Unit 3
相关语法:
1、祈使句
2、现在进行时态及用法
3、情态动词can 的用法及相关句型
Unit 3 语言项目
[相关语法]
一、 祈使句:
定义:表示命令与请求的句子
分类:
1、Don’ t + 动词原形→ Don’ t talk. 不许讲话。
2、No +名词→ No photos. 不许拍照。
3、No + 动ing→ No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
4、动词直接开头 Look at the sign. 看标志牌。
二、现在进行时态及用法
1、现在分词的变化规律
(1)直接在行为动词之后加-ing 。如: eat- eating , study – studying , work – working, play – playing 等。
(2)以不发音的e结尾的,去e后加- ing 。 如: write – writing, close – closing, come- coming, make – making 等。若结尾的e 发音,就不能去掉。如:see - seeing等。
(3)以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾,且该音节为重读闭音节时,要双写词尾字母,然后加- ing 。如: get – getting, sit – sitting, run – running, put – putting, swim –swimming, begin – beginning等。若结尾是元音字母加辅音字母组合,就直接加 –ing 。如:drawing, playing等。
2、现在进行时的句式变化
肯定句式:主语+be (am , is , are )+ 现在分词+其它。
否定句式:主语+ be(am, is , are )+ not +现在分词 + 其它。
一般疑问句:Be (Am , Is , Are )+主语+现在分词+其它?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be (am, is , are )+ 主语 + 现在分词+其它?
3、在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:They are playing basketball . 现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen 开头的句子,提示我们动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:Listen ! She is singing a song.听,她正在唱歌。Look ! They are drawing 看!他们在画画。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week , these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:These days we are making plane model. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
三、can的用法
(1)情态动词can用来表示“请求”或“允许”。如:Can I borrow your bike? 我能借你的自行车吗?用作一般的请求时,其肯定回答可以是Of course you can , 也可不用情态动词,如:Yes, please./Of course . /Certainly./sure. 其否定回答可以是 No, you can’t也可以是I’ m afraid not .如:-Can I use your pen? 我可以用一下你的钢笔吗?-Yes you can. / Yes , please.可以。/可以,请用吧。(-No, you can’t . / I’m afraid not. 不行。/恐怕不行。)
(2)情态动词 can 可用来表示“可能性”。如:It can be dangerous. 这可能有危险。
(3)I can paint 我会画画。
can是情态动词,意为“能,会”。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即主语可以是任意人称。情态动词不能独立作谓语,常与动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。如:He can come. 他能来。(肯定句)I can’ t see the words on the blackboard. 我看不见黑板上的单词。(否定句)-- Can he write ? 他会写字吗?(一般疑问句)-- Yes , he can 是的,他会。-- No ,he can’t .不,他不会。
关于交通方式的说法:
How do you go to the park? 你怎么去公园?
I go to the park by bus . 我乘公共汽车去公园。
I go to the park by car. 我坐汽车去公园。
用“by +交通工具名词”表示交通方式。此时交通工具的名词只能用单数,不能用复数,也不能被冠词或物主代词等修饰。如:by bike 骑自行车,by bus 乘公共汽车,by underground乘地铁,by car 乘汽车,by train 乘火车,by ship乘船,by plane乘飞机等。
Kally walks to school. 凯丽走着去学校。
此句的同义句是:Kally goes to school on foot.
walk to 意为“走着去……”。
表示“步行去某地”,可用下列两种句式:
(1)go to + 某地+ on foot 。如:She goes to work on foot. 她步行去上班。
(2)walk to +某地。如:He walks to school every day .= He goes to school on foot every day. 他每天步行去上学。
注意:
①walk不可与on foot连用。如上述例句不可说成:He walks to school on foot every day.
②walk to 后接地点副词here, there , home 时,介词to要省去。如:I usually walk home.我通常步行回家。
语言目标:
Don ’t ride your bicycles here .不许在这儿骑自行车。
No bicycles .禁止骑自行车。
No ball games after 5 p.m. 五点以后禁止玩球。
Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
Yes ,I can.是的,我会。
No , I can’t .不,我不会。
What can you do? 你会做什么?
I can play football .我会踢足球。
I can’t ride a horse. 我不会骑马。
What ’s the boy doing? 这个男孩在做什么?
He is singing . 他在唱歌。
You can’t play ball games in the classroom.你不可以在教室里玩球。
【模拟试题】(答题时间:40分钟)
一、字母组词
1. All the students must _______(e r a d ) the passages three times.
2. The cook is ______(o o k c i n g ).
3. Do you like ______(i w n r g t i )?
4. It takes me 2 days to _____(d a w r ) the picture.
5. Can you _____ (i d v e ) ? No, I can’t.
6. It’s dangerous to play on the ______(o r d a ).
7. There are many books in our school _____(i b a l r y r ).
8. Look! It is ______(a i r i n g n).
9. You must look left and right before you_____(r o c s s ) the road.
10. Where’s the _______(o i t l t e )? It’s over there .
二、选择并抄写单词
1. Can we _____(look , watch ) television?
2. You _____ (can , can’t ) make a noise in the library.
3. There ______(is , isn’t ) any tea in the bag.
4. ______ (Look , See )! They are coming.
5. There’s the ______(red , green)light ,you can cross the road now.
6. __________(How , What) do you come to school ?
7. I go to the park _______ (by , on ) car.
8. Kally _______ (walk ,walks ) to the shop .
9. How long does it _______(take , cost ) from here to the library?
10. Shall we travel by ________ (taxi , foot ) ?
三、单项填空
1. Look ! They _____ in the library .
A. are read B. read C. can read D. are reading
2. ---You can’t play games in the office . ---___________.
A. I’m sorry B. Yes C. N o ,I can D. Thank you
3. You can’t _______ in the classroom.
A. write B. read C. play football D. study
4. There _____ a book and two pencils on my desk.
A. is B. are C. be D. isn’t
5. --- Can I play in the street ?
--- ________ . It ’ s dangerous.
A. Yes , you can B. No , you can’t
C. Yes , please D. No, thanks
6. I go to the library _______.
A. on feet B. by foot C. on foot D. on a foot
7. -- _________ do you come here ?
-- On a school bus .
A. Where B. Why C. What D. How
8. I go to school by bus , Peter ______ by taxi .
A. go B. is going C. goes D. to go
9. Does Kitty go to Beijing________?
A. by a car B. on car C. by cars D. by car
10. I fly to Shanghai means_______.
A. I walk to Shanghai B. I go to Shanghai by car
C. I go to Shanghai by air D. I go to Shanghai on air
四、同义句转换
1. You can’t smoke in the hall . ________ smoke in the hall .
2. Why not ride a bicycle ? ______ _______ _________ ride a bicycle?
3. It’s five thirty now. It’s _____ ______ five now .
4. Do you have any apples? _____you _____any apples?
【试题答案】
一、1. read 2. cooking 3. writing 4. draw 5. dive 6. road
7. library 8. raining 9. cross 10. toilet
二、1. watch 2. can’t 3. isn’t 4. Look 5. green 6. How
7. by 8. walks 9. take 10. taxi
三、1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C
7. D 8. C 9. D 10. C
四、1. Don’t 2. Why don’t you
3. half past 4. Have got