sure adj. “确信的，有把握的；一定的，必定的；确实的；可靠的” be sure of / about 确信的；肯定的 be sure that… be sure to do 一定的；必定的 e.g. ①Are you sure (of it)? 你能肯定吗？ ②Be sure not to forget. 千万不要忘记呀。 ③I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。 ④I’m not sure whether our team will win. 我不能肯定我队是否能赢。 16. on the go “忙个不停；活跃着；四处奔走；跑来跑去” e.g. ①She has been on the go all day. 她终日忙忙碌碌。 ②Healthy, happy people are usually on the go. 健康快乐的人总是很活跃。 go作名词可以构成下面的短语：all the go 时髦的；be full of go 精力充沛；have a go at sth. 尝试着做某事 e.g. ③Leather gloves were all the go last year. 去年流行皮手套。 ④He blew out all the candles on his birthday cake at one go. 他一口气把生日蛋糕上的蜡烛都吹灭了。 ⑤He is always full of go. 他总是精力充沛。 17. put her hand into her pocket 把手放进口袋 take out sth. 把……拿出来 18. press vt.“按，压，挤；压碎，压破，榨出；熨平（衣服）；催促，催逼，强迫，（极力）劝说” vi. “挤向前，奋力前进；紧迫” n. “劳累，压力.［U］；印刷机；印刷.［C］；新闻界，舆论，报刊杂志，与the连用；（常大写）出版社” pressure n. “压力，劳累，紧张” pressing adj. “紧迫的，紧急的” 19. I should be home in about ten minutes. Should “应该，估计，按理应当”，表推断、猜测，有一定的主观根据的判断，而非义务，责任等。e.g. ①She should be here any minute. 她该马上就到。 ②Dinner should be ready by now. 这时候晚饭应该做好了。 in about ten minutes“大约十分钟以后”，主要用于将来时间。 20. make it + adj. + (for / of sb.) to do sth. it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth.。常用于这种句型的动词有：think, find, feel, believe, suppose, consider等。 21. 1) add vt. & vi. “增加，加入（与to连用）；加起来；又说，补充” e.g. ①If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓，再加点开水。②May I add a point? 我可以补充一点意见吗？ ③“I don’t believe it,” he added. 他补充说：“我不相信。” 2) add to “增加；加强” e.g. ④His illness added to the family’s trouble. 他的病给家里增加了负担。 3) add…to… “往……加入……” e.g. ⑤Will you add more sugar to your coffee? 你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？ ⑥Please add my name to the list. 请把我的名字加到名单上。 ⑦If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。 4) add up“合计，加起来” e.g. ⑧These figures don’t add up right. 这些数字加起来不对。 5) add up to“总共有，总计达” e.g. ⑨His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 他所受的全部学校教育加起来不过一年。 22. latest 时间方面，“最新的，最近的” newest 与oldest相对，说明不陈旧 late adj. / adv. “晚；迟到” later “late的比较级；adv. 后来” lately adv. “最近”(=recently) 23. remind vt. “提醒；使想起” 1) remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事 e.g. ①Please remind me about it again tomorrow in case I forget. 请你明天再提醒我一下免得我忘记。 2) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 e.g. ②The play reminds me of my childhood. 这个戏剧使我想起了我的童年。 ③This film reminded me of those years when I was in the countryside. 这部电影使我回想起在农村的岁月。 3) remind sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人（不要）做某事 e.g. ④Please remind him to return the books to the library. 请提醒他把这些书还给图书馆。 ⑤A student should always remind himself not to be late for class. 学生应当提醒自己上课不要迟到。 4) remind (sb.) that… “使人想起，提醒，警告”e.g. ⑥She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers. 她提醒我还没有浇花。 24. disturb vt. “扰乱；使骚动；妨碍；干扰；使人心神不宁”，常用于被动语态。 e.g. ①She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child. 她悄悄地开门以免惊扰睡着的孩子。 ②He was disturbed by the news that you were ill. 听到你生病的消息后他感到不安。 25. obey(=keep) the rules遵守规章制度 obey sb. 服从某人 obey orders 服从命令 e.g. ①As a soldier, you must obey orders. 作为军人，你必须服从命令。 ②The part should obey the whole. 局部应当服从整体。 26. agree not to do sth. 同意不做某事 not agree to do sth. 不同意做某事 注：不可说agree sb. to do sth.，但可说agree with sb. to do sth. 或agree to sb’s doing sth. 27. dare 1) vt.“敢；胆敢” dare to do sth. 敢于做某事 e.g. ①We should dare to think, dare to speak and dare to act. 我们应当敢想，敢说，敢干。 ②The girl dared to walk at night. 那个女孩子敢走夜路。 2) v. aux. 一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。 e.g. ③I dare not climb the hill. 我不敢爬山。 ④Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告诉她真相吗？ ⑤How dare you say such a thing? 你竟敢说这种话呀？ ⑥If the enemy dare come, they will never be able to get away. 如果敌人胆敢来犯，管叫他们有来无回。 27. too much 修饰不可数名词 much too 修饰形容词或副词 28. seem “似乎，好像”，其用法及搭配有：1) 后接adj. / n./ to do / 分词 / 介词短语等作表语。e.g. ①He seems quite pleased with your work. 看来他对你的工作还挺满意的。 ②He seemed to have a high opinion of you. 他对你好像评价很高。 seem后接to be，注意to be的省略情况。 e.g. ③Tom came to see you this morning. He seemed (to be) tired. 汤姆今天上午来看你，他看上去很疲惫。 ④Yesterday I met a man who seemed (to be) the famous director. 昨天我遇到一个人，他好像是位著名的导演。（名词由famous修饰） ⑤I spoke to a tall man who seemed to be the boss. （to be不能省略）我和一位看起来像是老板的人谈了话。（名词前无修饰词） 2) seem有两种否定形式。 e.g. ⑥She does not seem to be at home. = She seems not to be at home. 她好像不在家。 3) There seems (to be) 好像有，似乎有 e.g. ⑦There seems (to be) something wrong with your computer. 你的电脑好像出故障了。 4) It seems that / as if … 引导词that/as if有时可省略。 29. need n.“需要；必要；需求” e.g. ①There is no need for you to wait here. 你没有必要在这儿等了。 in need of 需要 e.g. ②You look tired. You are in need of sleep. 你看来很疲倦，你需要睡眠。 ③Are you in need of help? 你需要帮助吗？ have a need to do sth. 必须做…… There is a need for / of sth. 需要…… There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）没有必要做…… vt. “需要；有必要” e.g. ④You don’t need to come if you feel sick. 如果你不舒服，就不必来了。（如果后面的宾语和其主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，要用动名词的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式。） e.g. ⑤These trees need watering / to be watered. 这些树需要浇水。 30. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 与……保持联系（表状态）；be in touch with 与……有联系（表状态）；get in touch with 与……取得联系（表动作）；lose touch with 与……失去联系（表动作）；be out of touch with 与……失去联系（表状态） 31. no matter what / who / when / where / how = whatever / whoever / whenever / wherever / however 无论……（引导让步状语从句）e.g. ①No matter where you are, you can always find time to study. 无论你在哪里，你都可以挤出时间来学习。 ②No matter who telephones, say I’m out. 不管是谁打电话过来，都说我不在。 ③No matter what he may say, I’ll not change my mind. 无论他说什么我都不会改变主意。 ④No matter how hard it is, you must do your best. 无论多么困难，你都要尽力去干。 32. wh-ever的用法归纳：1)whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what/which/who/whom，位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。 e.g. ①Take whatever you want. (宾语从句) 你可以拿你想要的任何东西。②Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句) 不管谁违反了法律都应受到惩罚。③We will complete the work on time, no matter what happens. (状语从句)=Whatever happens, we will complete the work on time. 不管发生什么事，我们都将按时完成工作。 2)wherever，whenever，however只能引导让步状语从句，可以换成no matter where/when/how，可放在主句前或主句后。 e.g. ④Whenever he goes abroad, he will buy presents for his sister. =No matter when he goes abroad, …. 不论何时出国，他都为他的妹妹买礼物。 ⑤You can go no matter where you like. =You can go wherever you like. 你想去哪里就去吧。 ⑥He can go however he likes. 他爱怎么去就怎么去好了。 注：however还有“无论多么”的意思。 e.g. ⑦However cold it was, he wanted to go swimming. 不管天气多么冷，他都想去游泳。 ⑧However rich people are, they always want more. 不论有多富，人们总是不停地追求。 however 单独用还可以表示转折，意为“但是”。 e.g. ⑨He was ill. However, he went to work. 他病了，但他仍去上班了。 33. 1) whatever…既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，no matter…只能引导让步状语从句。 e.g. ①I don’t care about whatever she does to me. 我不在意她怎么对我。 ②No matter what / Whatever she does to him, he still love her. 无论她怎么对他，他都爱她。 2) whatever引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 e.g. ③Whatever he did was right. 凡是他做的都是正确的。 ④I’ll send whatever is needed. 需要什么我就送什么。 3) whatever和what引导名词性从句的区别：whatever相当于anything that，语气很强，侧重泛指；what相当于all that，everything that，the thing(s) that，侧重特指。 e.g. ⑤What he said was right. 他说的话是正确的。 34. call for 要求；需要 call for help 求救 e.g. ① I’ll call for you at six o’clock. 六点钟时我去接你。 ②Success calls for hard work. 成功要靠勤奋。 call at (some place) 拜访（某地） call on (sb.) 拜访（某人）；号召(call on sb. to do sth.) call off 取消 call up 召集；动员 35. 1) in case 连词，“免得，以防（万一），以备”，引导目的状语从句；“假使，如果”，引导条件状语从句（从句中不用将来时态，而是用一般现在时表将来，或用should / might do）。 e.g. ①Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。（引导目的状语从句） ②In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来了，就通知我。（引导条件状语从句） 2) in case of 介词短语，“假使，如果发生，万一” e.g. ③In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 万一发生火灾，就鸣警报。 3) 相关短语 in the case of 介词短语，“就……来说；至于……” e.g. ④In the case of the forest programme, we leave it for further discussion. 至于森林计划，我们留在以后讨论。 in no case “绝不”，置于句首，句子用倒装。 e.g. ⑤In no case should you give up. 你绝不应该放弃。 in any case “无论如何，不管怎样” e.g. ⑥In any case, do it better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。 in that case “如果那样” e.g. ⑦In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。 (in) nine cases out of ten “十有八九” e.g. ⑧It was Peter in nine cases out of ten who has broken the window. 十有八九是彼德打破了玻璃。 in all / most / particular cases “在任何/大多数/特殊情况下” in the present / the worst / this / possible case “在目前/最坏的/这种/可能的情况下” 4) case可表达：情况，情形；患者，病人；案情；案例 36. what is going on go on“发生，进行；（时间）过去” 37. What colour单独使用不修饰名词时，colour也可用复数；若修饰名词，则只能用单数。 e.g. ①What colours are they? ②What colour shoes do you want? 你想要什么颜色的鞋？ What size（多大尺寸），What shape（什么形状）用法同上。 38. Which one sells the best in your class? sell vi. “卖（得如何）”，不用被动。write, read, wash等都有类似用法。 39. according to 按照，根据……所说 40. the negative effect 负面作用 41. revise the laws 修订法律 42. protect the rights of women and children 保护妇女儿童的权利 43. as much as + 不可数名词 “多达；达到……程度” as many as + 可数名词复数 注意其与同级比较之间的差别。 44. take over 接管；接收；接替 e.g. When he retired, his eldest son took over the farm. 他退休后，他的长子接管了农场。 45. the few “为数不多的，少数的”，表特指。 a few “少数几个”，不是特指。 46. make electricity 发电 47. break down 抛锚，坏了，垮了 48. do everything Q12 tells them to 为了避免重复，省略了to后面的动词do。当不定式为to be的形式时，不定式的省略应保留到be。 e.g. You’re much stronger than you used to be. 你比以前强壮多了。 49. room n. ［U］“空间，空地；余地” leave room for 为……留出地方 make room for 为……腾出地方 50. dream about / of sth. / doing sth. “梦想，幻想，想像某事（做某事）” 51. defeat 1) vt. “打败，击败；使落空，使无法对付” 2) n. ［U, C］“失败，输” defeat可表示战斗、竞争、比赛、辩论中击败对手，后接sb. beat主要用于比赛、竞争中击败对手，后接sb. 52. force 1) n. ［C, U］“力量，势力，暴力” by force 靠武力，强行 be in force 生效 put in / into force 使生效 the forces 军队，兵力 2) vt. “强迫，促使，强制” force sb. to do force sb. into doing force sb. / sth. + adj. / adv. / 介词短语 force one’s way 强行前进或进入 53. come up with “提出；赶上” e.g. ①Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world’s food supply. 科学家们必须为增加世界粮食供应提供新方法。 ②He walked so fast that I couldn’t come up with him. 他走得这么快，我都跟不上他。 come up “被提出”，主语是物。 e.g. ③Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting. 会上提出了一些可行性建议。 54. succeed vi. “成功” vt. “接续；继承” e.g. ①He succeeded in getting the job. 他谋得了那份工作。 ②Our plan has succeeded. 我们的计划取得了成功。 ③The millionaire’s eldest son will succeed to his estate. 这百万富翁的长子将继承他的产业。 ④The storm was succeeded by calm. 暴风雨后一片宁静。 success n. “成功”［U］ “成功的人或事”［C］ successful adj. “成功的” be successful in 在……方面成功 successfully adv. “成功地” 55. look up the new words in a dictionary = refer to a dictionary