高二同步辅导资料 Unit One Making a difference
一、要点补充
1. within prep. 在……范围以内 adv. 在里面；在内心
eg: I shall be back within half an hour.
Stay within hearing distance of the house.
It wasn’t within my power to help her.
Outwardly, he repented, but within, he felt no remorse.
练习：Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table___ reach of little children.
A. into B.wihout C. within D. with
1．Stay within hearing distance of the house．(英译汉)
2．They finally came within sight of the shore．(英译汉)
2. curious adj.好奇的；好求知的 curiously adv．好奇地，奇怪地
eg：be curious about sth．对某事感兴趣，好奇
be curious to do sth.
be curious +从句
他很想知道会发生什事。He was curious __________________________________
我很想知道她为什么上学迟到。I am curious _________________________________．
他们好奇地看着她 They looked at her __________．
说也奇怪，他并不喜欢音乐。_____________，he didn't like music．
3. branch (1)n．①树枝
他爬上树藏在树枝后面。He climbed up the tree and hid __________________．
②(河流、公路、铁路或山脉的)分支，支线，支流
eg：a branch of the Rhine莱茵河的支流
③ (属于某大公司或机构的)地方办事处或分店
eg： The bank has _________ in all parts of the country．
该银行在全国各地设有分行。
4．Promise n.&v. (1) n. ①[C]承诺，诺言，契约
eg：He ___________________ of helping me．他答应要帮助我。
Don't _________________ to keep the secret for me．不要忘记替我保守秘密的诺言。
【拓展】 give／make a promise许诺
keep a promise遵守诺言
break a promise违背诺言
eg：He made／gave a promise _____________________________．他许诺他会给我买份礼物。
Everyone should _____________________．人人都要守信。
Don't make friends with one who always _____________________．
②[U]指望，希望，前途eg：
He is an engineer __________________．他是有希望(前途)的工程师。
(2 ) v. ①有……的希望，恐怕(可能)会
eg：She promises __________________．她渴望做个好太太。
警示】promising adj. 有希望、有前途的、前途光明的
eg：a promising actress 有前途的女演员
The weather is promising．天气可望好转。
②允诺，答应
that从句
promise sth.
sb. to do sth.
eg：They promised(us)______________________________．他们答应会尊重我们的决定。
Promise(me)never _____________________． 答应(我)绝不再麻烦我。
5． turn out 结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是)；后常接“(to be)+adj./n.”，
eg：If the day ___________________，we may have to change our plans．
万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。
那个晚上结果是寒冷且下雨。_______________________________________
那谣言后来证明是真的。The rumor turned out______________________．
【警示】可构成句型：It turns out that…“结果是……；后来证实……”。
eg：结果是她根本没结过婚。It turns out ____________________________________．
后来证实有两位旅客丧生。It turned out ________________________________．
【拓展】
(1)turn into把……变成 (2)turn back往回走、折回
(3)turn down调低、关小、拒绝 (4)turn in交还、上缴
(5)turn off关掉 (6)turn on打开
(7)turn over翻转 (8)turn to翻到、转向……，求助
(9)turn up出现、到达
练习：We can go outing tomorrow．The weather will_____ fine．
A．turned up B．turned out C．turned over D．turned down
6. patient adj. 有耐心的，能容忍的 n. 病人
patience n. 耐心、耐性、忍耐力
eg：You should be more __________ others．你应该多容忍他人一些。
The hospital has a lot of __________．那家医院患者很多。
This kind of work requires much _________．这种工作需要很大的耐心。
【拓展】lose／run out of one's patience 失去耐心
7． what if (1) 如果……怎么办，即使……又有什么关系
eg：_________________________________? 如果他们不来怎么办?
______________________________? 即使他生气又有什么关系?
________________________________? 如果他们是贼的话怎么办?
__________________________________?倘使她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办?
____________________________________？万一我们失败了，怎么办?
_____________________________________? 暴风雨要是来了怎么办?
【拓展】(1)What is called所谓 (2)What about……怎么样 (3)What's more而且
8. Imagination is more important than knowledge．想像力比知识更重要。
(1)在这个句子中，我们应注意more…than．．．的正确理解，汉语意思为“比……更……”。
eg： He works ___________________ than he used to．他的工作比过去做得更好。
Some students think chemistry is_____________________ physics．
有些学生认为化学比物理更有意思。
(2)另外more…than…还可译作“与其……倒不如……”
eg：The child was ______________________________________．
这孩子的伤倒不算什么，只是受惊不小。
The book seems to be _____________________________．
这本书看来与其说是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本词典。
二、语法要点 不定式的用法
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成其否定形式是"not to do”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，
没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
to do 一般式
不定式的主动式有 to have done 完成式 被动式最常用的是 to be done。
to be doing 进行式
不定式的用法主要有：主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语,但不能作谓语。
1. 作主语：不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
例：To see is to believe．
It is right to give up smoking．
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
It is important for us to learn English well.
It is kind of you to help me so much.
注意：
要想说明不定式的动作是由谁发出，可在不定式前加for sb.；但如果是形容词careless, clever, foolish, good, impolite, kind, nice, silly, stupid 等作表语时用of sb.
2.作宾语：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。
eg：I find it interesting to work with him．
Most of them don't know how to solve the problem.
You can decide whether to stay at home or play football.
注意：有些动词后如：know, decide, find out, show, learn, teach, tell, wonder 常用 动词+疑问词+不定式 的形式。
3.作定语: 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
eg：I have some books for you to read．
注意：(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式
动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
eg：He is looking for a room to live in．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
(1) Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?
(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)
②Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
4.作状语: 表示目的、原因、结果
eg：I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school only to find nobody there．
5.作宾语补足语
eg：He asked me to do the work with him．
(1)在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，
make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。
eg: I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song．
(2)动词不定式在介词but，except，besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
eg：She could do nothing but cry．
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go．
6.作表语 eg：My job is to help the patient．
例题解析
1. She can’t help _______the house because she’s busy making a cake．
A．to clean B．cleaning c．cleaned D．being cleaned (上海高考题)
2. When I handed the report to John，he said that George was the person______．
A．to send B．for sending C．to send it to D．for sending it to
3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_____ it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make C．not making D．do not make(全国高考题)
4. Wang Tao was made_______ the dishes for a week as a punishment．
A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing
5. The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to________.
A．sit B．sit on C．be sat D．be sat on (全国高考题)
6. --The light in the office is still on．-- 0h，I forgot_______．
A．turning it off B．turn it off C．to turn it off D．having turned it off (全国高考题)
7. 一You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．一 Well, now I regret_________ that．
A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done
8. 一 I usually go there by train．一 Why not______ by boat for a change?
A. to going B．trying to go ‘c. to try and go D．try going (全国高考题)
9.In some parts of London，missing a bus means______ for another hour．
A．waiting B．to wait C．wait D．to be waiting
10. We agreed______ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met (全国高考题)
11. Little Jim should 1ove________to the theatre this evening．
A．to be taken B．to take C．being taken D. taking (全国高考题)
12. He gave me this strange object for my birthday and I don't know_______.
A．it what to do with B．what to do it with C．what to do with it D．to do what with it
13. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_______ in making the earth a better place to live．
A．to have played B．to play C．to be played D．to be playing
14. ________your spoken English，you must do more practice．
A．Improving B．To improve C．Improved D．To have improved
15. The girl pretended________ when her father came back．
A．to sleep B．to be slept c．to asleep D．to be asleep
16. It’s careless________ the same mistake in your composition．
A．for you to make B．for you making C．of you to make D．of you making
17. At first I had some trouble with my car but finally I managed________．
A．to get starting it B．it to get started C．to get it started D．getting it started
18. Li Ming is always the first ______to school and the last________.
A．of coming；of 1eaving B．comes；leaves C．to come；to leave D．coming；1eaving
19. Tom kept silent about the accident________ 1ose his job．
A．So not as to B．so as not to C．So as to not D．not so as to
20. All she could do was________ back home and________ her stepmother．
A．going；faced B．go；face C．went；faced D．going；face
21. Tom ought not to________ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A．have to1d B．tell C．be telling D．having told
21. Rather than _____ on a crowded bus，he always prefers______ a bicycle.
A．ride；ride B．riding；ride C．ride；to ride D．to ride；riding
22. The boy doesn’ t have to be made_______．He always works hard．
A．1earn B．to 1earn c．1earned D．1earning
Exercises
一、单项填空
1. The actress who had been thought highly of _____ to be a great disappointment.
A. turned down B. turned in
C. turned out D. turned up
2. I've visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them ______ this one.
A. makes B. beats C. compares D. matches
3. This is a disease that can result in total blindness _____ left untreated.
A. after B. if C. since D. unless
4. It is impossible for anyone _____ these photographs before, because Mr. Newman had them developed today.
A. saw B. to have seen
C. to see D. seeing
5. It would be worth trying _____ you should not get immediate success.
A. unless B. whether
C. as if D. even though
6. --Is it my age _____the boss minds?
--I'm afraid not. He will consider_______ necessary to have
an experienced assistant.
A. which ;it B. that ;it C. which; that D. that; that
7. He got to the station only _____ the train had gone.
A. and told B. telling C. told D. to be told
8. For some time _____, they foretold that with the increased production ________ possible by new technology, cars would become much cheaper.
A. coming; made B. coming; making it
C. to come ; made D. to come; was made
9. The market for used computers is getting larger and larger as the years______.
A. get on B. run on
C. push on D. go on
10. Some of the students have already learned enough English to _________ a conversation with an English speaker.
A. go on B. carry on C. keep on D. hold on
11. --If he works harder, he ______ to succeed in medicine.
--Yes. He is _______ diligent than clever.
A. hopes ; much more B. wishes; no more.
C. promises ; more D. will be able ; would rather
12. After much_____, Harry was chosen captain of the football team.
A. debate B. bargain C. defeat D. defence
13. I didn't see Professor Johnson yesterday because he was_______ in writing a repoft．
A．engaged B．managed C．busied D．required
14. There’s no point_______ further．It won't help much．
A．on explaining B．to explain
C．of explaining D．in explaining
15. --Are you_______ with the achievements yOU have made?
一--Of course，they show my efforts at least．
A．similar B．satisfied C．curious D．pleasant
16. Her dream_______ China has come true at last with the help of her grandfather．
A．to visit B．in visiting
C．visiting D．of visiting
17. We_______an answer to the question，but couldn't find one．
A．sought B．searched C．explored D．looked
18. The old man took a cup of tea，and went on_______ his story．
A．towards B．to C．for D．with
19．He faIled in the mid-term exam but he ______his father_______next time．
A．permitted；to pass B．permitted；passing
C．promised；to pass D．promised；passing
20．We agreed ______ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B．meeting
C．to meet D．to have met
[答案] CDBDD BDCBC CAADB DADAC
二、短文改错
The lights were red，but the old man stopped his 1.--
car and waited them to change to green．While he was 2.--
waiting，a police car came up，hitting his car in 3.--
its back and then stopped．There were
two policemen 4.--
in the police car，and they were surprising and glad 5.--
when the old man got out of his car and walked 6.--
towards them with any trouble after such an accident． 7.--
He was over 70 year old．The o1d man came to the 8.--
door of the police car，smiled kind and said，“Tell me, 9.--
young men, how do you stop this car unless
the lights are red and I’m not here？” 10.--
[答案]
1. and 2. for 3. hit 4.the 5.surprised
6. 正确 7. without 8. years 9.kindly 10. if