人教版 高三 复习教案第一册Unit 13-14

发布时间:2016-9-22编辑:互联网

高三英语复习教案(7)

(SB I-Units 13-14)

一、单元考点提示

1、单词

A as,at/in/on,like,president,news,death,consider

B tired,well,consider,suggest,need,worry,stop,interest,

不定代词的修饰语

2、短语

A fight against,used to,no more than,become interested in,be against,set up,of one’s own,be free to do sth.,break away from,break out,join up,call for,for the second time

B get along/get along with,be kind to,make fun of,anything else,tell a lie,at all,形容词比较级表示最高级含义

3、句型结构

1.so+adj.(adv.)

2.so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词

3.so+adj.(少数表示量的形容词)+可数名词复数(或不可数名词)

4.spend time/money on sth.

5.spend time in doing sth.

6.seem为连系动词,其基本句型和用法

二、考点精析与拓展

I.单词和词组

1、break 小结

break 一词常用搭配有:

(1)break out(战争、火灾、争吵、瘟疫等)爆发

A big fire broke out in the city last week.

(2)break away from 脱离

A carriage(车厢)broke away from the train.

(3)break the law 违反法律

Who breaks the law will be punished by the law.

(4)break in 破门而入;打断

He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about.

(5)break down 损坏;中断

Her fridge has broken down for a long time.

(6)break off 打断;结束;暂停

They were arguing(争论)but broke off when someone came into the room.

(7)break into闯入;侵入

Thieves broke into my house when I was out.

2.consider用法小结

consider是个很常用的动词,其意义不同,句型结构也不同。我们在学习中要特别注意。

(1)作“仔细考虑、深思熟虑”解,consider可作不及物动词或及物动词。

作及动词时,后可接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,不能接动词不定式,但可以接疑问词+不定式,相当于宾语从句。例如:

Consider carefully before you decide.

你要慎重考虑后再做决定。

They considered your suggestion.他们仔细考虑了你的建议。

He is considering studying abroad.他在考虑出国留学。

We are considering how to help them.我们在考虑如何帮助他们。

(2)作“将……视为、认为、以为”解。

①可用consider+名词+(to be)名词(形容词)或consider+名词+as+名词(形容词)结构,但当不定式为行为动词时,不能省略,不可用于进行时。这样用时相当于that引导宾语从句。例如:

He considers himself(to be)clever(=as clever).=He considers that he is clever.他认为自己很聪明。

I consider him(to be)my closest friend(as my closest friend).=I consider(that)he is my closest friend.我把他视为我最亲密的朋友。

He is considered to have invented the first computer.他被认为是最早发明计算机的人。

②还可用于consider+it(形式宾语)+形容词+不定式结构。例如:

I consider it wrong for students to smoke.我认为学生抽烟是不对的。

3.fight against;fight for

fight with,fight against意为“为反对……而战、与……作斗争”,against 后面接的是反对的对象,如:

They are fighting against their enemy.他们在与敌人作战。

Political leaders fought against slavery.政治领导们为了反对奴隶制度而斗争。

fight for 意为“为争取……而斗争、因为……而打架”。如:

Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.两只狗为抢一块骨头而打架,另一只狗把骨头叼走了。

fight with意为“同……(一起并肩)作战、与……作战”,它含有两重意思,试比较:

They fought with the Italian in the last war.他们在最后的这次战争中是与意大利人作战。

They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次战争中,他们和意大利联合作战反对法国。

4.no more than;not more than;no more...than;not more...than

no more than 意为“仅仅、只不过”,相当于only。它与数字连用时,意为“仅仅至多”,强调“少”,带有说话者的感情色彩。如:

I am no more than a teacher.我只是个教师而已。

There were no more than two hospitals in this city before liberation.解放前,这座城市里只有两家医院(表示很少)

not more than 后面接数词时,表示“不超过、最多”的意思。用来说明情况,并含有“少”之意,也不带有说话者的主观色彩。如:

There are not more than ten minutes left.最多只剩下10分钟了。(表示客观事实)

“no more+形容词(副词)原级+than”意为“两者同样不”,前面和后面同时否定,带有感情色彩。如:

This tool is no more useful than that one.

这件工具与那件工具一样没有用。(两者都没有用)

“not more+形容词(副词)原级+than”意为“A不比B更……”。这是比较级的正规用法,表示比较的事实,两者都肯定。如:

This tool is not more useful than one.这样工具不及那件工具有用。(两者都有用)

5.shoot sb./sth;shoot at sb./sth.

在shoot sb./sth.中,shoot为及物动词,除了shoot the arrow(射箭)外,其宾语多为射击的对象,即人或动物等。Shoot意为“打中、打死、枪决”。而在shoot at sb./sth.中,shoot为不及物动词,at表示动作的方向或目标,打中与否不得而知。试比较:

He shoot the bear.他打中了那只熊。

He shoot at the bear.他朝那只熊射击。

6. finally at last, in the end.

三者均有“最后、终于”的含义。

finally常用于动词之前,表示人们长期以来期待的某事最后实现了,也可指一系列事物或论点的顺序。例如:

After putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.经过三次延期之后,我们终于在希腊度了一次假。

They talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他们谈论了几个小时,最后决定不去。

at last 有时可与finally互换,但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后,语气更强烈。例如:

When at last they found him, he was almost dead.当人们最终找到他时,他已经奄奄一息了。

James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯终于通过了考试。

in the end指经过许多变化、困难的捉摸不定的情况之后,某事才发生。例如:

We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我们制订了五种不同的度假方案,但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。

7.used to ;would; be used to

(1)used to 表示“过去惯常”,但“现在不做了”,指过去的习惯或状态,to 为不定式符号,后跟动词原形。有两点须注意:

①否定式。used to do sth.的否定式有两种形式:

used not (usedn’t)to do sth.

didn’t use to do sth.例如:

He didn’t use to (usedn’t to)like country music,but now

he is getting interested.

②疑问式。used to do sth.的疑问式也有两种形式。其简短回答中的to通常不予省略,但动词原形常被省略。

Did + sb.(主语)+ use to do sth.?

Used + sb.(主语)+ to do sth.?

Did he use to play basketball?

Used he to play basketball?

(2)would(可以)是will的过去式,也可表示习惯动作。

①would用于过去将来时。

过去将来时的基本形式是:would+动词原形,在英国英语中,主语是第一人称时,would可换做should,第二、三人称用would。

I thought I would make lots of new friends.我曾认为我会交上许多新朋友。

②would表示过去习惯的动作。

“would + 动词原形”表示过去的习惯动作,与used to 同义,但与used to 有别。Used to do表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,同时隐含有“现在已经有所改变”的意思,而“would+do sth.” 可以用来表示“过去经常发生”,但不表示“过去存在的状态”。

She used to say“No pains,no gains”。

她过去常说:“不劳而获”。(used to可以换为would)

I used to live in the countryside.我过去住在农村。(此句的used to不可用would换用)

(3)be used to具有双重含义:

①be used to是use sth.to do sth的被动形式,意为“被用来干某事”,to为不定式符号。例如:Rice may be used to make wine.

②be used to表示“习惯于……,”be可以换为get或become,表示“开始、变得习惯于……”,to 为介词,其后接名词、代词或动词作宾语。例如:

I’m used to English food.

8.pattern;model;example

pattern“型、式样、图样”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心设计出的图样或模型,也可指榜样。如:

Can you use the sentence pattern?他会用这个句型吗?

She is a pattern for us.她是我们学习的典范。

model“模型、模范”,指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。如:

Have you seen his model ship?你看见过他的船模吗?

example “例子、榜样”,主要指人及其行为和活动被他人信效。如:

Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。

9.Recently;lately

两者均可表示“近来、最近”,但用法不同。

recently 是书面语,常被quite,just,but, very,only等词所修饰,以加强语气。主要用于肯定句中。如:

He’s only recently begun billogy. 他只是最近才开始学生物。

I didn’t know it until quite recently.我一直到最近才知道。

Lately常用于口语,指与现在有联系的一段时间,常见于否定句或疑问句中。如:

I haven’t seen him lately.我近来没有看到他。

10.reply;answer

reply和answer均可解作“回答、答道”,但用法有别。reply用做不及物动词时,可用reply to sb./sth.;作及物动词后跟直接引语或宾语从句,但不能直接跟人或物作宾语。如:

Please reply to my question.请回答我的问题。

He replied that he knew the news.他回答说他知道这消息。

answer 用作及物动词,可直接跟名词或代词作宾语,而reply应加to才可接名词或代词。如:

He answered the examination paper quite well.他考卷答得很好。

fail to reply to a question/letter未能回答问题/回信

11.because;because of

二者均表示“因为”,区别是:

because是从属连词引导原因状语从句;而because of是一个合成介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句组成介词短语。如:

I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。

Her face turned red because of what he said.他的话使她脸红了。

12.suggest+宾语从句

suggest 在此意为“建议”,后面的宾语从句的谓语用了虚拟语气,其结构是:should do或do,否定形式为:should not do或not do.如:

I suggested that LiMing (should)be sent to the south.

我建议把李明派往南方。

I suggested that he (should)not do it today.我建议他今天先不要做。

suggest只有作“建议”解时,后面才可以跟“should(not)+动词原形”的形式,当suggest作“表明”解时不可以用此结构。如:

His smile suggested that he was quite satisfied with our work.他的微笑表示他对我们的工作很满意。

同时,即使是suggest作“建议”解,在现代英语中,谓语也可以用其他形式。

I suggest that you don’t ask him home for the vacation.我建议你假期不要邀他回家去。(句中用don’t ask,而没有用should not ask或not ask)

I suggest that Robert might go to Beijing and have a talk with Mr Wu.我建议罗伯特去北京同吴先生谈一谈。(句中用might go而没有用should go 或go)

13.like 用法小结

(1)like 用做动词(及物)通常表示一般的“喜欢”,为口语用词,词意没有love感情强烈,反义词为hate。

①like + n.(pron.)

Does Li Ming like bananas?李明喜欢吃香蕉吗?

Do you like it?你喜欢它吗?

②like + v.-ing(动名词)

Do you like working in China?你喜欢在中国工作吗?

③like + to + v.(不定式)

I like to keep busy.我喜欢生活得紧张。

④would like(=would love)后接名词、代词或不定式,多用于有礼貌地提出要求,意为“想要、愿意”。

Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗?

I’d like two sweaters for my daughter.我要给我女儿买两件运动衫。

Would you like to come?你愿意来吗?

⑤How do you like...?(=What do you think of...?)此句型用于询问对方对某人(物)的看法,意为“你觉得 ……怎么样?”

How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?

(2)like 用做介词,意为“像……一样”,反义词为unlike。

 ①like 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

Don’t throw it like that .别那样扔它。

They’re round,like the moon.它们是圆的,像月亮一样。

Walking on the moon is just like flying .在月球上行走就像飞一样。

②look like意为“看起来像……一样”。

It looks like a chicken.它看起来像一只鸡。

③feel like+v-ing意为“想……”。

I had a little,but I don’t feel like eating.我吃了一点,可我不想吃。

④What’s the weather like...?(=How’s the weather like...?)此句型用来询问天气情况,意为“……天气怎么样?”。

What’s the weather like in Australia now?现在澳大利亚天气情况怎么样?

II 句型

1.As a child….:As/When he was a child…,小的时候,该句型中的as为连词,意为“在……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。当从句与主句主语一致,且从句谓语为be时,可将从句主语及be省略。

①Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上学的时候,史密斯教授对数学就很感兴趣。

②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小时候,他就喜欢和大人们打乒乓球。

2.do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.尽某人的所能做某事

all 后面为that 所引导的定语从句,that在从句中作宾语已被省略;can后面为避免重复省略了do;后面的to do sth.为不定式(短语)作目的状语。all(that)sb.can(do)相当于宾语从句what sb.can(do)。

①I’ll do all I can to help you.我将尽力帮助你。

②He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他尽了最大努力来提高英语口语水平。

3.no more than:only仅仅;只有。具有感情色彩,强调“少”。与no less than 相对。

Not more than:less than;at most不到;至多。说明客观事实。与not less than相对。

①He has no more than 20 yuan.他只有20元钱。(强调钱“少”)

He has not more than 20 yuan.他有不到20元钱。(说明客观事实)

②No less than 50 people attended the meeting.参加会议的人不少于50多个。(强调“多”)

Not less than 50 people attended the meeting.参加会议的有50多人。(说明客观事实)

注意:no用于比较级之前总含有感情色彩;not用来否定比较级则只说明客观事实。

①you are no taller than I.你并不比我高。(我们两人都矮)

you are not taller than I.你不如我高。

②This question is no more diffcult than that one.这个问题并水比那个(容易的)问题难。

This question is not more diffcult than that one.这个问题不如那个问题难。

4.In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected president….1860年林肯被选为总统。

president/chairman/head/captain/director/mornitor等表示头衔、职位的名词,在用作同位语、补语或表语时,前面通常不加冠词。

5.suggest vt.建议;提议。有三种常用句式(但不能说suggest sb.to do sth.)。

(1)suggest sth.

①Who suggested the plan?谁提出的这项计划?

②She suggested Shanghai for their meeting.他提议在上海会面。

(2)suggest doing sth.(不能接不定式)

①He suggested going for a swim in the river after lunch.他提议午饭后去河里游泳。

②I suggest talking with him as soon as possible.我建议尽快和他谈。

(3)suggest than……此时的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+原形”,should可以省略。

①I suggested (that)Jane(should)start at once.我建议简马上出发。

②I suggested Jack not wear the sweater.我建议杰克不要穿背心。

③We suggested he be punished.我们提议惩罚他。

注意:suggest当“表明;暗示”讲时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

①The smile on her face suggested she was very happy.脸上的微笑说明她很高兴。

②His silence suggested that he didn’t agree with us.沉默不语表明他不同意我们的意见。

6.向别人提建议时常用的句型。

①Why don’t you do sth.……?你怎不……?

②Why not do sth.?(上句的省略)为什么不……?

③You’d better do sth.你最好是……。

例如:

①Why don’t you ask them to help you?你怎么不叫他们帮助你呢?

②Why not/don’t you go for a walk with them?为什么不和他们一块去散步呢?

③You’d better go to see a doctor this afternoon.你最好下午去看医生。

7.What do you think I should do?你认为我该怎么办?

其中的do you think看作插入语,相当于what should I do,do you think?

①I think Tom is the best student in our class.我认为汤姆是我们班最好的学生。划线Tom 提问则得:Who do you think is the best student in our class?你认为谁是我们最好的学生?

(不能说:Do you think who is the best student in our class?)

②What do you think is going to happen next?你认为下一步要发生什么事。

③Which way do you think is better?你认为哪个方法较好呢?

三、经典名题导解

题1(上海 2000)

-Excuse me,may I ask you some questions?

-Sorry.I’m too busy and haven’t even a minute to______.

A.spend B.spare C.share D.stop

分析:B。spare为“抽出时间”的意思,其他词意均不符合本题。

题2(NMET 1993)

Charles Babbage is generally considered_______ the first computer.

A.to invent B.inventing

C.to have invented D.having invented

分析:C。is considered to(=is thought to...)被认为……,句中的consider不作“考虑”讲,所以排除B,D两选项。Invent的动作发生在过去,即is considered之前,所以应用完成时。

题3(NMET 2000)

It was an exciting moment for these tooball fans this year,______for the first time in years their team won the world cup.

A.that B.while C.which D.when

分析:D。分析该题句子结构可以看到前后句意完整,而后句意为“数年里是今年头次赢得世界杯”。this year在后句中作状语,所有应选择表时间的关系副词when。

题4(上海 2000)

Our English teacher______our buying a good English-Chinese dictionary.

A.asked B.ordered C.suggested D.required

分析:C。ask,order,require后面接不定式,suggest后面接动名词。

题5 (NMET 2002)

It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.

A.it what to do with B.what to do it with

C.what to do with it D.to do what with it

分析:C。该题考查“疑问句+不定式”短语用法,动词短语do with,多与what连用构成特殊疑问,What do you do with it?其中it作介词with的宾语,do也是一个及物动词,它的宾语就是疑问词what引导的从句。在本题是what to do with it 作knows的宾语。

题6 (NMET 1997)

-Alice ,why didn’t you come yesterday?

-I_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.

A.had B.would C.was going to D.did

分析:C。从四个选项看,A项不符合语法逻辑。D项不符合逻辑。B项后加have,表示与过去事实相反的虚拟,则是对的。