一、单元考点提示
1.before long;long before
before long 意为“不久、很快”（soon,after a short period of time）,其中的before是介词，long是名词，在句中作状语，常与将来时或过去时连用。如：
Before long he had to move on again.
long before意为“很久以前”，其中的long是副词。long before单独使用时，before是副词。long before后接名词或代词时，before为介词。long before后接从句时，before为连词。该词组常与过去时、过去完成时连用。如：
They heard of it long before.
I knew your brother long before I knew you.
2.force; make
force和make均有“迫使”之义，但有区别。force常含有暴力威胁之意，常用于“force+名词/代词+带to的不定式”结构。如：
When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
The PLA men forced the enemy to surrender(投降).
make 所表示的迫使意义没有force强，常用于“make+名词/代词+省略to的不定式”结构。如：
What makes you think I’m a worker?
How did Lin Feng make the baby stop crying?
注：当make用于被动语态时，其后作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如：The workers were made to work ten hours a day.
3.such… that;so…that
such…that和so…that 引导的都是结果状语从句。一般such+名词+that,so+形/副词+that，其具体用法如下：
（1）such… that:
①such修饰单数可数名词，即such+a/an+(形)+单数可数名词，如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
This is such a good book that I have read it several times.
②such修饰复数可数名词，即：such+(形)+复数可数名词，如：
These are such small shoes that I can’t wear them.
③such修饰不可数名词，即：such+(形)+不可数名词，如：
He made such rapid progress that he did well in mid-term examination.
④such与one,no等词一起修饰名词时，这些词要放在such的前面，即：
one
no
any
all 单数可数名词
many +such+ 复数可数名词 ,如:
some 不可数名词
several
few
He has made some such mistakes.
I have met many such people.
One such book is enough.
There is no such a word in the dictionary.
All such story-books must be collected.
I have few such good books.
I have never met any such persons.
注：such a lot of +名词，而不能说a lot of such+名词。
（2）so…that
①so修饰形容词或副词，即：so+ 形/副+that，如：
Mr Wang is so busy that he can’t leave his office.
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
②so也可以修饰名词，但该名词前必须有many,few,little等表示数量多少的词修饰。如：
many
so+ +可数名词复数
few
much
so+ +不可数名词复数
little
该句型只能用so,而不能用such,如：
I have had so many falls(跌了那么多跤)that I’m black and blue(青一块紫一块)all over.
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
Teachers in our school have so much work to do that they are busy all day.
John has so little money that he can’t buy the book.
(3)such…that与 so…that 的相互转换
当被修饰部分是“ a/an+形容词+名词”时，以上两个句型可以通过调整a或an的位置进行互换。即：
such a/ an+形容词+名词+that…=so+形容词/a/an+名词+that…。如：
It is such a good book that I have read it several times.
=It is so good a book that I have read it several times.
This is such an important meeting that you should attend it.
=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.
注:当被修饰的部分是“形容词+复数名词或不可数名词”时，二者不能进行转化。如：
such good students 不能改为：so good students.
such rapid progress 不能改为：so rapid progress.
4.advice 的用法
advice的用法有如下几点值得注意：
(1)advice表示“忠告、建议”，是不可数名词。表示忠告的数量，要借助piece 来表达。如：
a piece/two pieces of advice一条/两条建议
(2)advice后接that从句，从句的谓语常用“（should+）动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。如：
The doctor gave his father advice that he (should)not smoke any more.医生建议他的父亲不要吸烟了。
(3)give advice on表示“在……方面提出建议”，后面的 on 有时可改为 about。如：
He gave us some advice on/about how to study well.他给我们提了些如何搞好学习的建议。
5.表示年龄的介词
(1)表示“在某人十几岁/二十几岁/三十几岁……九十几岁”时，用介词in,即构成短语“in one’s teens/twenties/thirties…nineties”。如：
When Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia.当马克思五十几岁时，他发现研究俄国形势很重要。
(2)表示某人超过多少岁时，用介词over或above。如：
My father is a man above fifty.我父亲是一个五十多岁的人。
He didn’t get married until he was over forty.他直到四十多岁才结婚。
(3)表示某人不到多少岁时，用介词under或below。如：
People below eighteen years of age have no rights to vote.不到十八岁的人没有选举权。
The teachers here are all under thirty years old.这里的老师都不到三十岁。
(4)表示某人大约多少岁时，用介词about或 around。如：
The men invited yesterday is about sixty.昨天被邀请的人约六十岁。
(5)表示某人接近多少岁时，用介词towards或near。如：
The old many towards 100 years old passed away last year.那个差不多满百岁的老人去年去世了。
(6)表示某人正好多少岁时，用介词at或介词短语 at the age of。如：
My father began to make a living at 15/at the age of 15.我父亲在十五岁时开始谋生。
另外，也可用“介词of+数词”来表达，不过此短语常作后置定语。如：
When Edison was a boy of sixteen,he invented many things.当爱迪生还是一个十六岁的孩子时，他就发明了许多东西。
6.die用法小结
(1)“死亡”是个终止性动词，不能用完成时态，如果要与表示一段时间的状语连用时，需使用其形容词形式dead（死的）。如：
He died ten years ago.
He has been dead for ten years.
(2)没有进行时，如果用进行时，则表示“渐渐死去、快死去、渴望”的含义。如：
The dog is dying.
She is dying to know the result.
(3) 与die构成的一些动词词组：
①die away“逐渐消失、平息”。如：
The sound has died away.
②die by“死于……”，常与暴行、刀剑等词搭配。如：
The thief died by sword(刀剑)。
③die for “为……而死”。如：
He died for the people. His death is as heavy as Mount Tai
④die from“由于……而死”，后常接灾祸、衰弱、负伤等外因。
He died from a chest wound.(胸部受伤)
He died from weakness.(衰弱)
⑤die of“因（患）……而死”，后常接年老、疾病、情感、贫寒等内因的死。如：
The baby died of a fever.
The old woman died of grief(悲伤)soon after her husband’s death.
⑥die out“熄灭、绝种（迹）”。如：
The lights died out suddenly.
Many old customs are gradually(逐渐地)dying out.
7.同源宾语用法
一般来讲，不及物动词不能带宾语。但英语中有些不及物动词可带上与该动词同根的名词作宾语，语法上称作“同源宾语”。可带同源宾语的动词常用的有：
live,smile,dream,die,breathe,laugh,sleep,sing,fight,run等。
(1)live a happy/hard/simple/quiet/miserable life过着幸福/苦难/俭朴/安静/悲惨的生活，如：
In the past people lived a hard life but now they are living a happy life.
(2)smile a forced smile勉强笑笑，如：
He smiled a forced smile at me and went away.
(3)dream a wonderful/bad/terrible dream做美/恶梦
(4)die a heroic/glorious death英勇就义/光荣牺牲
die a sudden death突然死去
(5)breathe a deep breath做深呼吸，如：
It is good for us to breathe a deep breath in the morning.
(6)laugh a merry laugh开心一笑
laugh a foolish laugh傻笑
(7)sleep a sound sleep熟睡，睡得极甜
sleep a comfortable sleep睡得很舒服
(8)sing a wonderful/beautiful song唱着优美的歌曲
(9)fight a victorious battle 打胜仗
(10)run a fast race快跑
以上可看出同源宾语的特点：
(1)同源宾语前面常有形容词修饰。
(2)同源宾语前常用不定冠词修饰
(3)separate…from;divide…into
divide表示“分开、划分、分割”，引申表示“意见不合、使不合”的意思，侧重把某一整体的人或物分成若干份。如：
Ireland is divided into two countries.
爱尔兰被分成两个国家。
注意：divide后可接into和among,即divide A into B,意为：把A划分成B；divide sth.among/between sb.常指把一具体东西分给几个或更多的人。如：
The teacher divided the boys from the girls.老师把男孩子和女孩子分为两组。
He divided the cake among the children.他把蛋糕分给孩子们。
separate表示“分离”“分隔”，常与from连用。指把原来连在一起的或靠在一起的人或物分隔开，使之间隔一段距离。另外，separate可用做形容词，表示“单独的”。如：
The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.两个岛屿被爱尔兰海分隔开来。
The patients should be separated from the others.这些病人应当隔离。
8. part of ;a part of
二者可接单、复数可数或不可数名词，名词前要有the,these,your等限定词。尽管两个词组都表示“部分”，但词义范围有所不同。a part of指整体的一半以下，一小部分。如：
A great part of the city was destroyed.市内很大一部分地区被毁。
part of指整体的一半或一半以下。part of 中的part可用复数parts.如：
I’ve read part of the book.这本书我看了一部分。
In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.世界上有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。
注意：若强调某物是整体的不可分割的一部分，往往只用part of.如：
Taiwan is part of China’s territory. 台湾是中国领土（不可分割）的一部分。
9.be famous for;be famous as
这一对短语都是“以……而出（著）名”的意思，但它们会在含义和用法上有区别。
(1)当主语是表示人的名词时，be famous for表示“以某种知识、技能、作品或特征而出名”，be famous as 则表示“以某身份而出名”。试比较：
Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的相对论而著名。
Einstein was famous as a great scientist.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。
(2)当主语是地点名词时，be famous for 表示“以某种特点（产品）而出名”；be famous as 则表示“以什么样的产地而出名”。如：
Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.苏格兰有许多湖泊和山脉，并以其乡村美景著称。
The area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区以绿茶产地而出名。
(3)当主语是事物名词时，be famous for表示“以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知”；be famous as 则表示“以某种形式出名”。如：
This grammar book is famous for its practical usage. 这本语法书以其实用性而被人所知。
This book is famous as a reference book.这是一本有名的参考书。
总之，be famous for后的介词是主语的所属内容，而be famous as 后的介词宾语则与主语是同位成分。
10.feed…to;feed…on(with);feed on
这三个词组都有“喂食”的意思，但使用时须注意区别：
(1)feed…to中的feed是及物动词，其后接饲料或食物名词作宾语，to为介词，其后一般接动物或小孩等名词表示对象，其词组意思是：把……喂给……吃。如：
Please feed some grass to the cow.请给牛喂点草。
She has fed milk to the baby.她已给婴儿喂过奶。
(2)feed…on 中的feed也是及物动词,其后接人或动物名词作宾语, on后接食物或饲料名词,其词组表示“用……喂……”。On可与with 替换。如：
The child was feeding the monkey on/with a banana.那孩子用香蕉喂猴子。
(3)feed on 中的feed为不及物动词，意思是“食、吃”（主要指动物，若指人则为口语或诙谐用语），与介词on连用构成及物动词词组，其词组意思是“以……为食，靠……为生”，其主语主要用来指动物，也可用于指婴儿，其宾语通常是食物或饲料名词。如：
Cattle feed mostly on grass.牛以草为主食。
feed on与live on同义，但live on主要用于指人，以人作主语，常以表示食物、工资、钱等的名词作宾语。如：
People live on rice.这里的人以大米为主食。
She lives on a small salary.她靠微薄的薪水为生。
但live on 也可用于指动物，以动物名词作主语。例如：
All ants live/feed on liquid food.所有的蚂蚁以液体食物为主。
二、考点精析与拓展
题1 （上海 1999）
It is not rare in _______ that people in_____fifties are goig to university for further eduation.
A.90s; their B.the 90s ;不填
C.90s; 不填 D.the 90s;their
分析：D。表示“20世纪90年代”应用in the 90s，在某人50多岁的时候应用in one’s fifties。
题2 （NMET 1995）
He gained his ______ by painting______of famous writers.
A.wealth;work B.wealths; works
C.wealths;work D.wealth;works
分析：D。wealth财富，为不可数名词，故不能选择B和C。works表“著作、作品”，可数名词，常用复数。
题3
-I’d like________ information about the management of your hotel,please.
-Well,you could have ______ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some;a B.an;some C.some;some D.an;a
分析：A。information为不可数名词，前不能加不定冠词，所以B，D应排除。have a word with sb.是英语中的固定词组，意为“谈一谈”。
题4 （上海 1993）
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he_________.
A.had long been expected B.had long expected
C.has long expected D.was long expected
分析：B。expect的动作发生在receive之前，即过去时态之前，所以用过去完成时态。
题5 （NMET 2002）
-Is John coming by train?
-He should,but he______ not. He likes driving his car.
A.must B.can C.need D.may
分析：D。 该题考查情态动词用法，根据题意可知：John应该坐火车来，但也许不是（坐火车来）。从四个选项的否定形式看：mustn’t表示“绝对禁止、不允许”，can’t 表示“不可能”，needn’t表示“没必要”，may not 表示“可能不”，所以应用may not.
题6
Which is _____ country, Canada or Australia?
A.a large B.larger C.a larger D.the larger
分析：D。要比较两个中“较……的一个”，应用比较级。所以前面加the.