牛津高中英语模块二（第一讲）
主讲教师：邵磊
主审： 孙德霖
【教学内容与教学要求】
教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块二Unit 1（上）
二、教学要求：
1．学会谈论有关宇宙空间的简单话题。
2．学习阅读英语新闻综述。
3．理解现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义和用法。
【知识重点与学习难点】
重要单词：
tale, unexplained, .alien, mystery, technology, monster, sunken(adj) stonehenge, pyramid, disappearance, multi-coloured, nightmare, detective, format, detail, paragraph, Yeti, puzzle(n&v), sighting, witness, creature, research, frighten, case, murder, convincing, evidence, typical, outer, progress, treasure, lately, website, wild, similar, hairy, strength, footprint, existence, inch, exploration, orbit, launch, artificial, astronaut, oxygen.
二、重点词组：
run into碰到, believe in相信（信仰、理论、说法等）, step up加紧, go missing失踪, show great interest in对….表现出极大的兴趣, due to因为, show up露面, according to根据, pull back拉开, do research on在….方面进行研究, rule out排除, look into调查, make up编造, take charge of负责, make a speech作报告, so far到目前为止, outer space外层空间, human beings人类, space shuttle航天飞机, Soviet Union苏联, carry out.完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行, dream of梦想, come true实现, solar system太阳系, comic strip连环漫画.
三、【语法】
A.现在完成时
1．现在完成时态的构成：现在完成时是由助动词have/has+过去分词构成。
2．在现完成时 表示动作完成在过去，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，just，ever，never和yet等连用。表示曾去过某处have / has been；表示某人去某处（还没有回来）用have / has gone。例如：I have just locked the door.
He has left London for York.
3．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，有以下几种情况：
与for + 表示一段时间的词组连用。例如：I have worked here for 20 years.
与since + 表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。例如：They have had 4 meetings since the new term began.4. 非延续性动词与可延续性动词 两者都可用于现在完成时，但非延续性动词用在现在完成时时不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果必须这样用，就需要把非延续性动词转化为可延续性动词或状态动词。
He has been back for three days. He has been back since three days ago. It's three days since he came back. Three days has passed since he came back.B.现在完成进行时
构成：have/has been+doing
现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性。现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩,例如:
The couple have been quarreling ever since they got married.（说话人对这对夫妻的关系很不以为然）
You have been asking me questions for the last two hours.（不耐烦）
现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻还在进行。例如：
He has been working on the puzzle since early morning.
We have been waiting for the result for half a day.
现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻刚刚结束。例如：
Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
I have been wondering about your behavior.
3. 现在完成进行时可以用来表示过去刚刚完成的动作，其结果对现在有影响或联系，例如：
She has been crying(她现在眼睛还在红肿).
It has been snowing.(地上已经有了一层雪).
【难点讲解】
The world we live in today is full of mysteries unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology.
我们生活的世界里充满了谜团, 这些谜团即使是当今发达的科学技术也无法解开。
过去分词短语unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology是mysteries的定语，它的作用相当于定语从句which are unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology。当定语从句是由关系代词＋be动词＋过去分词或现在分词短语构成时，关系代词和be动词可以省略。例如：
Stories (which were) made up by him didn’t sound very convincing.
People (who are) living in these areas believe in ghosts.
Advanced 先进的、发达的。
Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing in Dover, New Hampshire.
美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁失踪男孩的搜索，该男孩于两天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。
step up加紧，如: step up production, step up the campaign, step up the lobby(加紧游说)
search在句中作名词，常见词组有one’s/the search for（对…的搜索、探求），in search of(为了寻求)。例如：
His search for truth has led to one discovery after another.
He risked his life in search of truth.
Police是集体名词，形式上永远是单数，和复数动词连用。
People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sighting of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance.
公众对男孩的失踪表现出极大的兴趣，原因是在他失踪前后有人声称看到天空中出现令人迷惑不解的亮光，还有关于外星人造访地球的报道。
Standing inside were lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes.
（飞碟）里面站着许多白皮肤、样子奇怪、长着黑色大眼睛的生物。
这是个倒装句，这句话的正常语序是：Lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes were standing inside. 当句子的主语部分太长，或说话人想要强调对动作的描写时，可以把现在分词短语和主语部分的位置交换，形成“现在分词短语＋be动词＋主语部分”的倒装结构。例如：
Lying there was a thin, black woman with untidy hair and stony face.
Coming up is a talk show by our famous host Peter Pan.
white-skinned白皮肤的，这是一个由形容词＋名词＋ed构成的复合形容词，中学阶段常见的还有: kind-hearted, bold-faced, ill-tempered等。
strange-looking样子奇怪的。形容词/副词＋动词＋ing也可以构成的复合形容词，例如：good-looking, easy-going(好相处的), never-ending, ever-lasting.
believe和believe in
believe+sb表示“相信某人的话”，believe+sth表示“相信某事的真实性”。例如：
I believe George, he has never told a lie.
Do you believe his story?
Believe in+sb表示“信任某人”，believe in+sth表示“相信某事的存在、信仰某种学说或宗教”。例如：
I believe in Ed, he will never let me down (让我失望).
I don’t believe in UFO.
He believes in Maxism.
search和search for
search+搜查的对象，例如：search the house, search the prisoner.
Search for+，例如：search for gold, search for food.
也可以是：search+搜查的对象＋搜索的目标。例如：search the house for the thief
make up编造, make up for补偿、弥补, be made up of由….构成. 例如：
We had to work day and night to make up for the lost time.
He made up this story simply to draw attention to himself.
The exploration team was made up of 4 scientists, a doctor and an Indian guide.
go作为系动词用法小结：
表示“变得”，常和有关颜色、状态、质地的形容词或词组连用，例如：
a. His hair has gone gray.
b. He went purple（发紫）with anger.
c. The company went broke (破产)after such a heavy loss.
d. Milk goes bad (变质)very easily in hot weather.
e. The children went wild with excitement (高兴地发狂).
f. The project can be finished in a week if nothing goes wrong.
表示“选择….样的方式、采用….的方法”，例如：go natural回归自然, go international国际化, go native融入当地社会, go green追求绿色生活。
表示“未受到…”, 常和un+过去分词构成的形容词unpunished/ unnoticed/ unchallenged/ uncommented等连用，相当于“pass/get away without being＋过去分词”，例如：
Many important details have gone unnoticed while he was listening.
If his cheating goes unpunished, more students will follow suit（跟着学）.
【同步练习】
单项选择
Nanjing is situated------- the Yangtse River.
A. to B. near C. on D. at
John will settle -------- after he gets a job and gets married.
A.down B. up C. about D. for
A large number of people -------- London each year.
A.visits B. visiting C. are visit D. visit
Most of the meat --------bad.
A. have gone B. have went C. has gone D. has went
We have got used to ------- together.
A.work B. works C. worked D. working
He isn`t the man he used to---------.
A.be B. is C. been D. being
He ------ himself ----- the improvement of workers` lives.
A. asked; for B. devoted; to C. paid; by D. put; in
8. This is the hotel -------- some German friends stayed yesterday.
A. which B. where C. the one D. what
9. All ----- glitters is not gold.
A. which B. what C. that D. it
10. Is that the woman ---------- daughter is in your class?
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
11. They left for Beijing last week and we -------- from them so far.
A. don`t hear B.didn`t hear C. won`t hear D.haven`t heard
12. Whenever he ------ these days, he always carries an umbrella with him.
A. will go out B. is going out C. would go out D. goes out
13.Would you be so kind --------make these calls for me.
A. as soon B. in order to C. for D. as to
14.If it isn`t too ---------- for you, could you open this window please?
A. many troubles B. much trouble C. much pleasure D. little difficulties
15. The window is broken, I will have it ----------.
A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. be repaired
二、用下列单词或词组的适当形式填空：
Believe, believe in, run into, step up, search, search for, carry out, frighten
existence, exploration, convince, witness, puzzle, late, sink.
The police ______ already _______ his house but haven’t found any evidence against him.
The local government has ________campaign against bird flu(禽流感).
I ___________ an old friend in the street the other day.
Scientists have been __________ the traces of Yetis in Tibet.
Do you _______ that we will run out of oil in a score of years?
As a businessman he __________ nothing but money.
It is highly impossible to ________ this plan.
There was a _______ look on his face when he heard his name called.
The roar of wild animals at night sounded very ________to the kids.
I’m fully _________ of his innocence(清白)
Have you heard from your parents _______?
She looked past me as if I did not _______.
There were lots of people _________ this historical event.
They found nothing of great value in the _______ ship.
Man has launched many spaceships _______ outer space.
三、完形填空
I went to my favorite restaurant one evening to have supper. I knew the owner very well. 1 I was waiting for the soup to arrive, I looked around to see if I knew anyone in the restaurant. It was 2 that I noticed a man sitting at the corner table 3 watching in my direction, as if he knew me. The man had a newspaper open 4 him, which he was 5 to read, though all the while I could see that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought the soup, the man was clearly 6 by the familiar way in which the waiter and I talked to each other. He became even more puzzled as time went on and it grew more and more obvious that I was well 7 in the restaurant. In the end he got up and went to the kitchen. After a few minutes he came 8 again, paid his bill and left without 9 looking in my direction.
When I finished and was 10 to pay my bill, I called the owner over and 11 him what the man had wanted. The owner at 12 didn’t want to tell me. I 13 “ Well”, he said “ that man was a detective.” “ 14 ?” I said, much surprised. “ he followed you here because he 15 you were the man he was looking for,” the owner said. “ He showed me a photo of the 16 man. He certainly looked 17 you! Of course since we know you here. I was able to make him 18 that he had made a mistake.” “ It’s 19 I came to a restaurant where I’m where I’m known,” I said, “ otherwise I 20 have been taken to police station!”
1.A. While B. After C. Before D. Until
2.A. time B. time C. here D. there
3.A. began B. enjoyed C. kept D. stopped
4.A. behind B. over C. in front of D. beside
5.A. pretending B. seen C. prepared D. hold
6.A. frightened B. surprised C. puzzled D. pleased
7.A. treated B. welcomed C. received D. known
8.A. around B. up C. in D. out
9.A. another B. a C. any D. each
10.A. able B. about C. willing D. anxious
11.A. told B. showed C. asked D. gave
12.A. last B. first C. least D. once
13.A. insisted B. apologized C. wondered D. regretted
14.A. Certainly B. Really C. Why D. How
15.A. knew B. found C. explain D. thought
16.A. strange B. famous C. wanted D. curious
17.A. for B. at C. after D. like
18.A. believe B. agree C. remember D. learn
19.A. necessary B. funny C. lucky D. clear
20.A. need B. will C. can D. might
【参考答案】
一、CADCD, ABBCB, DDDBC
二、1.have,searched 2. stepped up 3. ran into 4.searching for 5.believe 6. believes in 7.carry out 8.puzzled 9. frightening 10. convinced 11. lately 12. exist 13 to witness 14.sunken 15. to explore
三、ABCCA, CDDAB, CBABD, CDACD
牛津高中英语模块二（第二讲）
主讲教师：邵磊（苏州中学）
主 审： 孙德霖（苏州中学）
【教学内容与教学要求】
教学内容：
牛津高中英语模块二Unit 1（下）
二、教学要求：
1．学会制作问卷调查表。
2．交际英语：问候和介绍。
3．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的难点。
【知识重点与学习难点】
重要单词：
survey, rate(v), questionnaire, construct, ensure, confusion, ignore, precise, specify, specific, reference, draft, inappropriate, humour, discount, apply, application, applicant, issue, interviewee, interviewer, revised, statistics, analyze, recommend, major, possibility, finding, horror, Himalayas, description, attach, fur, hairy, imaginative, illustrate, source, organize, represent, event, entire.
二、重点词组：
conduct a survey进行民意调查, a list of一列、一栏, rules for适用于…的规则, one at a time每次一个, state one’s opinions on发表对….的看法, point out指出, leave….empty留下空白, in a … manner以…的方式, in return作为回报, job interview求职面试, intend to打算, make recommendations推荐, draw conclusions得出结论, run after追赶, become convinced确信, see….with one’s own eyes亲眼看见, give sb an idea of使某人对某事有所了解, hard evidence确切的证据.
三、【语法】
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的难点
现在完成时的时间状语。
表示“以完成”用法，可以不用时间状语，也可以和一下几种时间状语连用：
1）表示不确定的时间状语，如 already, yet, before, recently, lately等。例如：
Have you found your wallet yet?
We have already read the book on UFO.
We haven’t been in town lately.
It has rained quite recently.
2) 表示频度的时间状语，如 often, sometimes, rarely, ever, never, once, twice, many times 等。例如：
I have sometimes had letters from her.
I’ve never heard them say so.
He has used the cards only twice, they are still quite new.
在与since引导的时间状语从句连用时，主句有时可以用一般现在时。例如：
I feel much better since I took the pills.
It is dull here since you left.
3)表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语，如 now, today, this morning, this year, just等。例如：
Man has now learnt how to release energy from atoms.
I’ve just seen your parents.
We have had too much rain this year.
2. 表示“未完成”用法，表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束，可以和以下几种时间状语连用：
for后面加一段时间，如for a year, for a whole week 等。“all+时间”表示一段时间，前面可以不用all。如all day, all year.
介词或连词since 后面加时间的起点。例如：
I haven’t seen him since last week.
I met him last week and haven’t seen him since.
Great change has taken place since you left here.
He has written to me often since I fell ill.
3)其他表示包括现在在内的一段时间的状语，如until(till, up to) now, so far, in(for) the last few years, these days, always, 等。例如：
I have always wanted to have a car like this.
He has been in prison these ten years.
No hard evidence for the existence of Yetis has been found so far.
Where have you been all this while?
现在完成进行时的用法要点
一般只适用于动作动词， 所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。例如：
I have been writing this article for 3 hours.
She has been talking about her new dress since breakfast.
Have you two been fighting while I was away?
如果强调刚刚结束，可以加just。例如：
I’ve just been waving good-bye to them.
We have just been talking about you.
2. 用How long…?询问目前正在进行的动作的时间长度，习惯上多用现在完成进行时。例如：
How long have you been waiting?
How long has she been learning English?
3. 一些状态动词用作动作动词时，也能用现在完成进行时。例如：
There is something I’ve been meaning to tell you.(有件事情我一直想告诉你)。
You have been seeing her all along (你一直跟她来往)。
四、【交际英语】
问候和介绍
1.介绍：
May I introduce myself?
Allow me to introduce myself, my name is Peter.
Mr. Lee, let me introduce Mr. Lin.
I want you to meet my friend, Ed.
This is my buddy, John.
初次见面：
How do you do?
I’m pleased to meet you.
I’m happy to make your acquaintance.
I’m very glad to have the opportunity of meeting you.
I’ve been looking forward to meeting you.
Tom has told me a lot about you.
问候朋友、熟人：
How are you today?
How are you getting on?
How’s everything?
How are you doing?
Haven’t seen you for ages.
Long time no see.
It’s been ages since we last met.
【难点讲解】
These rules are to ensure that the questions and statements do not cause any confusion.
这些规则是为了保证问卷中的问题和陈述不会引起混淆。
Be动词加不定式表示“是为了、将要、应该”等意思。例如：
You are to carry out his order to the word.你应该严格执行他的命令。
The president is to make an important speech.总统将发表重要讲话。
These exercises are to prepare you for the final test.这些练习是为了期末考试做准备的。
en是一个很活跃的词缀，可以加在名词、形容词之前或之后，构成动词。例如：
large-enlarge(扩大), wide-widen(拓宽), strength-strengthen(加强), courage-encourage（鼓励），joy-enjoy
special/ specific
special： 特别的、专用的，格外的，特设的；specific详细而精确的、明确的，特定用途的。例如:
He did it as a special favour for her.
What is your special interest?
He has a special seat in the library.
Hongkong is a special administrative region in China.
You have to give specific reason if you want turn down his invitation.
The money will be used for a specific purpose.
proper/ appropriate
proper: 正当的、正确的、适当的、符合风俗习惯或道德规范的、严格意义上的。
例如：It’s not a proper time for drinking.
You have to speak to her in a proper way.
the books proper to this subject(专属的)
That’s not a proper thing to do in the classroom.
Proper 表示“严格意义上的、真正的”意思时用在所修饰的名词后面。如city proper
Appropriate：恰当的、得体的(主要指言行，穿着打扮等符合风俗习惯或道德规范)
Yetis are said to be heavily built and hairy.
据说.(西藏高原的)雪人体格健壮、多毛。
Be said to be 据说是。如He is said to be the second son of a millionaire.
heavily built体格健壮的。这是一个由副词＋过去分词构成的结构，具有形容词的性质，类似的还有heavily guarded(戒备森严的)， easily hurt(易受伤害的)， far reached(意义深远的)等。
The engineers ran after the creature, which ran with amazing speed and strength.
工程师们追赶野人，而野人以惊人的速度和体力逃走。
Run after追赶,不强调动作时也可以用be after。例如：
Who is person that you are after?
单独表示“以…速度”时，要用介词at, 如at top speed, at a speed of 75mph。但和其他名词一起使用时，介词则视上下文而定。
It could have made its way to other parts of the word and live on until today.
野人后来可能迁徙到世界其他地方并存活至今。
Make one’s way to来到，近意词组是find one’s way to.例如：
How my wine found its way to your table is a mystery to me.
He made his way through the crowd to the front.
The group should discuss the information found, and decide what to include in the story and what to leave out.
各组应讨论找到的信息并决定在故事里包括什么、舍弃什么。
过去分词found后置作定语，修饰information,去作用相当于定语从句which were found。注意，过去分词前置和后置有时意思不一样。例如：
All parties concerned are present.(相关各方都到了)
There is a concerned look on his face.(他脸上露出关切的表情)
【同步练习】
单项选择
1. . ＿＿＿＿＿you've got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C. Although D. AS soon as
2. I drove to Shanghai for the air show last week.－－Is that ＿＿＿＿＿ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where
3. Robert is said_______ abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C．to be studying D．to have been studying
4. －－Do you think the Pacers will beat the Rocket?－－Yes. They have better players, so I＿＿＿＿＿them to win.A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want
5.It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___________if you don't speak the language.A．specifically B．particularly C．basically D．especially
6. It is the ability to do the job _______matters.A．one B．that C．what D．it
7. My sister met him at the theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _______your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
8..He sent me an e-mail, ____to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
9. The ______boy was last seen _____near the West Lake.
A .missing…playing B. missing… play
C. missed…played D. missed…to play
10. Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
瞋____
A. I’d rather you didn’t. B. Of course not, it's not allowed here
C．Great! I love pets. D. No , you can’t.
11._______ he has done very well at school.A. So that B. By far C. So far D. Such far
12. I was very nervous sitting on the plane. I _______ before.A. had never flown B. has been flying C. didn't fly D. wasn't flying
13. He suggested that I _____ to hospital for a medical exam, so I considered _____ to see a doctor.A. should go, to go B. go, going C. went, going D. to go, go
14. “Back Street Boy” is very popular among young people. Haven't you _______ it?A. heard of B. heard C. heard from D. listened
15. The fish we caught yesterday soon _____ bad in hot weather.
A. got B. became C. turn D. went
二、用下列单词或词组的适当形式填空：
possible, confuse, discount, horror, humour, represent, draw conclusions, leave….empty, imaginative, apply
People who applied for the job are called _________.
You can buy this mystery books at lower prices in a _____ store.
The unclear instructions caused ________ among the students.
We had a good laugh over his ________ performance.
Is there any ________ of your getting to London this week?
His _____ were ______ after careful analysis of the statistics.
A lot of space is ______ ______ in his water -and- ink painting to create a sense of vastness(广阔)
You have to have a good _______ to be a writer of science fiction.
___________ from every state have gathered in the capital for the assembly.
Yetis and aliens are often seen in _______ movies.
三、完形填空
In the summer of 1977, two Voyager spaceships were 1 two weeks apart. 2 are now leaving the solar 3 . However, they continue 4 history. In January, the NASA (美国国家航空和宇宙航行局)Voyager team observed an anniversary of ten thousand days since the launch of the two spaceships.
NASA scientists say both spacecraft are working and returning 5 information. Both spacecraft are 6 to continue to work and send information back to Earth 7 at least 2020.
NASA scientists say the Voyagers have sent back new information about the effects of the Sun in distant space. These 8 effects 9 by the movement of atoms through space called solar winds.
Explosions(.爆炸) on the surface of the Sun cause solar winds. These explosions release huge 10 of gas into space. An example of information 11 back by the Voyager spacecraft includes observations of a huge explosion that took place in April, 2003. The 12 of that explosion reached Voyager Two in April, 2004.
Two members of this team have worked 13 the program since the launch of the Voyagers. Several college students 14 with the program had not yet been born when the two spacecraft were launched.
During their flight through space, Voyager One and Two have just flew past Jupiter and Saturn. They will provide information that can greatly expand our knowledge of those planets. Since that time scientists 15 for better pictures of the planets’ unusual surface.
1.A. flied B. started C. launched D. fired
2.A. Either B. Both C. Each D. Every
3.A. organization B. project C. world D. system
4.A. to make B. making C. make D. to be made
5.A.worthy B. valuable C. expensive D. dear
6.A.expected B. supposed C. hoped D. waited
7.A.by B. since C. before D. until
8.A.contained B. had C. included D. consisted of
9.A. made B. introduced C. achieved D. caused
10.A. piece B. amount C. deal D. number
11.A.send B. have sent C. sending D. sent
12.A.effects B. affects C. affection D. influence
13.A.at B. for C. in D. on
14.A. work B. working C. worked D. to work
15.A.have waited B. had waited C. will wait D. have been waiting
【参考答案】
一、AAACD, BABAA,CABAD
二、1.applicants 2.discount 3.confusion 4.humourous 5.possibility 6.conclusions, drawn 7.left empty 8imagination 9. Representatives 10. horror
三、CBDAB, ADCDB,DADBD