Unit 11 Scientific achievement
学习目标导航
XUE XI MU BIAO DAO HANG 学习提示
话
题 1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2.Write a persuasion essay. 1.重点掌握与中心话题“科学成就”有关的语言知识和技能。
2.学会写说明文。
功
能 1.If I got the money, I would…
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…
I hope that…; My plan is to…
2.I’ d like to…
I’ m thinking of… 练习表示intentions（意图）和wishes（愿望）的常用句型，熟练掌握其用法。
词
汇 likely, overseas, grasp, master, arrange, rely, failure, achieve, announce, locate 1.掌握本单元单词的常见用法，注意其构成。
2.重点掌握并能熟练运用所列词组的用法。
set foot, rely on, put forward, come to life
语
法 Word Formation (abbreviation) ：
ad (advertisement) 广告
CSA (Chinese Space Agency) 中国航天局
IT (information technology) 信息技术
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 北大西洋公约组织 1.了解英语中最常用的派生法、复合法和转换法三种构词方法。
2.重点掌握下列四种缩略构词法：截断词，首字母连写词，首字母拼音词和拼缀词。
单元要点
Word
study
1.engineering 2.solar 3.significant 4.mankind 5.constitution 6.zone 7.private 8.grasp 9.master 10.perfect 11.arrange 12.rely 13.failure 14.locate 15.valley 16.brand 17.luggage 18.achieve 19.organ 20.boom 21.breakthrough 22.agency 23.announce 24.evolution 25.supercomputer 26.likely 1.工程；工程学 2.太阳的；日光的 3.意义重大的 4.人类 5.宪法 6.区域；地带 7.私人的；非公开的 8.抓住；理解 9.硕士；主人 10.完美的；理想的 11.安排；整理；布置 12.依靠；指望 13.失败；失败的人 14.把……设置在；使……坐落于；指出……的位置 15.山谷 16.商标；牌子 17.行李 18.大道；实现；完成19.器官；机关；风琴 20.繁荣期；迅速发展期 21.重大突破 22.代理（机构） 23.宣布；宣告 24.发展；展开 25.超级计算机 26.可能的；预期的
Useful expressions 1.genetic engineering 2.the theory of gravity 3.nuclear science 4.solar energy 5.great scientific achievements 6.have something in common 7.the first person to travel in time 8.a cure for AIDS 9.a manned space ship 10.start a company 11.spend time doing sth. 12.in store 13.it is likely that 14.more than 15.set up 16.in the late 1990s 17.the Chinese Academy of sciences 18.within the next ten years 19.a growing number of
1.基因工程 2.万有引力理论 3.核科学 4.太阳能 5.伟大的科学成就6.有共同之处 7.时间旅行第一人 8.艾滋病治疗方法 9.载人飞船 10.开办一家公司 11.花时间做某事12.存储 13.很有可能…… 14.不仅仅，多于 15.建立 16.在20世纪90年代末 17.中科院 18.在接下来的十年里 19.不停增加数量的
Useful expressions 20.make it possible for sb.to do sth.21.follow one’s dreams 22.top scientists 23.master’s degree 24.a dream come true 25.set foot in… 26.run a small company 27.have a positive effect on… 28.rely on 29.build the future 30.deal with 31.learn from… 32.be excited about… 33.be located in… 34.contribute to… 35.in the near future 36.be filled with 37.enjoy a boom 38.put forward a plan 39.make many breakthroughs 40.sth.be used to do 41.manned space flight 42.allow sb.to do sth.43.human genetic project 44.for the first time ever 45.the deadly disease 20.使某人做某事成为可能 寻某人的梦想 22.顶级科学家 21.追23.硕士学位 24.一个梦想实现 25.涉足于…… 26.开办一家小公司 27.对于……有积极影响 28.依靠于 29.创造未来 30.处理 31.向……学习 32.对于……很兴奋 33.位于…… 34.作贡献于…… 35.在不久的将来 36.充满 37.经历迅速发展期 38.提出一个计划 39.取得许多突破 40.某物被用来做41.载人太空飞行 42.允许某人做某事 43.人类基因组计划 44.第一次 45.致命的疾病
Sentence
patterns &
Communicative
English 1.If I got the money,I would …
2.My plan is to …
3.I hope that …
4.I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to …
5.I’d like to …
6.I’m thinking of …
Grammar Word-formation:
1.prefix and suffix
2.compounds 构词法:
1.前缀，后缀
2.合成词
Topics &Writing 1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2.Practise expressing intensions and wishes.
3.Learn about Word-formation.
4.Write a persuasion essay.
Language points.
1．constitution
1) 宪法the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution
2) 体格，体质He has a weak constitution
3) 构造，构成the constitution of starch (淀粉的构成)
2．achievement (U)取得，完成（C）成就，成绩（V）achieve
development government movement equipment
vt 完成 达到（目的），得到
1） By hard working we can achieve anything.
2） We have achieved success in developing the product.
3．Mankind 人类 manmade (adj) Manly 有男子气概的；刚强的
4．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
5．Likely 1) be likely to do sth 很可能（发生某种情况）Our team is likely to win the game.
2) it is likely that + 从句
It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.
辨析：likely, possible与probable
Likely 常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”
Possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。
Probable 语气比possible 强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概，很可能的意思”
Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible与probable之后通常不跟不定式；
Likely 的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。
6．set up
1) 建立，成立 Set up home
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
2) 树立起来Let’s set up the tent first.
3) 使（自己或他人）从事某职业（as）
He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他开始经营书籍。
set about doing sth 着手做 set out to do sth Set an example
set fire to 点火；放火Set off 出发，动身Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；访问
set foot in/on sth.: enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g. Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公开的
Private property Private school
a private door 便门in private 在私下，秘密地in public 公开地
8．grasp vt
1) 抓住 grasp sb by the arm
2) (= understand ) 掌握， 领会
Grasp sb’s meaning
3) n (常用单数) 紧握；把握；理解；理解力
Beyond sb’s grasp 力量达不到 Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要，全数失掉。 Within sb’s grasp 力量达得到
9．Master n 硕士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大师
Mistress n 女主人 Masterless adj 无主的
Mastermind n 非常聪明的人 Masterkey n 万能钥匙
Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作 The master of the house 家长
Master and man雇主与雇工 A master in literature 文学大师
Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士 Master of Science (MS) 理学硕士
Bachelor 学士 doctor 博士
vt 掌握；精通；控制；统治
Master a foreign language
Man can master nature.
10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；绝对的；完全的；（动词的）完成的
His reading is perfect.
He is a perfect stranger to us.
The perfect tense
vt 使完美
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Be perfect in English 精通英语
11．arrange
vt 安排，筹划；整理，布置
1） We have arranged a party.
2） He arranged the books on the shelf.
n arrangement
(C pl) 安排；准备工作 （U，C）整理；排列；布置
12. have an effect on 对……产生影响
Take effect 开始生效；开始实行
In effect = in fact 实际上
13. rely on / upon : depend on…依赖，依靠；信赖，信任
We should rely on our own efforts. 我们应该自力更生。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。
14．make it clear （that）…表明，讲清楚
e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
15．Failure (v fail) 失败(U)，失败的人或事（C）
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.他不是一个成功的艺术家，但是个成功的美术老师。
16．come to life: back to normal state, esp. of mind苏醒过来，恢复生气，活跃起来
After three hours’ saving, the injured man came to life.
When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.
17. mark
n 痕迹；符号；商标；分数；特征
an ink mark a question mark full marks make a mark 作标记
vt 做标记；留痕迹于；表明；批分数，评成绩
a dirt road marked with footprints 留有脚印的泥路
be marked with 标着……；(人、动物等身上)具有
Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。
mark examination papers.
18. outstanding
1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）一名杰出的学生 an outstanding student
2) 未完结的；未清的；未付的
Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款
19．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突围；突破性的发现，成就
A military breakthrough 军事突破A scientific breakthrough 科学成就
20．enable
en-使+able能……的
enrich enlarge
strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加强，增强 vi 变强
they strengthened the city wall..
the wind strengthened.
deep--deepen
Sharp-sharpen
Wide--widen
21. organ n 器官；风琴；机构，机关
The eyes are the organ of sight.
state organs
a government organ
adj organic 有机物的；有机体的
n organism (C)生物，有机体，有机组织
vt organize 组织
N organization 团体，机构，组织
22. put forward 提出（建议、意见）；推荐，提名
He put forward a better plan.
We put her forward as chairman of the committee.
23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄准；目的在于；企图
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.
知识点讲解
1． You and your team are working on a cure for Aids. 你和你的队员正在从事艾滋病的治疗工作。
（1）work on “从事于（某项工作）”；“设法说服” eg:
They worked on the old car late into the night. 他们修这辆旧汽车一直修到深夜。
What are you doing? We are working on some wood-cuts. 你们在干什么呀？我们正在创作一些木刻。
Can you work on him to change his mind?你能说服他改变主意吗？
（2）work at “学习，研究，致力于……” eg:
They have worked at this subject for many years. 他们研究这门科学好多年了。
（3）work out 做出；算出；设计出 eg:
This problem will not work out. 这道题算不出来。
They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.
他们已经设计出一种向火星发射宇宙飞船的方法。
2．extremely adv. to a very high degree 极端地；极度地 eg:
It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 这是一项极度困难和危险的工作。
extreme adj. reaching the highest degree 极度的 eg:
extreme patience/kindness 极度的耐心/仁慈 in extreme pain 在极度痛苦中
3． cure (1)n. ①[C] curing or being cured 治疗；治愈。 eg:
His cure took six months. 他的病花了六个月治疗。
②[C]substance or treatment which cures 治疗的药物；治疗法 eg:
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今对癌症有治疗方法吗？
（2）vt. & vi. bring sb. back to health; get rid of one’s illness/habits eg:
This medicine will cure your headache. 这药可以治好你的头痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息几天你就痊愈了。
③（词组） cure sb. of one’s illness or bad habits 治愈疾病，改掉坏习惯 eg:
Moving to the country cured her of asthma. 搬到乡下她的哮喘病就好了。
He was cured of his habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸烟的坏习惯。
4． You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在从事向火星发射载人宇宙飞船的工作。
（1）manned adj. (of machines esp. in space) having men on board （飞船等）载人的 eg:
the development of manned from unmanned space craft从无人向载人飞船的发展
（2）man-made adj. produced by the work of men; not found in nature 人造的 eg:
The lake is a man-made one. 这是个人工湖。
We have sent up many man-made satellites. 我们发射了多少颗人造卫星。
生词和词组
1．likely adj. (1) that is expected 很可能发生的；有希望的 eg:
Is he likely to win? 他有可能获胜吗？
The most likely result is a draw. 最可能的结果是不分胜负。
(2)that seems reasonable, suitable or right for a purpose 似乎合理的 eg:
That’s a likely excuse. 那似乎是个合理的借口。
(3)be likely to do… 很可能会……
It’s likely that… 可能会（有，发生）…… eg:
He is not likely to succeed. 他大概不会成功。
It is likely that he will be late. =He is likely to be late. 他可能会迟到。
2． grasp vt. , vi. & n.
(1)v. ①seize firmly with hand(s) or arm(s) 抓住；抱住；紧握 eg:
The boy grasped his mother’s hand firmly. 那个小男孩紧握住妈妈的手。
He grasped the rope and pulled it. 他抓紧绳子用力拉。
②understand with the mind 领悟；理解 eg:
I couldn’t grasp the teacher’s meaning. 我没领悟老师的意思。
(2)n. firm hold or grip; power of grasping 紧握；抓紧；领悟力 eg:
He doesn’t have a thorough grasp of the problem. 他没有彻底理解这个问题。
(3)短语：beyond/within a person’s grasp 为某人所不能/能抓到的；为某人所不能/能理解的。
3． master vt. , vi & n.
(1) vt. ①become the master of; overcome 成为……的主人；征服；控制
eg: master one’s temper/feelings 控制脾气/感情
It’s difficult to master nature. 征服大自然是困难的。
②gain as a skill 精通；熟练 eg:
master English 精通英语 master foreign affairs 精通外交事务
He never mastered the art of the public speaking. 他从未掌握当众演讲的艺术。
(2)n. ①man who has others working for him 主人，雇主
②male head of a household 家里的男主人
③captain of a merchant ship 商船的船长
④male teacher 男教师 eg:
the master of the house 一家之长
the maths master 数学教师 a master’s degree 硕士学位
4．arrange vt. & vi.
(1)put in order 安排；排列；布置 eg:
She is good at arranging flowers. 她擅长插花。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 他离开之前，他把业务都安排好了。
(2)make plans in advance 预做计划 eg:
The Tourist Bureau arranged everything for our journey to Rome. 旅游局为我们去罗马的旅行准备了一切。
(3)arrange+ n. +for +n. 为……安排…… eg:
Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。
(4)arrange sb. to do … 安排某人做…… eg:
I have arranged him to meet her. 我安排他和她见面。
(5)arrange with sb. to do … 约定与某人做…… eg:
We arranged with his team to play a game of baseball. 我们约好和他们队打一场棒球。
(6)arrange that … 商定，安排。 eg:
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. =
He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. 他安排把会议延后一周召开。
5． failure n.
(1)[U] failing; lack of success 失败；不成功 eg:
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
(2)[C] instance of failing; person, attempt or thing that fails 失败的事例；失败的人，企图或失败的事物 eg:
He was a failure as a teacher. 他不是个好老师。
Success came after many failures. 失败多次之后终于成功。
6． locate vt. & vi.
(1)discover, show the locality of 找出……的位置，指出……的位置 eg:
locate a town on a map 在地图上找出一城市的位置
(2)establish in a place 在一地点设置 eg:
a new school to be located in the suburbs 将设置在郊区的一所新学校
(3)be located 位于 eg:
Our school is located in the center of the town. 我们学校坐落于市中心。
(4)比较location n.
[U] locating or being located 指定位置
[C] position or place 位置；地方 eg:
The hill is a good location for the new church. 那山丘是建筑新教堂的好地点。
7． organ n.
(1)any part of an animal body or plant 动植物器官 eg:
the organs of speech, the tongue, teeth, lips, etc. 语言器官（如舌、牙、唇等）
(2)organization 组织，机构 eg:
Parliament is the chief organ of the government. 国会是政府的主要机关。
(3)musical instrument from which sounds are produced by air forced through pipes, played by keys pressed with the fingers and pedals pressed with the feet 风琴
同、近义词辨析
1．likely, possible 与probable
（1）三者均表可能性，但意思有别。possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 eg：
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。
She is likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能给我来电话。
（2）possible 不能用人做主语。possible 常用于下列句型：
It is possible to do sth. It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that … eg:
Is it possible to say so?可能这样说吗？
It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。
（3）probable 也不能用人做主语。一般只用于下面句型中：
It is probable that … eg:
It is probable that he will come. 他很可能要来。
（4）likely 既可用人作主语，也可用物做主语。通可用于“It is likely that …”句型中。 eg:
He is likely to come. = It is likely that he will come. 他可能要来。但不能说：It is likely for him to come.
（5）impossible, improbable, unlikely 用法与上述类似。
2．catch, grasp, seize 与snatch
catch是普通用语，用“设法抓住，捉住”的意思； grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”；seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”；snatch 表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。 eg:
The police caught the thief as he ran. 小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。
He grasped his gun and rushed out. 他抓起枪就冲了出去。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier. 他从敌人士兵手中夺过了枪。
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. 小偷抢走了她的手提包就跑了。
知识点补充
1．Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 无论中国将来会有什么样的成就，其中许多可能就诞生在北京的西北部。
（1）in store 就要到来，必将发生 eg:
Who knows what the future has in store for us? 谁知道我们将来注定如何？
（2）in store 也有储存着，备用的意思 eg:
The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end. 那名赛跑的人为最后冲刺贮存精力。
2． Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry. 在20世界90年代末中关村作为高新科技特区被创立并迅速成为中国高科技工业的先锋。
（1）set up-establish 建立 eg:
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立工作组调查此问题。
（2）in the late 1990s 又可写成in the late 1990’s 二十世纪九十年代末
in the early 1980s 二十世纪八十年代初
（3）hi-tech= high technology 高科技，高技术
3． When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt. 当我获得硕士学位时，我想回到家乡，可是我没能找到学有所用的公司。
（1）本句是一个复合句。When I got my master’s degree 为时间状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词wanted。wanted和couldn’t find为并列谓语动词，由并列连词but连接。where I could use what I had learnt为定语从句，修饰先行词company。what I had learnt 为宾语从句。
（2）a master’s degree 硕士学位 a doctor’s degree 博士学位a bachelor’s degree 学士学位
又如：Master of Arts 文学硕士 Doctor of Law 法学博士Bachelor of Science 理学学士
4．I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family. 我永远不会忘记当再次踏上中国土地和我的朋友及亲人团聚时，那种感觉有多幸福。
（1）本句是复合句。How happy I was …为宾语从句。when I set foot in China again and was back with … 为时间状语从句。
（2）set foot in/on 进入，踏进 eg:
She said she wouldn’t set foot in the room until it had been properly cleaned.
她说直到这屋子收拾好了她才住进去。
No man has ever set foot on that deserted island. 没有人曾光顾过那个荒芜的岛。
5． “Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”- makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future. “依靠科学，技术，知识发展经常”，它阐明了科学和商业能够且必须结合在一起共创未来。
（1）此句为复合句。it为形式宾语，代表that引导的宾语从句。
（2）rely on/upon信赖，依赖 eg: He can always be relied upon or help. 他的帮助是永远可依赖的。
You may rely on my early arrival. 你放心好了，我会早到的。
（3）make…clear 表明，讲清楚 eg:
Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了吗？
They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 他们想说明他们做着一项重要且必要的工作。
6． …but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguanzun. 但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法而感到激动。
（1）that are coming to life in Zhongguancun 为定语从句，修饰先行词ideas。
（2）come to life 苏醒；恢复生气 eg:
We all thought he was drowned, but after an hour’s artificial respiration he came back to life.
我们都以为他淹死了，但经过一小时的人工呼吸后，他又苏醒了。
When I told the students the good news, they all came to life.
当我告诉学生们这个好消息时，他们都活跃起来了。
典型病句诊断
1． 病句：Yufang has come to China for three years.
诊断：Yufang has been in China for three years.
点拨：come为终止性动词，用于现在完成时时态，不能与表一段时间的状语连用。
2． 病句：Where has he gone is to be found out.
诊断：Where he has gone is to be found out.
点拨：主语从句应用陈述句语序。
3． 病句：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return back to China.
诊断：When I got my master’s degree, I wanted to return to China.
点拨：return意思是“come back”，不与back连用。
4． 病句：I would rather you tell me the truth.
诊断：I would rather you told me the truth.
点拨：would rather 后面带的宾语从句表示一种愿望，动词要用过去式来表示虚拟语气。
5． 病句：The old man stays very health.
诊断：The old man stays very healthy.
点拨：stay为系动词，意为“保持（状态）”，后用形容词作表语。
6． 病句：Great changes have been taken place in China.
诊断：Great changes have taken place in China.
点拨：take place “发生，举行”，不用被动语态。
7． 病句：This lesson is more easier than that one.
诊断：This lesson is much easier than that one.
点拨：形容词比较级前不可用more, 而可以用much, even, still, a great deal, a lot, far等加强语气。
8． 病句：All the answers are not correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
诊断：None of the answers are correct. I can’t find one correct answer.
点拨：all…not和not all…表示部分否定，意为“并非都……”，而none表示全部否定，意为“都不……”。
9． 病句：I don’t like the way which you speak to me.
诊断：I don’t like the way that you speak to me.
点拨：在way后面引导定语从句时，可用that, in which 或省略。
10． 病句：Zhongguancun has had a positive affect on business as well as science.
诊断：Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.
点拨：affect vt. “影响”； effect n. “影响”，have a good/bad effect on 意为“对……有好/不良的影响”。
典型例题精析
<1>Chinese arts have won the ________ of a lot of people outside China.
A.enjoyment B.appreciation
C.entertainment D.reputation
解析：enjoyment意为“快乐，高兴”；appreciation意为“欣赏”；entertainment意为“招待，对待”；reputation意为“名誉，名声”，根据句意来看选B项。答案：B
<2>The environmentalists said wild goats, ________ on the vast grasslands was a good phenomenon of the better environment.
A.escape B.absence
C.attendance D.appearance
解析：该题也是一个词汇辨析题，同时也考查构词法知识。escape意为“逃跑，避免”，absence意为“缺席”，attendance意为“到场、出席，护理、照料”，这三个词都与句意不相符，只有appearance“出现”符合题意。答案：D
<3>Mr. Smith used to smoke ________ but he has given it up now.
A.seriously B.heavily
C.badly D.hardly
解析：该题考查词义辨析、动词搭配和构词法知识。从词义上看，hardly为频度副词，要放在谓语动词的前面，首先应将D选项排除掉。另外三个词均为方式副词，虽然都可以置于不及物动词之后，但含义搭配各不相同。只有heavily习惯上与 “drink, smoke, rain, snow” 等动词搭配。故B为正确选项。答案：B
思路开拓
1.(2004年高考全国卷Ⅰ)Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to before the party.
A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
解析：本题考查get的用法。题意是“萨拉，快点吧!恐怕在宴会前你没时间换衣服”。get可用作系动词，后接过去分词，表示被动语态，如：get lost“迷路”，get dressed“穿上衣服”，get injured“受伤”，get paid“领取工资”等。此处get changed意为“换衣服”。答案为A。又如本单元课文中的一句话：The centre itself got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opened a private research and development institute.答案：A
2.(2004年高考湖南卷)I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A.how B.which C.where D.that
解析：本题考查定语从句。题意是“我在一家公司上班，在这里几乎每个人都在等待着飞黄腾达的机会”。句中almost everyone is waiting for a great chance是一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词business。由句子的结构可知，business在定语从句中应是作地点状语，即almost everyone is waiting for a great chance in the business，故引导词要用关系副词where。答案为C。又如本单元课文中的一句话：I want to return home but couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learnt.答案：C
3.(2004年高考北京卷)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A.had considered B.has been considering
C.considered D.is going to consider
解析：本题考查动词的时态区别。从题干中的is和hasn’t decided两个动作来看，句子用的是现在时态，根据时态一致原则，可先排除A、C两项。题意是“露西失业了，她一直在考虑回去上学，但还没有最终决定”。可知应用现在完成进行时，表示一段时间以来一直在做某事。故答案为B。又如本单元课文中的一句话：Since the early 1990s, China has been enjoying a boom in scientific and technology development. 答案：B
4.(2004年上海春招)Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away, into the woods.
A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared
C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing
解析：本题考查识别句子结构的能力以及非谓语动词的用法。题意为“突然，一个驾驶着一辆金色马车的男人抢走了那个女孩，之后消失在那片树林里”。句子的主语是a tall man；driving a golden carriage是分词短语作定语；句中的and连接的是谓语动词seized和took；因为逗号不能起连接作用，故第二个空白处的动词与前面的seized和took不是并列的谓语动词，而应是作结果状语；因为disappear与man是主动关系，故用其现在分词形式作状语。答案为D。又如本单元课文中的一句话：In 2001, Chinese scientists announced that they had completed mapping out their part of the international human genome project, proving that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best.答案：D
5.(2003年高考上海卷)The discovery of new evidence led to .
A.the thief having caught B.catching the thief
C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught
解析：本题考查动词短语lead to的用法。lead to意为“导致，引起”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。题意是“新证据的发现导致了那个贼的被捉”。显然，catch与the thief之间是被动关系，故要用动名词的被动式。答案为C。又如本单元中的一句话：The programme was started in March 1986 and has led to several breakthroughs in science and technology.答案：C
能力提升
§6.1 单项填空
1.The theory by Einstein was later to prove true, but at that time few people could accept it.
A.put out B.put together C.put aside D.put forward
解析：“爱因斯坦提出的理论”。put out“扑灭”；put together“组合；整理”；put aside“搁置；存放”；put forward“提出；推荐”。答案：D
2.I don’t think Jack is a man to be when we are in trouble and need his help.
A.hoped for B.related to C.expected from D.relied on
解析：“杰克是一个不可靠的人”。rely on“依靠；信赖”。答案：D
3.An earthquake shook the city last night and hundreds of houses .
A.got to damage B.got damaged C.got damage D.got damaging
解析：“get+done”是被动语态的一种形式，get damaged意为“被毁坏”。答案：B
4.Later, I wanted to return home but couldn’t find a company I could use I had learnt.
A.that;what B.when;what C.where;what D.where;that
解析：“在公司里我可以使用我所学的知识”。where引导定语从句；what引导宾语从句。答案：C
5.Mr.White is now in Beijing and runs a company in Zhongguancun together with some Chinese friends.
A.to base B.basing C.to be based D.based
解析：公司坐落在中关村，即以中关村为基地，用过去分词based作定语，相当于which is based。答案：D
6.The earliest influences upon children will most likely have the strongest effects their personalities.
A.toward B.on C.over D.for
解析：have effect on/upon是固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。答案：B
7.Now there is just one point I wish you to make quite clear.
A.where B.which C.whether D.when
解析：point在后面的定语从句中作make的宾语，故引导词用which。答案：B
8.Just as the doctor , your wife is not exactly fat, but rather well-built for her age.
A.gets it B.makes it C.puts it D.means it
解析：get it“明白了，知道了”；make it“到达；成功”；put it“说，表达”；mean it“说话算数”。答案：C
9.They say the recorder costs 150 dollars. But I don’t think it’s worth much.
A.that B.as C.even D.rather
解析：“不值那么多钱”，用that much，此时that相当于so。答案：A
10.When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids life at once.
A.came to B.got to C.return to D.went to
解析：come to life是固定短语，意为“变得活跃起来”。答案：A
11.He got full marks in this math exam, that he was among the class’ best.
A.to prove B.proved C.having proved D.proving
解析：此处用现在分词作结果状语，相当于and proved。答案：D
12.Firemen said the fire wasunder control, but they warned that the change in the weather might new fires.
A.lead to B.bring in C.result from D.break out
解析：天气的变化可能引起新的火灾。lead to“引起，导致”；bring in“引进，赚钱”；result from“起因于”；break out“爆发，发生”，是不及物动词短语。答案：A
13. great progress we have made, we should not be conceited.
A.However B.How C.Whatever D.What
解析：whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。因progress是名词，故前面不能用however。
答案：C
14.He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
解析：此处定语从句修饰the only one，故从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。答案：D
15.The success you have achieved today may be for your whole future.
A.accessible B.significant C.temporary D.challenging
解析：你今天取得的成功或许对你整个人生都很重要。accessible“可使用的”；significant“重要的”；temporary“暂时的”；challenging“具有挑战性的”。答案：B
课文译文
中关村
不管中国将来会创造出多么伟大的成就，他们很有可能就诞生在北京的西北部。中关村，在北京海淀区，是中国科技的新中心。它是中科院以及北京大学、清华大学等十几所著名高校的所在地。
中关村在20世纪90年代末的时候才建为一个特别经济区，但很快就成了中国高新技术工业的领导力量。该中心本身创办于20世纪80年代初，中科院研究员陈春贤首先在此开办了一家私人研究发展学院。在接下来的10年里，大约有一百多家科技公司搬到这个地区来，这样，新的科技中心围绕着当初的中关村花园发展起来了。他们都有自己的特色，但他们也都有共同点，即:使得中关村成为一个成功典范的创新精神和科学技术。
中关村也拥有一批人数正在逐年增长的海外归来的学子，他们抓住机会来实现他们的愿望。项余方就是在海外学习工作后归国的学子之一。中关村实现了利用自己所学为国效力的梦想。
“我在国外求学是因为我想多看一看世界，能和我所研究领域的顶级科学家们一起工作。在国外，我从没感到很舒适，我想念在中国的一切。获得硕士学位的时候，我想回国，但苦于找不到一家公司施展我的才学。我在国外工作了几年，后来我听说了中关村，我知道它很适合我。”
项余方和几个在北京的大学同学说了这事，他们安排他回国。他辞去了在外国公司的工作，回到了北京。
“我非常高兴，太棒了，就像一个梦想实现了一样。我能做我想做的并且能为国家作贡献的事情了，我将永远不会忘记当我第一脚踏上中国的土地，再次见到我的朋友和家人时我是多么的兴奋！”
余方现在已在中国四年了，做得很棒。他住在北京，和两个朋友以中关村为基地开办了一家小公司。
中关村不仅对商业，对科学也有积极的影响。现在，中关村大约有八千多家高新技术公司，其中一半以上与IT（信息技术）产业有关。该园里也有中国电脑产业巨头“联想”和“方正”以及20多家知名国际公司。中关村的著名格言之一“依靠科学、技术、知识来增强经济实力”，说明科学和商业能够并且一定要联合在一起共建未来。另外一句格言帮我们解释该园的成功秘诀:“鼓励创造性工作，接受失败”。伟大的科学成就都是多年失败的结晶，多年的尝试创造以前从未存在的东西。
中关村的科学研究人员都知道，如果他们勇于面对失败，并且从失败中学习，他们就能够达到顶峰。不是所有的公司都能成功的，但他们所代表的创造精神是比金钱都还重要的。正如余方所说:“我们还没有挣很多钱，但对于中关村所激活的新技术和伟大的想法我们激动不已”。
综合技能
火热的成就
中国的历史充满了科技方面的伟大成就。自从20世纪90年代以来，中国的科技迅猛发展。中国政府提出“科技兴国”战略；在科技方面已经获得了许多重大突破。结果是显而易见的。
空间探索
CSA，中国航天部，已经成功地研发了长征系列火箭。这些火箭很安全，已经用来向太空发射卫星，并且准备发射我们国家第一次载人太空飞行。
探索生命奥秘
中国在利用基因技术提高农业产量方面一直都处于领先位置。最重要的成就之一就是一种能增加产量的水稻。在过去的二十年时间里，中国加入了研究人类身体的国际组织。2001年，中国科学家宣布，他们已经成功地完成了他们那一部分的国际人类基因组测序工程，再一次证明中国科学家是全球最棒的。
电子革命
中国可以说是一眼就爱上了比特。互联网正在越来越受欢迎，一种新的宽带互联网即将问世。中国计算机工程师们研发了神威级超级计算机，运算速度，世界第48位，还研制了第一代人工智能机器人。
战胜癌魔
人类历史中第一次，科学家能创造出一种战胜癌细胞的化学元素。
知识记忆
1.significant adj.意义重大的，重要的，有意义的a significant date 一个重要的日期
It is a significant change in the system.这是制度上的重大改变。
The Olympic Games is a significant event for the country.举办奥运会是对该国具有重大意义的事件。
Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.青霉素是一项极其重要的医学发现。
He gave her a significant look.他意味深长地看了她一眼。
be significant of… 意味着，表示……
His silence was significant of his displeasure.他的沉默显示了他心中的不快。
The laughter was significant of the crowd’s respect for the speaker.这笑声表示观众对演讲人的尊敬。
2.likely adj.很可能的
①sb./sth.is likely to do sth. “某人或某事可能会……”
He is likely to win.他可能会赢。
Are we likely to arrive on time?我们会按时到达吗？
It is likely to rain tonight.今晚可能下雨。
An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.如不小心，你就可能出事故。
②It is likely that… “很可能会……”
Is it likely that he will arrive so late?他可能会来得很晚吗？
It is not likely that she should have said so.她不可能这么说。
adv.大概，或许，很可能；通常与most, very, quite等连用。
He will very likely pass the exam.他可能会通过考试的。
Most likely his attempt will fail.很可能他的尝试会失败。
3.private adj.私立的，私人的，非公开的
He attended a private school in town.他曾就读于城里的一所私立学校。
You can get a private doctor to operate on him.你可以找个私人医生为他做手术。
This is my private view.这是我个人的看法。
He is here on private business.他是因私事来这里的。
It’s wrong to read people’s private letters without permission.未经允许看私人信件是不对的。
I wish to have a private talk with you.我想私下与你谈谈。
in private“私下地，秘密地，不公开地”
It isn’t the sort of thing one should talk of in private.这不是那种可以私下谈论的事情。
He can be very rude in private, though in public he’s usually polite.他虽然在公共场合彬彬有礼，但私底下却很粗野。
4.grasp vt.抓住，抓牢，理解
He reached out, grasped my hand, and shook it.他伸出手，抓住我的手握了一下。
He grasped her firmly by the arm.他紧紧抓住她的手臂。
If you grasp the rope I will pull you up.你抓紧绳子，我把你拉上来。
Grasp your chances while you can.只要有可能，就要抓住你的机会。
You must grasp this opportunity to study abroad.你要抓住这次出国学习的机会。
I didn’t quite grasp what he was talking about.对他所讲的，我不太理解。
I grasped the main points of the speech.我理解了这次讲话的要点。
5.set foot in到达，进入，踏上
I left him, determined never to set foot in that house again.我离开了他，决心再也不踏进那个家门。
She had never set foot in a place as grand as this before.她以前从没到过这么大的地方。
I’ll never set foot in Tokyo again.我再也不会踏进东京一步。
6.failure n.失败[U]；失败的事或人[C]
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
His plans ended in failure.他的计划以失败而告终。
It was clear that the policy was a failure.很明显，那项政策失败了。
But this plan, too, can be nothing but a failure.但这项计划也只能会失败。
Gary was a failure as a football player.作为一个足球运动员，加里是个失败者。
Success comes after many failures.成功是源于很多次的失败后得来的。
7.locate vt.设置(机关、店铺等)，设立(工厂、办公室等)；确定……的位置
They decided to locate their new office in Hong Kong.他们决定在香港设立新的办事处。
We located the island on the map.我们在地图上确定那个岛的位置。
be located in/on… 坐落于……，位于……
Our school is located in the centre of the town.我们学校坐落于市镇的中心。
The country is located in the southern part of Africa.该国位于非洲南部。
8.luggage n.(总称)行李
He did not have much luggage.他没有很多行李。
You are only allowed to take one piece of hand luggage onto a plane.你只可携带一件手提行李上飞机。
They left their luggage at the station.他们把行李忘在了车站。
注：luggage是不可数名词。
9.put forward提出，建议，推荐
He had no desire to put forward his plan.他不想提出他的计划。
Are you serious in putting forward such a view?你真的要提出这种观点吗？
The theory was laughed at when it was first put forward.这个理论刚提出时，就受到了嘲笑。
We put him forward for the position of chairman.我们推举他当主席。
10.announce vt.宣布，宣告，显示
He phoned me to announce his decision.他打电话给我，宣布了他的决定。
The government announced its new economic policies.政府发布了新的经济政策。
We have announced our engagement to some friends only.我们只告知某些朋友有关我们订婚的事。
It has been announced that he will resign.他已经将辞职的消息宣布了。
He announced that he would pay his debts.他宣布他将偿还债务。
Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.请告知你们班的学生明天不上课。
A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.温暖的阳光显示春天即将来到。
发散思维
1.rely on 依靠，依赖，信赖，指望
We may rely on his promises.我们可以信赖他的诺言。
The man is not to be relied on.这个人不可靠。
We must rely on our own efforts.我们一定要靠自己的努力。
They rely heavily on us for help.他们很依赖我们的帮助。
rely on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.你可以相信彼特会做他答应做的事的。
I rely on her to pay back the money.我相信她会还钱。
rely on one’s doing sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
Don’t rely on my seeing you off.不要指望我为你送行。
We can’t rely on his coming in time.我们不能指望他会按时来到。
rely on it that… 相信……，指望……
You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接见你的。
2.arrange vt.安排，筹划，整理，布置
I have to arrange my affairs before going away.在走之前，我得把我的事情安排好。
Please arrange the books on the shelves.请把架子上的书整理好。
She helped me arrange the flowers.她帮助我养花。
The travel agency has arranged everything for our trips to Canada.旅行社已为我们的加拿大之行准备好一切。
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事，预定做某事
I’ve arranged to see her tomorrow morning.我安排明天上午会见她。
He arranged to meet us at the hotel at one o’clock.他预定1点到宾馆与我们见面。
arrange for 安排，准备
I have to arrange for everything.我必须准备好一切。
I’ll arrange for a car to pick you up at the airport.我会安排一辆汽车到机场去接你。
They have arranged for another man to take his place.他们已安排另一个人去接替他的位置。