知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *dormitory explain recognize surely diamond jewellery franc continue lovely debt precious *positive attend earn besides ball lecture silly author *outline quality experiment glove gas liquid advantage disadvantage *application engine *nuclear comfort unnecessary successful conduct lightning thunderstorm string charge electric shock prove tear frame handkerchief control sharp foot fasten sense *shampoo skin drug *activist doubt cruel view conclusion
词组 call on bring back day and night pay off at most act out a number of
a great number of pick out test on bring out try on come up with take care dream of doing build up * concentrate on belong to set free end up
语法 情态动词 构词法--合成
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.explain
例句集锦
v.
（1）I was asked to explain to him the meaning of the sentence.
我被要求向他解释那个句子的意思。
He explained the outline of his plan to us.
他向我们解释他的计划大纲。
（2）That explains her sudden anger.=That explains why she got angry all of a sudden.
那就能够说明她为什么突然生气了。
How do you explain your rude behavior?
你如何为自己的粗鲁行为辩解？
（3）Can you explain to me how to bake a cake?
你能不能向我说一下蛋糕的做法呢？
（4）He explained why he was late.
他解释为什么迟到。
She explained that she couldn’t come because she was ill.
她解释说因为生病所以她不能来了。
（5）What you’ve said is not clear.Please explain.
你说得不清楚，请再解释一下。
用法归纳
*explain用作动词（vi.& vt.），主要有以下义项：解释；说明（原因）。作及物动词时，后面可跟名词、复合宾语、动词不定式和宾语从句作宾语。
特别提示
表示“向某人解释某事”时，sb.前必须使用介词to，即explain to sb.sth./explain sth.to sb.。explain的名词为explanation。
2.recognize
例句集锦
v.
（1）Though she changed much,I recognized her at first sight.
虽然她变化很大，我还是一眼就认出了她。
I recognized Mary in the photograph.
我认出了照片中的玛丽。
（2）They recognized him to be a great leader.
他们承认他是一位伟大领袖。
They refused to recognize our government.
他们拒绝承认我们的政府。
（3）He didn’t recognize（=admit）that he had made a big mistake.
他不承认自己犯下了大错。
I recognize that he is cleverer than I am.
我承认他比我聪明。
（4）Do you recognize（=make out）his handwriting?
你能认出他的笔迹吗？
用法归纳
*recognize用作动词，有以下义项：认出；承认；分辨出。
特别提示
recognize,realize和know的区别：recognize=know again;make out“认出；分辨出”；realize=come to know“意识到”；know“认识”。
3.charge
例句集锦
v.
（1）How much do you charge for a room with a bath?
一间带浴室的房间多少钱？
They will charge at least $600 for moving the piano.
搬运这架钢琴最少要花费600美圆。
（2）They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.
一杯咖啡他们向我要5美圆。
（3）Please charge the money to my account.
请将这些钱记在我的账上。
（4）He charged me with being irresponsible.
他谴责我不负责任。
（5）Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.
母亲训诫我要诚实，不可偷窃。
（6）How often shall I charge the battery?
我多长时间充一次电？
n.
（1）What is the charge for using the hall?
那大厅的使用费是多少？
You can get service free of charge.
你可得到免费服务。
There is a 10 percent service charge.
收10％的服务费。
（2）Will that be cash or charge?
付现金还是记账？
（3）I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week,when the director is away.
下周董事离开，我将负责整个工厂。
The patient is in the charge of that doctor.
这位病人由那位医生负责。
The park is under the charge of the city.
这座公园由市政府管理。
We give her the charge of the house while we are away.
我们外出时，托付她管理家务。
用法归纳
*charge可以用作动词（vt.）和名词。主要义项有：要价；向某人收费；记账；谴责；命令；充电；管理；照顾；收费。
特别提示
注意in charge of “管理”和in the charge of...“……在某人的管理下”的区别。常用短语还有：free of charge “免费的”；take charge of “担任；管理”。
4.sense
例句集锦
n.
（1）What he said makes sense.
他说的话很有道理。
（2）Can you make sense of what I said?
你能理解我说的话吗？
（3）What you say is true in a sense.
就某种意义而言，你说的是实话。
（4）The five senses are sight,hearing,smell,taste and touch.
五种感官是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。
She has a poor sense of direction.
她的方向感很差。
Generally speaking,everyone has a sense of shame.
一般来说，每个人都有羞耻心。
He has no sense of business.
他没有经商意识。
（5）She lost her senses when she heard the news.
她听到这个消息就昏了过去。
v.
He sensed that his proposal was unwelcome.
他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。
The dog sensed danger and barked.
那条狗意识到危险后叫了起来。
He sensed that something had happened to his family.
他感觉到他家出事了。
用法归纳
*sense可以用作动词（vt.）和名词,主要义项有：感官，感觉；意义，意味等。
5.comfort
例句集锦
n.
（1）The priest spoke a few words of comfort to the dying man.
牧师对将要死去的人说了几句安慰的话。
He lives in great comfort.
他生活极为舒适。
His kindness gave her much/great comfort.
他对她和蔼可亲使她颇感安慰。
After retirement,he took comfort from/in reading.
退休后他从读书中得到慰藉。
（2）My husband was a great comfort to me when I was ill.
在我生病时，我的丈夫是我极大的安慰。
It is a comfort to know that she is safe.
得知她平安无事，是一个安慰。
A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.
在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯热牛奶真是舒服。
v.
I tried to comfort Jean after her mother’s death.
珍妮的妈妈去世后，我尽力安慰她。
The letter from home comforted him.
收到家书使他深感慰藉。
用法归纳
特别提示
comfort 表示“舒适；安慰”时为抽象名词，表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”时为可数名词。comfortable adj. 舒服的。例如：
The chair is comfortable to sit in.
这椅子坐上去很舒服。
●重点短语
1.call on
例句集锦
Please call on me next time you are in New York.
下次来纽约时请顺便来我家。
I’ll now call on Tom to answer.
=I’ll now call on Tom for an answer.
我现在就请汤姆回答。
相关归纳
（1）call at 参观、拜访某地
I called at Mr Brown’s office yesterday.
昨天我去了布朗先生的办公室。
（2）call for要求；需要；去接某人；去拿某物
This work calls for immediate action.
这项工作需要立刻行动。
I’ll call for you at 6 o’clock and we’ll go to the cinema together.
我六点去接你，然后我们一块去电影院。
（3）call up打电话；使想起；使回忆起
I’ll call you up this afternoon.
今天下午我给你打电话。
The music calls up old times.
这音乐使人回忆起旧日时光。
（4）call in召集；请；要求退回；收回
Call the doctor in!快请医生来！
The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.
生产商已经收回了一些有严重缺陷的汽车。
（5）call off决定取消；下令停止
The football match was called off because of the heavy rain.
因大雨足球比赛被取消。
（6）call back叫回；再度访问；回电话
I was about to leave when he called me back.
我刚要离开，他把我叫了回来。
2.pick out
例句集锦
She picked out the shoes that match the dress.
她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。
Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?
你能在这人群中找出你的兄弟吗？
The houses in the painting were picked out in white.
这幅画中的房子以白色凸现出来。
I managed to pick out the passage.
我终于理解了这篇文章的意思。
相关归纳
（1）pick at 申诉；指责；吃一点点
His mother picked at him for being lazy.
他母亲指责他懒惰。
The sick woman just picked at the food he brought.
那生病的女人只吃了一点点他带来的食物。
（2）pick on 选择某人
The teacher always picked on me to answer a hard question.
老师总是挑我回答困难的问题。
The examiner can pick on any student to answer questions.
测试者可能选择任何一位学生回答问题。
（3）pick up 拾起；让乘客上车；驾车接某人；恢复；偶然得到；接收广播
After staying in hospital for long,the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick up his health.
在医院住了很久以后，医生建议这位病人到海边去恢复健康。
I picked up the book on the ground.
我从地上拾起那本书。
It’s easy for my radio to pick up VOA English.
我的收音机能很容易地收听到《美国之音》的英语节目。
The lost child was picked up by the police.
那迷路的孩子由警察把他收留了。
I’ll pick you up at your home.
我开车到你家去接你。
He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
他在因公去巴黎期间学会了一些法语。
（4）pick over 慎重地调查；仔细地检查
He picked over a basket of apples.
他仔细地挑选了一篮子苹果。
特别提示
pick out的同义词为choose，注意比较select的意思为“仔细挑选”。另外要特别注意pick up的多义。
3.pay off
例句集锦
I’ve now paid off all my debts.
我现在已经全部付清债务了。
Did your plan pay off ?
你的计划成功了吗？
相关归纳
（1）pay back偿还
He paid back his debts.他偿还了借款。
Can you lend me some money?I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
你能不能借给我一些钱？我明天就还你。
He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.
他还给我欠我的那100美圆。
（2）pay for付款；受到报应
Did you pay him 100 dollars for that old bicycle?
你付给他100美圆买他那辆旧自行车了吗？
How much did you pay the electrician for fixing the TV?
你付给电工多少钱修理电视机？
Did you pay for the book?
那本书你付过钱了吗？
You’ll have to pay for your crime.
你将为你的罪行受到惩罚。
4.bring out
例句集锦
We brought out the chairs and did some sun-bathing.
我们把椅子搬出来，做日光浴。
She has brought out two new books at the same time.
她同时出版了两本新书。
This picture is very clear and brings out the wrinkles in her face.
这张相片非常清晰，把她脸上的皱纹都照出来了。
The company is bringing out a new kind of soap.
这家公司在生产一种新香皂。
Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities.
困难可以显现一个人的最佳品质。
相关归纳
（1）bring up抚养；提出；呕吐
She has brought up five children.
她养育了五个孩子。
He was ill and brought up his dinner.
他病了，把午饭都吐出来了。
（2）bring down使价格降低
I don’t know what brought down the price of clothing.
我不知道衣服为什么降价。
He aimed,fired and brought down the fox.
他瞄准、开枪把那只狐狸打倒了。
（3）bring about引起；导致＝cause to happen
What brought about the forest fire?
什么引起的这场森林大火？
I don’t know what brought about the change in his thinking.
我不知道什么原因导致他改变想法。
（4）bring in引进；赚取
The business brings in $100 000 every year.
这个买卖每年可赚10万美圆。
The open policy brings in a lot of new fashion.
开放政策带来了许多新时尚。
His new job brings in an extra hundred dollars a month.
他的新工作给他带来每月100美圆的额外收入。
His talk brought in some new ideas.
他的谈话带来了一些新的观点。
（5）bring forward提出；提议
Now I’d like to bring forward the question of funds.
我现在要提出资金的问题。
A plan was brought forward to allow workers to share in profits.
提出了一项允许工人分享利润的计划。
（6）bring back带回；使忆起
Bring me the book back from Paul’s.
从保罗那儿把那本书给我带回来。
The landscape brought back my hometown which I had left five years before.
那风景使我回忆起离别五年的家乡。
特别提示
bring out在表示“出版”的意思时，相当于publish，为及物动词短语。而短语come out表示“出版”的意思时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。例如：When does John’s new book come out?
●必背句型
1.That’s ...引导的表语从句结构
教材原句
That’s why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
那就是为什么我们看到的颜色像彩虹一样扩散开。
That is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.
那就是为什么爱因斯坦和他的家人于1933年离开欧洲到了美国。
That’s how he made a living when he stayed in London.
那就是他在伦敦期间如何谋生的。
That’s because of hard work.（介词短语作表语）
那是因为艰苦的工作。
特别提示
在该句型结构中，that’s...后面可以用why“那是为什么……”，how “那是如何……”，because “那是因为……”，where “那是……地方”，when “那是……时候”，what “那是……的”。
补充例句
That’s because I was too busy then.
那是因为我当时很忙。
Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
坚忍不拔是一种素质，这种素质是做好任何事情所需要的。
-Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
你仍在想着昨天的比赛吗？
-Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
正是昨天的比赛使我感到兴奋。
2.表示“价值；花费”的句型
教材原句
It was worth five hundred francs at most.
它至多值500法郎。
It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.
它花了我们36 000法郎。
A new dress costs over four hundred francs.
一件新的礼服要400多法郎。
特别提示
（1）be worth+money,sth.+cost+money的意思相同，表示“某样东西值多少钱”，而sth.cost sb.+money表示“某种东西花了某人多少钱”的意思。表示“花费”的句型还有：sb.+spend+money/time+on sth./（in）doing sth.;sb.+pay money+for sth.;It takes sb.some time to do sth.;pay money for sth.;buy sth.for money
（2）be worth doing 表示“……值得……”，需要用主动形式表示被动意义。
补充例句
This book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一读。
His suggestion is worth considering.
他的提议值得考虑。
How much did it cost to build the bridge?
建这座桥花费了多少钱？
It will cost you 500 dollars to repair the car.
修理这部汽车你要花费500美圆。
Such a difficult job costs a lot of time and effort.
这么困难的工作需要耗费极多的时间和精力。
I spent my summer vacation（in）reading and fishing.
我的暑假是在看书和钓鱼中度过的。
It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
我们从这里步行去车站要30分钟。
3.祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陈述句结构
教材原句
Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
把手帕四角与龙骨端头绑牢，就可以成为很好的结实的风筝了。
特别提示
用and,then表示递进关系，“那么”的意思；用or或otherwise表示转折关系，“否则”的意思。该句型可以用if或unless引导的条件状语从句替换，即“条件句+陈述句”，这时后面的连词就不需要了。
补充例句
Work hard,and you’ll be successful in time.
=If you work hard,you will be successful in time.
只要你努力，一定会成功。
Get ready or/otherwise you won’t pass the test.
=If you don’t get ready,you won’t pass the test.
=Unless you get ready,you won’t pass the test.
作好准备，要不你小测验不会及格的。
4.to do作表语的句型结构
教材原句
What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?
特别提示
be to do结构可以用来表示安排、命令、职责、用途、命中注定要发生的动作等。
补充例句
We are to meet at the school gate.
我们约定在校门口碰头。
You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你得在10点钟前回来。
I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou.
我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。
A knife is to cut with.刀是用来切割的。
They were never to meet again.
他们注定永远不会再见面了。
疑难突破
1.go on doing,go on to do,go on with,continue
go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事。
go on to do sth.指接着做另外一件事。
go on with sth.指继续同一件事，此时 with 后能接名词、代词，不能跟v.-ing 形式。
continue 继续同一件事，也可以是另一件事。该词有以下用法：①continue+ n.；②continue doing/to do；③continue（to be）+adj.
应用
（1）The rain ______ for three days.
（2）They ______ their game after lunch.
（3）He ______ writing/to write late into the night.
（4）The weather ______（=remains）cold.
（5）After a short rest,they ______ working.
（6）After finishing the words,they ______ to go over the text.
（7）Einstein ______ his research.
答案：（1）continued （2）continued/went on with （3）continued （4）continues （5）went on （6）went on （7）went on with
2.take care,take care of
take care of “爱护；照顾”，后跟名词或代词,不可单独使用。
take care “小心；注意”,后面可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟that从句。
特别提示
watch out和look out也有“当心；注意”的意思，但用法不同。这两个短语可以单独使用，表示警告，另外也可以构成watch out for.../look out for...表达“注意，留意”的意思。
应用
（1）______ that you don’t spoil your clothes.
（2）______ not to drop it!
（3）She stayed at home to ______ the baby.
（4）______ for a tall man in a black hat.
（5）______!The train is coming!
答案：（1）Take care （2）Take care （3）take care of （4）Watch out/Look out （5）Look out/Watch out
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，33）Lose one hour in the morning ______ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
A.but B.and C.or D.so
剖析：本题考查句型结构中的连词用法。句型“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示“这么做，那么就会怎么样”的意思。
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全国卷I ，35）I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.______,the walk will do me good.
A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides
剖析：本题考查副词的用法。从句子的意思可以看出，这里使用besides，表示“另外”的意思，即“我不介意……，另外步行还对我有好处”。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年湖北，26）-Excuse me.Is it the right way to the Summer Palace?
-Sorry,I’m not sure.But it ______ be.
A.might B.will C.must D.can
剖析：本题考查情态动词的用法。从句子语境分析，I’m not sure表明把握性不大，所以在这种情况下进行推测时使用might，表示“或许”的意思。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年春季上海，48）I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ______ to me.
A.meaning B.importance C.sense D.significance
剖析：本题考查名词辨析。从句子的语境去分析，短语make sense “有意义；理解；明白”的意思，符合要求。参见“重点精讲4”。
答案：C