Module2 Unit1 Visiting relatives
语法
1. 现在完在时
（1）现在完成时的意义：表示过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响或结果常用的时间状语有：already, yet, ever, never, just等。
如：I have already cleaned the blackboard.我已经擦完黑板了。
（2）构成形式：
助动词：have/has+动词的过去分词
a. 肯定式：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其它。
如：He has finished his homework.他做完作业了。
b. 否定式：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其它。
如：Mum hasn’t cooked supper yet.妈妈还没做晚饭呢。
c. 疑问式：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其它？
如：Have you ever been to Shandong?你去过山东吗？
（3）动词的过去分词的构成：
动词的过去分词的变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则：
a. 一般情况，直接在动词词尾加-ed。如：played, worked 等；
b. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d。如：lived, liked等；
c. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i ,再加-ed。如：studied, worried等；
d. 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接在词尾加-ed。如：stayed, played等；
e. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopped, dropped等。
语言目标：
I’ve had a letter from my brother.我收到我哥哥的来信了。
I’ve never seen my cousins in Beijing.我从未见过北京的堂兄妹。
We would like to travel to Beijing. 我们想去北京旅行。
That’s too expensive/slow.太贵/慢。
We’ll stay until the end of August.我们将呆到八月末。
We’re going to take you to all the interesting places in Beijing.我们将带你们去（参观）北京所有的名胜。
It’s in the center of Beijing.它在北京中部。
How long will they stay in Garden City?他们将在花园城市呆多长时间？
重难点解析
1. Look, Kitty. I’ve had a letter from my brother, Weiming.凯蒂，看。我收到我哥哥伟明的来信了。
have a letter from sb.意为“收到某人的来信”，与receive a letter from sb./get a letter from sb./hear from sb.同义。如：I’ve just heard from my father.我刚收到我爸爸的来信。
2. He has invited us to stay with his family in August.他邀请我们八月份和他的家人呆在一起。
invite sb. to sp .意为“邀请某人去某地”。如：Kate invited me to her party yesterday.凯特邀请我参加她的晚会。
Invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。如：She invited us to have dinner with her.她邀请我们同她一道就餐。
3. There he is with your Aunt Betty,and your cousins,Simon and Lucy.这就是他和你的贝蒂婶婶，你的堂兄妹，西蒙和露西。
为了强调，有时将there提至句首，句子使用倒装语序，如果句中主语是名词，则句子全部倒装，其结构为：状语+谓语动词+主语。如：Here is the book .书在这儿。Out rushed the students.学生们冲了出去。
4. They are the same age as you and Ben, twelve and fourteen.他们跟你和本同岁，十二，十四岁。the same as 意为“与…相同/一样”。如：My pen is the same as yours.我的钢笔和你的（钢笔）一样。He is the same height as his father.他和他爸爸的身高相同。
5. I don’t know yet. 我还不知道呢。
yet意为“尚；还；仍然”。用于疑问句和否定句中，通常位于句末。如：I haven’t received a letter from him yet.我至今尚未收到他的信。
--Are you ready?你准备好了吗？
--No,not yet.我还没准备好呢。
6. Can I help you?我能帮你吗？
这是服务人员或营业员接待客人或顾客的礼貌用语。我们还可以说：What can I do for you?他们在不同的场合有不同的意义。如：你要买什么？
7. We’d like to travel to Beijing.我们想去北京旅行。
此句中的’d是would的缩写。would like +to do sth.,意为“想要做某事”或“愿意做某事”，其中would为情态动词，like为实义动词，后面必须接to 的不定式。如：I would like to drink a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。He’d like to play football with us.他想和我们一起踢足球。
8. We want to leave on the eleventh of August.我们想于八月十一日离开。
on 用于日期、星期前；in用于年、月前。如：We often go to the park on Sundays.我们星期天经常去公园。He was born in 1987.他出生于1987年。
9. How long does the train take to travel from Garden City to Beijing?从花园市到北京坐火车需要多长时间？
how long意为“多久；多长时间”。是用来提问时间长短和距离长短的特殊疑问句，句中的动词应为延续性动词。如：How long have you lived in Shenyang?你在沈阳住多久了？How long is the river?这条河有多长？
10. Let’s look at this train brochure.让我看看列车表。
let sb. do sth .意为“让某人做某事吧”。如：Let him go home .让他回家吧。Let me help you.让我帮你吧。
注：let’s构成的祈使句，在变成反意疑问句时，其附加部分应为shall we?如：Let’s go to the park, shall we?我们去公园，好吗？
11. It’s a bit slow ,but it’s cheap.是有点慢，但是便宜。
a bit作程度副词，表示“稍微、一点儿”的意思，修饰动词、形容词、比较级等。如：Will you please turn down the radio a bit?(修饰动词)请你把收音机关小一点好吗？ She’s a bit afraid of the teacher.(修饰形容词)她有点怕老师。Her mother feels a bit better today.(修饰比较级)她母亲今天感觉好一些。
12. It takes about 2.5 hours.需要两个半小时。
take意为“花费”，通常构成句式：
It take sb.some time to do sth.某事花费某人多长时间
此句中省略了to travel from Garden City to Beijing如：It takes me an hour to do my homework every day ,我每天用一个小时做作业。
13. How much does it cost?得花多少钱？
其同义句为：How much is it ?或What’s the price of it ?
辨析：cost与take
cost意为“价值为，需花费”，其过去式及过去分词都是cost,句中的物或事作主语。如：These chairs cost $20 each. 这些椅子每把价钱为20美元。It costs too much.这东西价钱太贵。The dictionary cost him $15 。他花15美元买了这本字典。
It takes Jim half an hour to watch TV every day .吉母每天花半小时看电视。
14. We’ll stay until the end of August.我们将呆到八月末。
until意为“直到……时（为止）”。如：Wait until the rain stops.(此句中until是连词)等到雨停了再说吧。Wait until tomorrow.(此句中until是介词)等到明天。
not…until 意为“直到……才”。如：I didn’t go to bed until my father came back last night.昨夜里直到我爸爸回来我才睡觉。
15. Why don’t we travel by train?我们为什么不坐火车旅行呢？
此句还可能说：Why not travel by train?
Why don’t you/we do…?或Why not do…?用于提出建议和劝告。如：Why not tell the truth?为什么不说真话？
16. The plane is much faster.飞机快多了。
much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示“…得多” 如：She is much more beautiful than
her sister. 她比她妹妹漂亮多了。
17. Thank you for inviting us to visit you.感谢你们邀请我们拜访你们。
thank sb./thanks for sth.或thank sb./thanks for doing sth.意为“为…而感谢”如：Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学英语。
其回答是：Not at all./That’s OK./That’s all right./You are welcome./It’s nothing./It’s a pleasure.不用谢。
18. We are all very excited about our trip.我们对于我们的旅行都感到很兴奋。
（1）be excited about意为“对…感到兴奋”。如：
The children are all excited about the coming Children’s Day. 孩子们对即将到来的儿童节感到很兴奋。
（2）辨析：excited与exciting
Excite 是动词，意为“（使）兴奋；激发；唤起”，其形容词为excited和exciting。但excited表示“兴奋的”，指人、物对……感到兴奋；而exciting表示“令人兴奋的；使人激动的”，指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、激动。试比较：
Are you excited about going to Beijing? 你要去北京了，感到兴奋吗？
He told us an exciting story yesterday. 他昨天给我们讲了一个使人激动的故事。
It’s nothing to get excited about.这没什么可值得激动的。
I’ve got an exciting piece of work.我得到一份令人兴奋的工作。
19. A huge square holds 1 million people 一个能容纳一百万人的大广场。
辨析：huge, big与large
huge意为“极大的；巨大的”，指体积大。常用于具体的事物、空间、距离、程度、容量、声音等方面。如：Canada is a huge country.加拿大是个幅员辽阔的国家。
big意为“大的”，常用于具体事物、体积、面积、范围、程度、强度等方面。如：This pair of shoes is too big for me .这双鞋我穿太大了。
large意为“大的”，指大小、程度、容量。如：A large family needs a large house.大家庭需要大房子。
20. 辨析：trip,journey 与travel
（1）trip n 旅行，旅游，指短距离的旅行。如：He makes a trip to the dentist once a year.他一年去看一次牙医。
（2）journey n. 旅行，旅程，指长途旅行。如：It’s a long journey to go there.去那儿是个长途旅行。
（3）travel n . 旅行，泛指旅行的过程，尤指长途海外旅行。如：I like air travel.我喜欢坐飞机旅行。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一、字母组词
1. There are many_______(c.e.a.n.i.n.t)buildings in Beijing.
2. Shenyang is in ________(o.t.n.r.h.)of China.
3. Have you taken photos at Tiananmen_________(q.s.u.r.a.e)
4. How much does it_______(s.o.c.t)?
5. Thank you for_______(v.i.t.i.n.i n.g)us to visit you.
6. We’ve made a ________(t.a.m.e.t.i.b.l.e)for your visit.
7. We can’t go by air .It will be more________(s.i.p.e.n.e.x.v.e)
8. Have a good _______(n.j.o.e.r.u.y).
9. We ate all very excited about our ________(r.t.i.p)
10. My uncle bought some_______(r.s.t.p.e.e.n.s)from America.
二、选择并抄写单词
1. I would like______(to stay ,staying) with you
2. They are all ______(excited, exciting ) about the trip.
3. How _______(much, many)does it cost?
4. Why don’t you ________(travel , to travel )by air?
5. How______(far, long )does it take to travel from Shenyang to Shanghai?
6. The plane is _______(much, more)expensive.
7. Have you_______(write, written)to your uncle yet?
8. We’re going to visit some________(interesting, interest)places.
9. I’ve never________(saw ,seen)it before.
10. It _______(takes, spends) me 3 hours to do this work.
三、组词成句
1. stay we’ll the until of end August
_______________________________________
2. to like we’d to Beijing travel
____________________________________
3. be more cheaper it and interesting will
___________________________________________
4. enjoyed really we holiday our
___________________________________________
5. going visit are where we to
______________________________________
四、补全对话
A：Mum ,are we going to ___1____Beijing?
B：Yes ,we’ll go ___2__ 11 August.
A：__3_ __4___ will we stay?
B：We’ll stay ____5___the end __6___August
A：__7____ weeks . How __8___!
Why don’t we travel __9____ train?
B：The train is too slow.
The plane is much___10____.
【试题答案】
一、1. ancient 2. north 3. square 4. cost 5. inviting 6. timetable
7. expensive 8. journey 9. trip 10. presents
二、1. to stay 2. excited 3. much 4. travel 5. long 6. more
7. written 8. interesting 9. seen 10. takes
三、1. We’ll stay until the end of August.
2. We’d like to travel to Beijing.
3. It will be cheaper and more interesting.
4. We really enjoyed our holiday.
5. Where are we going to visit?
四、1. visit 2. on 3. How 4. long 5. until 6. of
7. Two 8. exciting 9. by 10. faster