unit11
§2.1词句贯通
1.significant adj.意义重大的，重要的，有意义的
a significant date 一个重要的日期
It is a significant change in the system.
这是制度上的重大改变。
The Olympic Games is a significant event for the country.
举办奥运会是对该国具有重大意义的事件。
Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.
青霉素是一项极其重要的医学发现。
He gave her a significant look.
他意味深长地看了她一眼。
be significant of… 意味着，表示……
His silence was significant of his displeasure.
他的沉默显示了他心中的不快。
The laughter was significant of the crowd’s respect for the speaker.
这笑声表示观众对演讲人的尊敬。
2.likely adj.很可能的
①sb./sth.is likely to do sth. “某人或某事可能会……”
He is likely to win.他可能会赢。
Are we likely to arrive on time?
我们会按时到达吗？
It is likely to rain tonight.
今晚可能下雨。
An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.
如不小心，你就可能出事故。
②It is likely that… “很可能会……”
Is it likely that he will arrive so late?
他可能会来得很晚吗？
It is not likely that she should have said so.
她不可能这么说。
adv.大概，或许，很可能；通常与most,very,quite等连用。
He will very likely pass the exam.
他可能会通过考试的。
Most likely his attempt will fail.
很可能他的尝试会失败。
3.private adj.私立的，私人的，非公开的
He attended a private school in town.
他曾就读于城里的一所私立学校。
You can get a private doctor to operate on him.
你可以找个私人医生为他做手术。
This is my private view.
这是我个人的看法。
He is here on private business.
他是因私事来这里的。
It’s wrong to read people’s private letters without permission.
未经允许看私人信件是不对的。
I wish to have a private talk with you.
我想私下与你谈谈。
in private“私下地，秘密地，不公开地”
It isn’t the sort of thing one should talk of in private.
这不是那种可以私下谈论的事情。
He can be very rude in private, though in public he’s usually polite.
他虽然在公共场合彬彬有礼，但私底下却很粗野。
4.grasp vt.抓住，抓牢，理解
He reached out, grasped my hand, and shook it.
他伸出手，抓住我的手握了一下。
He grasped her firmly by the arm.
他紧紧抓住她的手臂。
If you grasp the rope I will pull you up.
你抓紧绳子，我把你拉上来。
Grasp your chances while you can.
只要有可能，就要抓住你的机会。
You must grasp this opportunity to study abroad.
你要抓住这次出国学习的机会。
I didn’t quite grasp what he was talking about.
对他所讲的，我不太理解。
I grasped the main points of the speech.
我理解了这次讲话的要点。
5.set foot in到达，进入，踏上
I left him, determined never to set foot in that house again.
我离开了他，决心再也不踏进那个家门。
She had never set foot in a place as grand as this before.
她以前从没到过这么大的地方。
I’ll never set foot in Tokyo again.
我再也不会踏进东京一步。
6.failure n.失败[U]；失败的事或人[C]
Failure is the mother of success.
失败乃成功之母。
His plans ended in failure.
他的计划以失败而告终。
It was clear that the policy was a failure.
很明显，那项政策失败了。
But this plan, too, can be nothing but a failure.
但这项计划也只能会失败。
Gary was a failure as a football player.
作为一个足球运动员，加里是个失败者。
Success comes after many failures.
成功是源于很多次的失败后得来的。
7.locate vt.设置(机关、店铺等)，设立(工厂、办公室等)；确定……的位置
They decided to locate their new office in Hong Kong.
他们决定在香港设立新的办事处。
We located the island on the map.
我们在地图上确定那个岛的位置。
be located in/on… 坐落于……，位于……
Our school is located in the centre of the town.
我们学校坐落于市镇的中心。
The country is located in the southern part of Africa.
该国位于非洲南部。
8.luggage n.(总称)行李
He did not have much luggage.
他没有很多行李。
You are only allowed to take one piece of hand luggage onto a plane.
你只可携带一件手提行李上飞机。
They left their luggage at the station.
他们把行李忘在了车站。
注：luggage是不可数名词。
9.put forward提出，建议，推荐
He had no desire to put forward his plan.
他不想提出他的计划。
Are you serious in putting forward such a view?
你真的要提出这种观点吗？
The theory was laughed at when it was first put forward.
这个理论刚提出时，就受到了嘲笑。
We put him forward for the position of chairman.
我们推举他当主席。
10.announce vt.宣布，宣告，显示
He phoned me to announce his decision.
他打电话给我，宣布了他的决定。
The government announced its new economic policies.
政府发布了新的经济政策。
We have announced our engagement to some friends only.
我们只告知某些朋友有关我们订婚的事。
It has been announced that he will resign.
他已经将辞职的消息宣布了。
He announced that he would pay his debts.
他宣布他将偿还债务。
Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.
请告知你们班的学生明天不上课。
A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.
温暖的阳光显示春天即将来到。
§2.2发散思维
1.rely on 依靠，依赖，信赖，指望
We may rely on his promises.
我们可以信赖他的诺言。
The man is not to be relied on.
这个人不可靠。
We must rely on our own efforts.
我们一定要靠自己的努力。
They rely heavily on us for help.
他们很依赖我们的帮助。
rely on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.
你可以相信彼特会做他答应做的事的。
I rely on her to pay back the money.
我相信她会还钱。
rely on one’s doing sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
Don’t rely on my seeing you off.
不要指望我为你送行。
We can’t rely on his coming in time.
我们不能指望他会按时来到。
rely on it that… 相信……，指望……
You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.
你放心好了，他会来接见你的。
2.arrange vt.安排，筹划，整理，布置
I have to arrange my affairs before going away.
在走之前，我得把我的事情安排好。
Please arrange the books on the shelves.
请把架子上的书整理好。
She helped me arrange the flowers.
她帮助我养花。
The travel agency has arranged everything for our trips to Canada.
旅行社已为我们的加拿大之行准备好一切。
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事，预定做某事
I’ve arranged to see her tomorrow morning.
我安排明天上午会见她。
He arranged to meet us at the hotel at one o’clock.
他预定1点到宾馆与我们见面。
arrange for 安排，准备
I have to arrange for everything.
我必须准备好一切。
I’ll arrange for a car to pick you up at the airport.
我会安排一辆汽车到机场去接你。
They have arranged for another man to take his place.
他们已安排另一个人去接替他的位置。
unit12
§2.1词句贯通
1.collision n.碰撞，冲突
a head-on collision正面冲突或相撞
He was killed in a car collision.
他在一次汽车相撞中死亡。
His car had a collision with a bus.
他的车与公交车相撞了。
A collision with Parliament could ruin the government’s plans.
与议会的冲突可能会破坏政府的计划。
be in collision (with)/come into collision (with)(与……)冲突，相撞，发生矛盾
The two ships came into collision.
那两只船相撞了。
People with revolutionary ideas may find themselves in collision with the forces of the law.
想革命的人会发现他们自己与法律的势力水火不相容。
2.permanent adj.永久的，固定的，长期不变的
permanent peace 长久的和平
a permanent job 固定的职业
The drug may cause permanent brain damage.
这种药可能会引起永久性的脑部伤害。
This is my permanent address.
这是我的固定居所。
After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a permanent job.
做了一个星期的零工后，他找到了一份固定工作。
3.voyage n.航海，航行
The ship set out on a long voyage.
那艘船出发进行长途航行。
The voyage to England took seven days.
这次去英国的航行时间是七天。
We made a voyage to Australia.
我们航行到了澳大利亚。
He is now on the voyage home.
他正在返航途中。
David went on a voyage around the world.
大卫作了环游世界的航行。
When I give up work I shall make/take a long sea voyage.
我离职后要作一次长途航海旅行。
4.aboard adv.在船(飞机、车)上，上船，上飞机
All aboard!各位请上船(飞机、车)!
Welcome aboard!欢迎大家乘船(飞机、车)!
All 257 aboard died in the airliner crash.
那次飞机失事中，机上的257名乘客全部遇难。
We got aboard though the boat was crowded.
虽然船上很拥挤，我们还是上了船。
He came running along and climbed aboard just as the train was to pull out.
就在火车即将开动时，他跑过来了并爬上了火车。
5.gentle adj.温和的，温柔的，有礼貌的，文雅的
Mothers are always gentle with their children.
母亲对待孩子总是温柔体贴。
My new teacher is both gentle and encouraging toward me.
我的新老师对我既温和又鼓励。
Mary is very gentle; she never talks roughly.
玛丽很文雅，她从来不说粗话。
She was small, and gentle in her voice and movements.
她小巧玲珑，声音温柔，动作文雅。
She gave the baby a gentle pat on the back.
她在小孩的背上轻轻地拍了一下。
6.throw light on/upon使……显得非常清楚
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
现代科学的发展已使这个问题明朗化。
Can you throw any light on the problem?
你能把这个问题阐述清楚吗？
The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake.
这个信息可以解开贝克医生之迷。
7.matter n.事情，问题[C]；物质，内容[U]
a private matter 私事
the matter under discussion 讨论中的问题
Political matters interest him greatly.
他对政治问题深感兴趣。
It’s no laughing matter.
这不是开玩笑的事。
The world is made up of matter.
世界是由物质组成的。
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
物质以三种形态存在，即固体、液体和气体。
The matter in your essay is excellent.
你文章的内容写得很好。
8.phenomena n.[pl.]现象，奇迹(单数形式是phenomenon)
Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.
下雨和下雪是天气现象。
The phenomena were observed by astronomers throughout the world.
全世界的天文学家都观测到了这种现象。
That’s a natural phenomenon.
那是一种自然现象。
An eclipse is an interesting phenomenon.
日食是很有趣的现象。
Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.
贝多芬是音乐家中的奇才。
A child who can play the piano at the age of two would be called a phenomenon.
两岁就能弹钢琴的小孩可称为奇才。
9.labour n.努力；劳动，劳动果实
mental labour 脑力劳动
physical labour 体力劳动
Workers are paid for their labour.
工人以劳动获得报酬。
His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.
这本新书是他大约三年努力的成果。
It is labour to read the Bible through.
读完圣经是件相当吃力的工作。
10.hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑，踌躇
She hesitated before picking up the phone.
她在拿起听筒前犹豫了一下。
She’s still hesitating about sending her son to college.
她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。
We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.
去巴黎要住哪儿，我们很少有拿不定主意的情况。
Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.
如果你有什么要求，请告诉我，不要犹豫。
I hesitate to ask you, but will you recommend me for the post?
向你提要求真不好意思，请你推荐我去担任那项职务好吗？
hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇
without hesitation毫不犹豫
I had no hesitation in telling the truth.
我毫不迟疑地说出了实情。
§2.2发散思维
1.distance n.距离
当询问距离是多少时，要用what提问。
What’s the distance to London?
到伦敦的距离是多少？
distance的修饰语常用some,good,great,long,short等。
It’s a good distance away.
离得很远。
The villagers have to walk a long distance to get water.
村民们要走很远去取水。
distance常构成下列短语：
within walking distance“在步行可及的地方，几步之遥”
The park is within (easy) walking distance of my house.
公园离我家只有几步之遥。
My parents live within walking distance of me.
我父母住在我家附近。
at/from a distance (of)“从远处”
This picture looks better at a distance.
从远处看，这张画更好看。
Now and then he stepped back to look at his work from a distance.
他不时地退后几步从远处看一看他的作品。
One can see the ancient ruins at/from a distance of 20 miles.
人们从20英里之处就能看到这个古迹。
in the distance“在远处，远方的”
A ship could be seen in the distance.
可以看到远方有一艘船。
I made out three figures moving in the distance.
我看到远处有三个黑影在活动。
keep sb.at a distance “与某人保持一段距离，不很亲密”
Mr.Smith is kind to the workers in his store, but after work he keeps them at a distance.
史密斯先生对他商店的工人很好，但下班后却与他们不很亲密。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很难搞懂她，因为她总是与人保持一定的距离。
2.attention n.注意力，注意，留心，关心
It is difficult to hold the students’ attention for more than an hour.
要让学生们持续集中注意力达一个小时以上，真是很难。
This matter requires our close attention.
这件事我们必须密切注意。
He drew attention to the rising unemployment.
失业率日渐升高引起了他的注意。
We listened with attention to what he said.
我们倾听他所说的话。
My grandfather is over eighty and needs a lot of attention.
我的祖父年过八十，需要经常照顾。
The patient needed immediate attention.
这位病人需要立即治疗。
常构成的短语：
pay/give attention to 注意
attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
focus one’s attention on 集中注意力于
devote one’s attention to 专心于
turn one’s attention to 将注意力转向
unit13
§2.1 词句贯通
1.benefit vt.使受益，得益
The rain will benefit the crops.
这场雨对庄稼会有好处的。
The new hospital will benefit the entire community.
这所新医院将使整个社区受益。
He will benefit from the new way of doing business.
他将从这种新的经营方式中获益。
I benefited from my father’s advice.
我从父亲的建议中获益良多。
Benefit n.利益，益处
I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language.
我从学习外语中得到很多益处。
Did you get much benefit from the book?
你从那本书中受益很多吗？
of benefit to…对……有益处
That experience was of great benefit to me.
那次经历对我很有益处。
It proved of great benefit to me.
它确实对我很有益处。
Moderate exercise will be of benefit to you.
适度运动对你有益。
for the benefit of…为了……的利益
She went there for the benefit of her health.
她为了健康而去了那里。
The city library is for the benefit of the public.
市立图书馆是供大众用的。
We did so for the benefit of society.
我们是为了社会而这么做的。
2.disadvantage n.不利，不利条件
His poor eyesight was a disadvantage to him.
视力不佳是他的弱点。
These early sailing ships had certain disadvantages.
这些早期的轮船有一定的缺点。
It is a disadvantage not to be able to drive a car.
不能开车是不利条件。
at a disadvantage处于不利地位
I feel rather at a disadvantage talking to her,because she is so clever.
同她交谈我感到很不利，因为她很聪明。
His inability to speak English put him at a disadvantage at the international conference.
他因为不会说英文，所以在国际会议上处于不利的地位。
to one’s disadvantage对某人不利
Her height will be very much to her disadvantage if she wants to be a dancer.
如果她想当舞蹈演员，那么她的身高对她很不利。
3.entertainment n.娱乐；招待
the entertainment business娱乐业
A cinema is a place of entertainment.
影院是娱乐场所。
The city offers all kinds of entertainment for the young and the old.
这个城市为年轻人和老年人提供各种娱乐活动。
Going to the zoo is exciting entertainment for the whole family.
去动物园是令全家人兴奋的活动。
The hotel is famous for its good entertainment.
这家宾馆因对客人招待周到而闻名。
She was busy preparing for the entertainment of the guests.
她忙着准备接待客人。
4.property n.特性，性质；财产，资产
This plant has the property of healing burns.
这种植物有治疗烫伤的特性。
Soap has the property of removing dirt.
肥皂有去污的特性。
Steal is a metal with the property of great strength.
钢的性质是具有坚韧性。
This is my private property.
这是我的私人财产。
Do you know who he left all his property to?
你知道他把全部财产留给谁了吗？
The police found some stolen property hidden in the thief’s house.
警察在那个窃贼的家里发现了一些偷来的财产。
5.range vi.(在一定范围内)变动，变化；分布；涉及
The prices of the dolls range from $5 to $100.
那些布娃娃的价格从5美元到100美元不等。
The pupils’ages range from seven to fourteen.
这些学生的年龄自7岁到14岁。
The temperature ranges from 15 to 35 degrees.
温度在15度到35度之间变化。
This plant ranges from France to Italy.
这种植物分布于法国至意大利。
The discussion ranged over various problems.
那次讨论曾谈到种种问题。
His studies range over several subjects.
他的研究涉及好几个科目。
n.(变动的)范围
the range of a thermometer温度计的升降幅度
the price range价格的变动幅度
The age range is from six months to twelve years.
年龄范围自6个月到12岁。
6.available adj.可用的，可得到的
We must employ all available means to save the boy.
我们必须使用一切可用的方法来拯救这个孩子。
That book is not available in Hong Kong.
那本书在香港买不到。
Is the library available during summer vacation?
图书馆暑假期间可用吗？
These facilities are available to members only.
这些设施仅供会员使用。
There is only a little money available for the trip.
这次旅行只有少量的钱可供花用。
These products are readily available for consumers.
这些产品消费者可轻易买到。
No suitable job is available.
没有适当的工作。
Are you available this evening?
今晚你有空吗？
She was not available for the interview.
她没空接受采访。
7.relationship n.关系，联系，亲属关系
There is a relationship between the moon and the tides.
月亮和潮汐有关系。
She has a very good relationship with her students.
她与学生的关系很好。
What is your relationship to the manager?
你跟经理是什么关系？
“What’s your relationship to Alice?”“She is my wife.”
“你与爱丽丝是什么关系？”“她是我太太。”
I have established a relationship with the president.
我与总裁建立了良好的关系。
8.float v.(使)漂浮；浮现
Wood floats on water.木头会浮在水上。
The balloon floated on high.
气球在上空漂浮。
Clouds were floating across the blue sky.
云正飘过蓝天。
They floated the logs down the river.
他们让那些木头顺河漂下。
The body was floated to shore by the current.
那具尸体被潮水冲到岸边。
The sight floated before my eyes.
那情景浮现在我眼前。
Strange ideas floated through my mind.
奇怪的念头浮现在我的脑海里。
9.absorb vt.吸收，吸取，理解
This paper absorbs ink well.
这种纸吸墨力很强。
Black cloth absorbs light.
黑色布料吸收光线。
Did you absorb everything the professor said?
教授说的你全部理解了吗？
absorb vt.使全神贯注，使专心(常用于被动语态)
The task absorbed all his energies.
他把全部精力投入在工作上。
be absorbed in…全神贯注于……
He was absorbed in the book.
他全神贯注于书本。
She was absorbed in deep thought.
她陷入深思。
10.bottom n.底面，物体的最低部位
There was some jam left in the bottom of the pot.
罐底还留下一些果酱。
The bottom of the glass is wet.
玻璃杯的杯底是湿的。
The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.
那艘船沉到海底了。
He is always at the bottom of the class.
他在班上总是垫底。
She started at the bottom of the company.
她从该公司的最底层干起。
from the bottom of one’s heart
衷心地，发自内心地
I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart.
我衷心地祝贺你。
§2.2 发散思维
1.massn.质量；团，块；大量
The mass of a piece of lead is not changed by melting it in theory.
理论上，铅被熔化后其质量不变。
Einstein studied the relation of energy and mass.
爱因斯坦研究了能量与质量的关系。
There were great masses of clouds in the sky.
天上有大块大块的云团。
Someone left a mass of rock in the yard.
有人在院子里放了一些岩石。
a mass of…/masses of… 大量的，许多
a mass of letters一堆信件
masses of books成堆的书
masses of money大量的钱
She has a mass of things to do.
她有一大堆的事情要做。
A mass of tourists came into the city.
大量的游客来到这个城市。
I have masses of work to do.
我有大量的工作要做。
the mass of… 大部分，大多数
The mass of modern people are influenced by television.
现代人大多受到电视的影响。
2.sensitiveadj.敏感的，灵敏的，容易生气的
Don’t be so sensitive;I was only joking.
不要那么敏感，我只是开开玩笑。
be sensitive to… 对……敏感
She is very sensitive to the cold.
她对冷非常敏感。
My leg is sensitive to changes in temperature.
我的腿对温度的变化很敏感。
The eye is sensitive to light.
眼睛对光很敏感。
be sensitive to/about… 介意……，在乎……
You should not be so sensitive to criticism.
你不该对别人的评价那么在乎。
She is very sensitive about her appearance.
她对自己的相貌很在乎。
Some students are especially sensitive about making mistakes.
有些学生对出错很是在意。
unit14
§2.1 词句贯通
1.prison n.监狱
The murderer went to prison last week.
那个杀人犯上周进了监狱。
The criminal’s wife went to the prison to visit her husband.
那个犯人的妻子去监狱探望了她的丈夫。
He is in prison now.That’s why we haven’t seen him for months.
他在坐牢，所以我们好几个月没见到他了。
It was reported that four men escaped from prison yesterday.
据报道，昨天四个人越狱逃跑了。
put…into prison把……投进监狱
The police arrested many people and later put them into prison.
警察逮捕了很多人，之后把他们关进了监狱。
He broke the law,and therefore was put into prison.
他违反了法律，所以被关进了监牢。
2.forbid vt.禁止，不让
forbid sb.to do sth.“禁止某人做某事”
I forbid you to stay out after midnight.
我禁止你半夜后仍待在外面。
It was useless to forbid children to play in the park.
禁止孩子在公园里玩是没用的。
“May I use your car?” “No,I forbid you to.”
“我可以用你的车吗？”“不可以，我不让你用。”
forbid sth./doing sth.“禁止（做）某事”，常用于被动语态。
Her father forbade their marriage.
她父亲禁止了他们的婚姻。
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.
这个音乐大厅禁止吸烟。
Walking on this grass is forbidden.
禁止在这块草地上走动。
3.soul n.灵魂；精神；气魄
Do you believe in the immortality of the soul?
你们相信灵魂不灭吗？
We prayed for the souls of the dead.
我们为死者的灵魂祈祷。
She puts her whole soul into her work.
她全心投入她的工作。
He put his heart and soul into the painting.
他全心全意地画那幅画。
keep body and soul together维持生活，糊口
He really doesn’t earn enough to keep body and soul together.
他挣不够足够的钱维持生活。
4.march vi.行进；行军；进展
The troops marched along the street.
军队行进在大街上。
The mayor marched at the head of the parade.
市长走在游行队伍的前头。
She marched upstairs without saying a word.
她一言不发，快步走上楼去。
The soldiers have marched 30 miles today.
那些士兵今天已经行军30英里。
march on前进，行进
I saw a group of soldiers marching on toward that mountain.
我看到一队士兵向那座山里进发了。
n.游行；行进；行军
The students will have a march after the match.
比赛结束后，学生们要举行游行活动。
They reached the camp after three days’ march.
行进了三天后，他们到达了营地。
on the march在行进中，在进行中，在进展中
The soldiers are on the march.
那些士兵在行进中。
Civilization is on the march.
文明在发展中。
5.separation n.分离，隔离
His separation from his family made him very sad.
与家人的离别使他很伤心。
She couldn’t bear the thought of separation from her children.
想到要与孩子分离，她就忍受不了。
They were pleased to meet after such a long separation.
久别重逢令他们很高兴。
We are together again after a separation of three years.
离别三年后，我们又在一起了。
separate vt.分离，隔离
Separate those two boys who are fighting.
把那两个打架的孩子分开。
This river separates England and Scotland.
这条河把英格兰与苏格兰隔开了。
separate…from…将……与……分开
England is separated from France by the English Channel.
英吉利海峡将英国与法国分开了。
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
请把好苹果与坏苹果分开。
separate常用于被动语态，表示“与某人分手、离婚、失散。如：
Were you separated from your wife?
你和你妻子离婚了吗？
They got separated in the crowd.
他们在人群中失散了。
6.vote n.选举，投票，选举权
The captain of the team was elected by the vote of the members.
队长由队员投票选出。
A vote on this matter will be taken at the end of the discussion.
这件事讨论到最后就进行表决。
His motion came to the vote.
他的动议被提交表决。
There are still countries in the world where women do not have the vote.
世界上仍有一些国家的妇女没有选举权。
The law was passed by 205 votes to 112.
这项法律以205票对112票通过。
vote v.选举，投票
In those days women couldn’t vote.
那时候妇女无权投票。
vote on sth.就……投票表决
Now we will vote on this question.
现在我们对这个问题投票表决。
vote for/against…投票赞成/反对……
Most of the Republic Party voted for the measure.
大多数共和党议员对那些措施投了赞成票。
He voted against the plan.
他对该计划投了反对票。
vote to do sth.投票去做……
We voted to accept the proposal.
我们投票决定接受这项提案。
vote that…投票决定……(that从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可省略)
The committee voted that the game should be put off.
委员会投票决定比赛延期。
7.demand vt.要求，请求；查问
I demanded a clear answer.
我要求一个明确的答复。
The captain came down and demanded to know what was going on.
船长下来查问出什么事了。
He demanded to be told everything.
他要求告诉他一切。
demand后可接that从句，从句中用虚拟语气“（should）+动词原形”。
The head teacher demanded that we (should) clean the blackboard before every class.
班主任要求我们每节课前要擦干净黑板。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man.
他们要求给每个成年人选举权。
注：不可说demand sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。
demandvt.需要
This sort of work demands great patience.
这种工作需要很大的耐心。
The work demands your attention without delay!
这项工作要求你立刻关注。
demandn.需要；要求
demand for 对……要求；对……的需要
The workers’demand for higher wages seems reasonable.
工人们要求增加工资似乎是合理的。
Is there much demand/a great demand for teachers in this town?
这个城镇急需教师。
be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
Oil is in great demand these days.
现在对石油的需求很大。
His records are always in demand.
他的唱片总是需求很大。
satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求。
It’s impossible to satisfy everyone’s demands.
满足每个人的需求是不可能的。
8.achieve vt.完成，达到
He achieved his goal.
他达到了他的目标。
She has achieved her ambition to become a writer.
她实现了成为一名作家的抱负。
Success is achieved by hard work.
成功是靠努力获得的。
No one can achieve anything without effort.
没有人能够不努力而有所成就。
I achieved all I hoped to do today.
我已经做完了今天我想做的事。
achievementn.成就，完成，达到，成功
make a scientific achievement取得科学成就
The achievement of success depends on hard work.
成功的获得有赖于努力。
9.arrest vt.逮捕，拘留，扣留
The police arrested the thief last night.
警察昨晚逮捕了那个贼。
He was arrested for robbery.
他因抢劫而被捕。
The policeman arrested the man for carrying a gun.
警察以携带枪支罪逮捕了那个人。
I was arrested that day for speeding.
那天我因开车超速而被扣留。
arrestn.逮捕，拘留，扣留
The arrest of the judge is reported on the front page.
法官被捕的报道刊登在了报纸的头版。
The police made several arrests last week.
上周警察拘捕了几个人。
under arrest被捕，被拘留
You’re under arrest.你被捕了。
I was told that the murderer was under arrest.
有人告诉我，那个杀人犯已经被捕了。
10.sort vt.整理，把……进行分类
While you are sorting your things upstairs,I’ll pack your books.
你整理楼上的东西，我来给你的书打包。
Sort these socks according to their sizes.
请按大小把这些袜子分类。
The boy was sorting the foreign stamps he had collected.
那孩子在整理他收集的外国邮票。
sort out整理好；挑出
She spent a happy afternoon sorting out her coins and cards.
她愉快地过了一个下午，整理她收集的硬币和贺卡。
He sorted out the papers to be thrown away.
他挑出要抛弃的文件。
§2.2 发散思维
1.form vi.形成，构成，出现
A plan began to form in his mind.
一个计划开始在他的脑海里形成。
Steam forms when water boils.
水沸腾时会出现蒸气。
Form vt.养成，培养；组成
Schooling helps to form a child’s character.
学校教育有助于孩子性格的形成。
It’s important to form good habits.
养成良好的习惯很重要。
The Chinese Communist Party was formed in 1921.
中国共产党是1921年成立的。
They formed a class for beginners last year.
去年他们为初学者组织了一个班级。
formn.表格；形式，形状，外形；（健康）状况，精神，心态
Fill in the form,please.请填一下这张表格。
Ice,snow and steam are three forms of water.
冰、雪和水蒸气是水的三种形态。
A dark form could be seen in the distance.
可以看到远处有个黑影。
be in form状况良好；be out of form状态不佳
If she is in form,she can win the match easily.
如果她状态良好的话，能轻松赢得这场比赛。
Smith is out of form and is unlikely to run in the 100-metre race tomorrow.
史密斯身体状况不佳，明天可能不参加100米的比赛。
in the form of以……形式
Cars pollute the air in the form of waste gas.
汽车以废气的形式污染空气。
Their diet contains a lot of fat in the form of butter,cream and chocolate.
他们的饮食含有大量的脂肪，是以黄油、奶油和巧克力的形式摄入的。
2.judge vt.审判，裁决；判断，断定
He will judge the case.
他将审理这个案子。
A blind man can’t judge colours.
盲人不能辨别颜色。
It’s difficult to judge people’s characters.
人的性格很难判断准。
I can’t judge whether you’re right or wrong.
我不能断定你是对还是错。
judge sb./sth.(to be)…认为某人（某事）……
I judged her to be about thirty years old.
我认为她大约三十岁。
We judged the distance to be about four miles.
我们认为这个距离大约是4英里。
judge…by/from…根据……判断
You can’t judge a book by its cover.
你不能根据封面来判断一本书。
You shouldn’t judge a person by what he wears.
你不能以穿着来判断一个人。
Don’t judge a person from his appearance.
不要以貌取人。
judging by/from…“依……来判断”，通常作独立状语。
Judging from what you said,he must be an expert.
以你说的来看，他定是一位专家。
Judging by his look,he doesn’t think much of our local wine.
从他的表情来看，他并不看好我们当地的酒。
unit15
§2.1词句贯通
1.every now and then/again不时地
Write me a post card every now and then.
请不时地给我写张明信片。
Every now and then a plane would take off.
不时会有一架飞机起飞。
He only comes to London every now and then.
他只是偶尔来趟伦敦。
Every now and again she wiped her eyes with a handkerchief.
她不时地用手帕擦一擦眼睛。
2.downtown adv.往城里，往市中心
Let’s go downtown this afternoon.
咱们今天下午去闹市区吧。
I went downtown to do some shopping today.
今天我到商业区购物去了。
They moved downtown last year.
他们搬到城里去了。
He lives downtown.他住在市区。
downtown adj.商业区的，闹市区的
He was born in downtown Tianjin.
他生在天津闹市区。
I work in a downtown office.
我在市区的一家公司上班。
The downtown traffic is very bad.
闹市区的交通很差。
3.surrounding n.（常用复数）环境，周围的事物
I’d like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.
我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。
The hotel stands in picturesque surroundings.
宾馆四周的环境优美如画。
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
the surrounding country近郊
the surrounding scenery四周的风景
surround v.包围；围绕
be surrounded with/by…被……环绕着
A crowd surrounded him.一群人围着他。
The school was surrounded by/with a fence.
学校四周围着篱笆。
Mystery surrounds the actress’s death.
女演员之死笼罩着神秘的气氛。
4.feast n.(感官、精神等的)享受；盛宴
The flower exhibition was a feast for the eyes.
看花展是件赏心悦目的事。
The classical music is really a feast for the ears.
这首古典乐曲令人大饱耳福。
a wedding feast喜宴
give/make/hold a feast举行宴会，设宴
There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
天下没有不散的筵席。
The Queen invited them to a feast.
女王邀请他们参加庆宴。
The King made a great feast to his ministers.
国王大宴群臣。
5.dip n.(在江、河、湖、海中)洗澡，游泳
take a dip in the lake在湖里游泳
I will have a dip in the sea.
我要洗个海水浴。
dip v.浸泡，沾水
He dipped the pen into ink.
他把笔浸到墨水里。
The little girl dipped a piece of bread into her soup.
小女孩把一块面包泡到汤里。
dip into把手伸入；浏览，稍加研究
He dipped into his pocket to get his key out.
他把手伸进口袋掏钥匙。
I haven’t read that book carefully.I’ve only dipped into it.
我没有认真读过那本书，只是随便翻阅过。
I have been dipping into ancient history.
我一直在研究古代史。
6.shore n.滨，岸
They kept walking along the shore.
他们一直沿着岸边走。
There was an old house on the shore.
岸上有栋老房子。
They found a ship about 2 miles off the shore.
他们发现在离海岸2英里处有一艘轮船。
off shore在离岸的海里，在离海岸不远处
The boat is two miles off shore.
那艘船在离海岸两英里的海里。
on shore在岸上，在陆上
In the storm,many seamen wished they were on shore.
有暴风雨时，很多水手都希望在岸上。
They went on shore the moment the ship reached the harbor.
轮船一到港口，他们就上了岸。
7.budget n.预算(常与介词for连用)
a family budget家庭预算
the government budget for the coming year
下年度的政府预算
an advertising budget of $8000
八千美元的广告预算
introduce/open the budget提出预算方案
She made a monthly budget for her family.
她为家庭做了每个月的预算。
budget v.编制预算
He budgeted for buying a house.
他为买房子编制预算。
He saves a lot of money by careful budgeting.
他通过精打细算节省了大笔钱。
8.rate 价格；费用；速度；效率
The room rates at the hotel range from $10 to $35 per day.
那家宾馆的房间价格从10美元到35美元不等。
What’s the letter postage rate to foreign countries?
往国外寄信的费用是多少？
The train was going at a rapid rate.
那辆火车高速行驶。
They are walking at the rate of 4 kilometres an hour.
他们以每小时4公里的速度行进。
She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
她的阅读速度是每分钟100词。
The birth rate is under control in this country.
这个国家的出生率已得到控制。
The divorce rate is very high in the United States.
美国的离婚率很高。
at any rate无论如何，不管怎样；至少
At any rate I will come.无论如何我都会来。
She didn’t work very hard,but at any rate,she passed the test.
她不很用功，但至少她通过了考试。
at this/that rate如果是这样的话，如果这样继续下去的话
At this rate we won’t be able to buy a house.
照这情形来看，我们可能买不起房子。
9.sight n.情景，景象[C]；目光，视力，视野[U]
The sunset is a beautiful sight.
落日是很美的景象。
What a sad sight!多么悲惨的景象啊!
She has good/poor sight.她视力好(差)。
Keep out of my sight.不要让我看到你。
I watched him until he disappeared from sight in the distance.
我望着他直到他消失在远方。
a/the sight of看到，见到
The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.
人群等着看王后从这里经过。
The sight of a snake frightened her.
看到蛇把她吓坏了。
10.accommodation n.住处，膳宿(通常用复数形式)；方便，便利(不可数)
Please phone the hotel for accommodations.
请打电话给旅馆订房间。
This hotel has accommodations for 2 000 guests.
这家旅馆有容纳2000名客人的设备。
Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?
我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗？
It would be an accommodation to me if you could come.
你若能来，对我而言真是好极了。
§2.2发散思维
1.disappointed adj.失望的，感到失望的
They were disappointed about/with/at/in the results.
他们对结果感到失望。
She was disappointed at not being invited to the wedding.
她由于未获邀请参加婚礼而感到失望。
She was disappointed of her purpose.
她因没有达到目的而感到失望。
I was disappointed that she was not able to come.
她不能来，令我很是失望。
disappointing adj.令人失望的；扫兴的
What disappointing news it is!
多么令人失望的消息!
It was disappointing not to be able to see her.
不能见到她真令人失望。
disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧
The result disappointed me.
结果使我失望。
Her lack of success disappointed Mary.
她未能成功使玛丽很失望。
disappoint vt.使(计划、希望等)落空，受挫，辜负
The accident disappointed our plans.
这次意外事件使我们的计划落空。
disappoint a person’s expectation辜负某人的期望
2.guarantee vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；确保
guarantee sth.保证……
They guarantee this clock for a year.
他们对这个钟表保修一年。
I guarantee the success of the show.
我保证这场表演会成功。
guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保证某人……
Buying a train ticket doesn’t guarantee you a seat.
买到火车票并不保证你有座位。
They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
他们保证长期雇用他们的工人。
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
I guarantee to pay off his debt.
我保证付清他的债务。
I guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我保证明天来这里。
guarantee sth.(to be)…保证……是……
The art dealer guaranteed the picture (to be) genuine.
那个工艺品商保证这幅画是真品。
guarantee that…保证……
I guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.
我保证你会对结果感到满意。
Who can guarantee that he will keep his word?
谁能担保他说话算数？