高中英语应试辅导篇：说长道短话省略
同学们,你们知道英语中关于"省略"的语法现象吗?在日常生活中,只要不产生歧义,人们往往为避免重复而习惯于应用省略的手段,使得语言简洁、明快.当然,省略的情况五花八门,只有对其常见现象做到心中有数,这样才能有的放矢,应对自如.本文将从省略的三个方面予以剖析,以帮助同学们提高做这类题的应变能力。让我们--
一、单词省略
1.不定式符号to的省略
①四看(see watch, notice, look at),二听(hear, listen to),一感觉(feel),以及let, make, help,还有have之后的作宾补的不定式,但其被动语态中的to不能省略.例如:
Though he had made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
②词组do nothing but...,can't help but...,prefer to do sth. rather than do sth...., would do sth. rather than...,why not....等不定式中的to.例如:
Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
注意:在下面四种情形下,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to.
①作hope, wish, like, want, expect, decide, mean, intend, refuse, try, need等宾语的不定式.例如:
-Will the Browns go abroad this summer?
-No. They finally decided .
A. to B. not to C. not going D. not go
②作tell, ask, want, expect, warn等宾语补足语的不定式.例如:
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him ______ .
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do
③在某些形容词,如:happy, glad, ready, anxious, eager, willing等后作状语的不定式.例如:
-I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
-Not at all, ______ .
A. I've no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like D. I'd be happy to
④在某些结构,如:be able to, be going to be about to, ought to, have to ,used to等后作复合谓语的不定式.例如:
-Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
-I ______ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
2.表虚拟的名词性从句中should的省略
①一坚持(insist),二命令(order, command),三建议(suggest, propose, advise ),四要求(demand, require, request, ask)后的主语、宾语从句中.例如:
Jane's pale face suggested that she
ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was;has
②一个主意(idea),一个计划(plan),一个命令(order),三个建议(suggest, proposal, advice)等后的表语、同位语从句中.例如:
The suggestion has been made that the football game ______ put off.
A. should B. will be C. be D. has been
③It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中.例如:
It is necessary that the problem ______ at once.
A. solves B. should solve C. will be solved D. be solved
3.虚拟条件句中,含助动词,情态动词,动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则须省略if。例如:
______ it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
4.连词的省略
①引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略.例如:
He said (that)he had come here an hour before and that he had lived in a hotel.
②在定语从句中作宾语,且其前没有介词的关系代词,或先行词为way或time等时,常省略关系代词.例如:
Do you still remember the name of the company ______ we visited last month?
A. whose B. as C.\ D. where
I don't like ______ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
二、成分省略
1.在选择疑问句、反意疑问句及一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的答语中,通常都承前将重复的成分省略。例如:
-He hasn't ever been to Dalian, has he(ever been to Dalian)?
-No, he hasn't(been to Dalian).
Do you like studying Chinese or(do you like studying)English?
2.在时间、条件、地点、让步、方式等状语从句中,若谓语为be,主语同主句主语一致或主语为it时,常省略主、谓语.需要注意的是,谓语为实意动词时,若其与省略的主语间为主谓关系时,则用现在分词;若为动宾关系,则用过去分词。例如:
Please send for a doctor as soon as(it is)possible.
If ______ the same treatment again, he's sure to get well.
A. give B. giving C. given D. being given
三、替代省略
1.think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,hope等与so连用,替代肯定的宾语从句;与not连用,替代否定的宾语从句。例如:
-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
- ______ .
A.I don't believe B.I don't believe it C.I believe not to D.I believe not
2."So / Nor(Neither)+谓语+主语"这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况,表明它也适用于后者。例如:
-I don't think I can walk any further.
- ______ . Let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C.I don't think so D.I think so