高中第一册（下）
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 fat stomach fever ripe ought examine plenty diet fit gain energy
soft bar fuel chemical balance tasty boil mixture sleepy brain steam *theme *parade fighting *conflict argument major probably honour *ancestor *principle nation purpose *creativity *faith *commercial joy light similar generation *salute kiss cheek nod celebration respect gift cycle fool invitation
词组 ought to plenty of keep up with make a right choice short of now and then roll up dress up in one’s opinion give thanks to play a trick on sb. take in cut...into pieces lead a ...life
语法 情态动词
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.fit
例句集锦
n.
These shoes are a perfect fit.
这双鞋子很合脚。
The coat is a bad fit.那件外套不合身。
What a fit!多么合身的衣服啊！
v.
（1）This jacket fits me well.
这件夹克很合我的身。
Why,the key doesn’t fit the lock!
哎呀，这把钥匙不是这把锁的!
What do you want to drink?Will beer fit the bill?
你想喝什么？啤酒可以吗？
（2）These shoes fit perfectly.
这双鞋子完全合脚。
The lid fits badly.那盖子根本盖不上。
（3）It is difficult to fit a suit on him because he is so irregularly built.
他的体形和常人不大相同，很难有合身的衣服。
（4）Please find a coat to the customer.
请找一件适合这位顾客穿的外套。
adj
（1）We meet next week.Do you know a fit place?
我们下星期要开会，你知道什么合适的场所吗？
（2）What kind of job is he fit for?
他适合什么样的工作？
（3）I have no dress fit to wear in public.
我没有适合在公共场合穿的衣服。
Is this water fit to drink?这水能喝吗？
The house isn’t fit for you to live in.
这栋房子不适合你居住。
（4）It is not fit for you to talk like that.
=It is not fit that you（should）talk like that.
你那样说很不得体。
（5）Exercise keeps you fit.
运动能使你保持健康。
用法归纳
*fit可用作动词、名词和形容词。主要义项有：合身的衣服，适合，合适的，适合……的。
特别提示、
fit用作名词时常与不定冠词连用；用作动词时一般表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人穿，如表示衣服的款式或颜色适合某人一般用suit表示。
2.purpose
例句集锦
n.
（1）For what purpose did you go to Africa?
你到非洲去有什么目的？
I didn’t meet him for the mere purpose of talking.
我并不是仅为了谈话才见他。
My purpose in going there was to meet some people on business.
我去那儿的目的是会见商务人士。
answer/serve one’s purpose 符合需要；carry out a purpose 实现目标
（2）What’s the main purpose of this building?
这栋建筑物的主要用途是什么？
Is there any purpose in waiting?
等下去有用吗？
（3）I think he lost the key on purpose.
我认为他是故意丢失钥匙的。
He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.
他为了卖自己的一幅画而特意进城。
His explanation was not to the purpose.
他的解释不得要领。
用法归纳
*purpose常用作名词，有两个义项：目的（可数名词）；用途，效果（不可数名词）。
特别提示
短语on purpose的反义词为by chance或by accident“偶然”。
3.respect
例句集锦
n.
（1）Children should show respect for their teachers.
孩子应该尊敬老师。
The doctor was held in respect by everyone.
这位医生受到了大家的尊敬。
（2）He has no respect for his promise.他不重视他的诺言。
We must have respect for the needs of the general readers.
我们必须考虑到一般读者的需要。
He has no respect for the feelings of others.
他毫不在意别人的心情。
（3）My mother sends her respects to you.我母亲向你问好。
v.
He is respected by everyone.
他受到了大家的尊重。
Do you respect the laws of your country?
你们尊重贵国的法律吗？
If you don’t respect yourself,how can you expect others to respect you?
如果你不尊重自己，怎么期望别人尊重你？
用法归纳
*respect可以用作名词和动词（vt.）。主要有以下义项：尊敬；尊重；考虑；重视。作名词时常为不可数名词，复数respects的意思为问候，问好，相当于regards,wishes。
特别提示
注意respect构成的短语：pay respect to 考虑；尊重；with respect to 关于；without respect to 不管；不考虑；in respect of 涉及，关于，在……方面；as respects 就……而言，关于
4.gift
例句集锦
n.
（1）a Christmas/birthday gift 圣诞（生日）礼物
He made a gift of $10 000 to his old high school.
他给他的高中母校捐赠了10 000美圆。
（2）He is a boy of many gifts.
他是个多才多艺的孩子。
He has a gift for music.他有音乐天赋。
用法归纳
*gift用作名词，一般有两个义项：礼物（同义词present）,捐赠，天才，天赋。gifted 为形容词，意思为“有天赋的；有天资的”。a gifted musician一位有天赋的音乐家
特别提示
注意比较gifted“有天赋的”，skilled“有技术的”和experienced“有经验的”。
5.salute
例句集锦
v.
He saluted his friends with a wave of the hand.
他挥挥手向他的朋友致意。
The guard saluted the general smartly.
卫兵非常精神地向将军行礼。
n.
They fired a salute of ten guns.
他们鸣礼炮十响。
He raised his hat as a friendly salute.
他举帽行礼。
They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute.
他们在墓旁脱帽默哀。
用法归纳
*salute可以用作动词（vi.& vt.）和名词，主要义项有：致敬，行礼，向某人表达敬意。短语in salute的意思为“以表示敬意”。
●重点短语
1.take in
例句集锦
Please take in the washing,if it rains.
如果下雨，请把洗的衣服收进来。反义词：take out（拿出）
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
这位好心的老太太主动收容那位可怜的无家可归的陌生人。
The poor widow earns money by taking in washing.
那位可怜的寡妇在家里替人洗衣服度日。
The tour takes in some famous old castles.
这趟观光旅行包括参观若干著名的古堡。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods.
那些推销员欺骗老人，让他们购买劣质货物。
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.
我花了很长时间理解你说的话。
Can you take in this dress for me?It’s too loose round the waist.
你能把这件衣服改小一下吗？腰部太肥。反义词：let out（放大）
相关归纳
（1）take along带……一起去
It’s going to rain;you’d better take along a raincoat with you.
天要下雨，你最好随身带着雨衣。
（2）take away拿走
Not to be taken away!不可拿走！
The child was taken away from school.
那孩子不被允许上学了。
（3）take back取回；归还
I take back what I said.我收回我所说的话。
Shopkeepers will not usually take back goods after they have been paid off.
商店主人一般不收回已付过款的货物。
（4）take off除去；脱掉；动身；起飞
When I got to the airport,the plane had taken off.
我到达机场时飞机已经起飞了。
You should take your toys off the table.
你应该把桌子上的玩具拿走。
I’d like to take off for home tomorrow.
我想明天启程回家。
Take your coat off.脱掉你的外套吧。
（5）take on雇佣，承担，呈现
The manager will take on a new secretary.
经理打算雇用一个新秘书。
Don’t take on more work than you can do.
不要接受超过你所能负荷的工作量。
I’m glad to find that our school has taken on a new look.
我很高兴地发现我们学校呈现出新面貌。
（6）take up拿起；占空间；消耗时间；开始从事；继续
She took up her bag and left.
她拿起包就离开了。
Visiting grandfather will take up the whole of Sunday.
看望祖父将占用整个星期天的时间。
John took up art while at school.
约翰在学校期间开始学习艺术。
I’ll take up the story where I finished yesterday.
我将在昨天结束的地方继续这个故事。
Carry the table out.It takes up too much room.
把这个桌子搬出去，它太占空间。
2.dress up
例句集锦
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner.
你不必为这次晚宴而打扮。
I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我喜欢穿上古装的乐趣。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
这小姑娘把自己装扮成天使。
相关归纳
（1）be dressed in穿着
The lady was dressed in white at the party.
那女士在晚会上穿着一件白色衣服。
The girl was poorly（well）dressed.
那女孩穿着寒酸（华丽）的衣服。
（2）dress down 责骂某人；穿着随便
He dressed down while working in the field.
在地里干活时他穿着很随便。
特别提示
特别注意表示“穿”的词语比较，可从表示动作表示状态和所跟宾语三个方面去区别。表示动作的有put on,try on;表示状态的有wear,be dressed in,be in,have...on;dress的宾语为“人”，其他动词的宾语均为衣物。
3.send away
例句集锦
He sent his son away/off to school in Germany.
他将儿子送到德国上学。
He was sent away because he was not strict in his work.
因对工作要求不严格他被开除了。
I couldn’t get this kind of lamp in town,so I sent away for it.
在城里我买不到这种电灯，所以我寄款邮购。
相关归纳
（1）send out 分发；发出；派出；长出
The sun sends out light and warmth.
太阳发出光和热。
send out invitations/orders 发出邀请或命令
The trees send out new leaves in spring.
春天树木发出新芽。
（2）send off 为某人送行=see sb.off
Many of his friends went to the airport to send him off.
很多朋友都到机场为他送行。
（3）send up发射；使上升
They will send up another man-made satellite next month.
下个月他们将发射另一颗人造卫星。
The good news sent prices up on the market.
这个好消息使物价上涨了。
（4）send for派人去叫某人；派人去拿某物
We must send for a man to repair the TV.
我们必须叫人来修理电视机。
Please keep these things until I send for them.
请替我保存这些东西，等我派人来取。
特别提示
send away在表示“开除；解雇”时，其同义词为dismiss；反义词为take on或employ “雇佣”。
●必背句型
1.only引导的倒装句型
教材原句
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有这样，我们对生活中的挑战和机遇才会有充分的准备。
特别提示
只有only引导状语成分位于句首时，主句才使用主谓倒装的句式，即一般疑问句的语序。
补充例句
（1）Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
（2）Only when you reminded me did I know that I should have done it.
只有当你提醒我，我才知道我本应该做那事的。
2.instead（of）构成的句型
教材原句
Instead of eating expensive diet foods or going on unhealthy diets,we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
不必吃昂贵的食疗食品，或者进行不健康的节食，我们只须尽量少吃脂肪和糖，多运动即可。
特别提示
instead of后面可以跟名词、代词或动名词，同义词为in place of。另外，instead还可以用作副词，表示“代替，而是”的意思。
补充例句
（1）Can you have the meeting on Thursday instead of Saturday?
你们能星期四而不是星期六开会吗？
He will attend the meeting instead of me.
他将代替我参加会议。
（2）Instead of just complaining all the time,why don’t you do something about it!
别老是发牢骚，你干吗不干点事情！
（3）I was ill so he went to attend the meeting instead.
我病了，因此他代替我参加了会议。
（4）She never studies. Instead,she plays tennis all day.
她从不学习。相反，她整天打网球。
3.each time引导状语从句
教材原句
Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.
每次庆祝节日它都会有一点变化。这样我们的文化发展才有生机。
特别提示
each time在此相当于连接副词的作用，引导时间状语从句。表示动作的习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。也可以用every time表示。另外，the first time,next time,the time,the moment也可以用来引导状语从句。
补充例句
（1）Each time we made mistakes in our homework,he would ask us to correct them.
每次我们作业中出现错误时，他总是要求我们改正。
Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
每次你在社交场合遇到人时，集中精力于他四分钟。
Every time I saw him,I was overcome by his brilliance.
每次见到他，都为他的聪颖倾倒。
（2）Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次你进城一定要来看我们。
She rushed into the room immediately/the moment she heard the noise.
她一听到这声音，就冲进了房间。
He left me a good impression the first time I met him.
我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。
疑难突破
1.keep up,keep sb.up,keep up with,catch up with
keep up“振作，使不低落”，后跟名词。
keep sb.up“使……迟睡”比较：stay up“熬夜，不睡觉”。
keep up with“赶上，不落后”，侧重于“不被拉下”。
catch up with“追赶上”，侧重表示“从落后的状态追赶上”。
应用
（1）______ your courage/spirits.
（2）Go on in front,I’ll soon ______ you.
（3）Generally speaking,people in the country can ______ old customs.
（4）It’s wrong to ______ the children ______ so late.
（5）Teachers ought to especially care for those who can’t ______ the class.
答案：（1）Keep up （2）catch up with（catch you up） （3）keep up （4）keep...up （5）keep up with
2.check,examine,test,look up
check v. & n.着重于核对，查明是否正确。
examine v. 这一检查着重于通过检查这一手段去发现新的东西或情况。有时可和check换用。
test v.& n.试验，检验；考验
look up v.查阅（词典等工具书）以获取有关的信息。
应用
（1）I ______ my schoolbag to see if I’ve left the pen.
（2）You must do an experiment to ______ what he said.
（3）A policeman ______ his bag to see if there were any drugs.
（4）When I ______ my shopping list,I found I’d forgotten to buy eggs.
（5）You’d better ______ the word in the dictionary if you don’t know how to use it.
（6）I can’t see things clearly,I’d like to go to the doctor’s to have my eyes______.
答案：（1）checked （2）test （3）examined/checked （4）checked （5）look up （6）examined
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，25）______ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the US would be higher than the number of English speakers by ______ year 2090.
A.A;the B.The;/ C.The;/ D.The;a
剖析：本题考查冠词的用法。第一处用不定冠词，表示“某一份报告”的意思。第二处因为特指2090年，所以使用定冠词。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年重庆，34）I failed in the final examination last term and only then______ the importance of studies.
A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize
剖析：本题考查倒装句型。当only引导的状语位于句首时，需要使用主谓倒装语序。参见必背句型1。时间状语only then表明此处使用一般过去时态。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年全国，29）-Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
-No,it ______ be him,I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A.can’t B.must not C.won’t D.may not
剖析：本题考查情态动词的用法。从后面一句话所提供的语境分析，“我对此非常有把握”，所以“绝对不可能是他”。情态动词must不能用于否定的推测，此时应该使用can’t。
答案：A