Unit 5 It must belong to Carla
学习目标：表示对当前发生的事情做出推测和判断学会做出推测和判断。
一、词汇
author 作家
toy 玩具
picnic 野餐
symphony 交响乐
optometrist 验光师
count 计，算
garbage 垃圾
pretend 装作
chase 追逐，追赶
algebra 数学，代数学
appointment 约会，约定
crucial 关键的，致关重要的
二、词组
1. belong to 属于
2. hair band 发带
3. because of 因为
4. Chinese-English Dictionary 汉英词典
5. Oxford University 牛津大学
6. use up 用光、用完
7. the only kid 独生子，唯一的孩子
8. classical music 古典音乐
9. make guesses 做出猜测
10. outside our window 在窗子外面
11. no more 不再
12. escape from 逃离
13. be careful of 留神、当心
三、日常用语
1. Whose volleyball is this?
It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyball.
2. Whose French book is this?
It could be Ali’s. She studies French.
3. Whose guitar is this?
It might belong to Alice. She plays the guitar.
4. Whose T-shirt is this?
It can’t be John’s. It’s much too small for him.
四、知识讲解
Section A：
1.If you have any idea where it might be, please call me.
If you have any idea... = If you know... 意为“如果你知道……”。
any用于if引导的条件从句中，有“若干的，有多少”的意思。例如：
If you have any time I’d like to talk with you.
如果你有(些许)时间，我希望与你谈谈。
2. no more 与not …any more的区别
二者都表示“不再”，“再没有”的含义,但no more要用在谈数量或程度时，not …any more用在说时间时。 例如：
There is no more bread. 没有面包了。(指数量)
He’s no more genius than I am. 他和我都不是天才。(指程度)
He doesn’t live here any more. 他不住在这里了。(指时间)
3. I think I dropped it during the concert so it might still be in the symphony hall.
during是介词，意为“在……期间”，其后跟时间段。在引导时间状语时注意区分和for的用法。介词for引导时间状语时，很易和during混淆不清。它们的区别如下：
(1)during用在已知的时期、节日或表示时间观念的名词之前。其后通常接the、this、that、these、those、my、your、his……等词。例如：
during the last four days
during the winter
during that time
during my holidays
during our stay in Japan
而for则用以表示“有限的”或“无限的”时间概念，通常其后接冠词、数词，复数名词或副词ever。例如：
for the first time
for two months
for many years
for years
for ever
(2)during的涵义是“当……之际”,它既可指某个动作在某个时期里连续不断地进行，也可以指某个动作在这段时期里的某个时间发生。例如：
It snowed all day but stopped snowing during that night．
下了一整天雪，到晚上才停了。
而for的涵义是指某个动作在某个时期里处于连续不断的状态。例如：
They worked for the whole day． 他们干了一整天。
在某些场合下，for含有“预先安排”或“为了某一目的”之涵义。表示此意味时，大都和come、go、stay、lend、rent、hire等词连用。例如：
They will stay with us for the New Year．他们将和我们在一起，共度新年。
Section B：
(一)However, these days, strange things are happening in our neighbourhood and everyone is unhappy.
然而，最近在我们附近却在发生一些奇怪的事情，并且每个人都不高兴。
1. however是一个转折连词，表示“然而，可是”的意思，与but的意义相同，但however是较正式的说法。例如：
I know how to pronounce this English word, however I can’t write it.
我知道怎么读这个英语单词，但是我不知道怎么写。
2. these days意为“最近，近来，近几天。”
3. unhappy是happy的反义词。unhappy是一个合成词，由un+happy组合而成。
我们常用的在词前加前缀变为其反义词的有：
前 缀 例 词 派生词
un-“不” happy unhappy
like unlike
grateful ungrateful
friendly unfriendly
lucky unlucky
(二)My parents called the police, but they can’t find anything strange.
我的父母亲报了警，但他们也没能发现奇怪的东西。
(1)the police可以看作为复数名词，意思是“警察、警方”。
但如果指一个警员，就要用a policeman或a policewoman。
(2)can’t在本句中，不表示“推断”，而表示“能力”。
(三)In my dream, I was swimming in an ocean of paper.在我的梦中，我浸泡在数不尽的试卷中。
(in)an ocean of, 或(in)oceans of是介词短语，口语中常用，意为“极多的，用不尽的”。在of后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式均可。例如：
He thinks he has oceans of time. 他认为他有用不尽的时间。
语法：表示推测的情态动词。
在英语中，表示对某件事物的确定程度，即表示推测的时候，我们通常会用到以下情态动词，must, might, could, may, can’t, couldn’t.
一. can和could的区别和用法
1．can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力”。例如：
Can you speak English？
What can I do for you？
Can you make a cake？
can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的 “猜测”或 “不肯定”。例如：
Where can he be？
Can the news be true？
(在日常会话中，can可代替may表示“允许”，may比较正式)
2. could 是 can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性，还有怀疑和不肯定的意思(在否定和疑问句中)。例如：
The doctor said he could help him．(能力)
She couldn't skate when she was five years old. (能力)
At that time we thought the story could be true．(可能性)
could用来提问，是有礼貌的请求 Could.... Please? 语气较为婉转。例如：
Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?
Could you help us carry this box, please?
二. 跟上组词一样, might也是may的过去式,其用法如下:
1. may的用法:
a. 表示”允许”或”请求”。 例如：
May I come in？
在使用这一用法时需注意: may表示“允许”的否定形式是must not，意思是“不应该”“不许可”。例如：
-May I take this book out of the reading-room？
-No，you mustn't．不行。
b. 表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情”或许”或”可能”发生。例如：
He may know the answer．
Tomorrow I may go shopping．
c. may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿、愿望。例如：
May you succeed．(祝你成功。)
May you have a pleasant journey．(一路平安。)
2. might的用法:
a. might可以代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。例如：
He might not come today．
Might I take a suggestion？
b. might用来表示现在时间时，还可表示”规劝”。例如：
You might pay more attention to spoken English．
三. must与have to的区别
have to比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法。另外have to能用于更多时态，比较下面的句子：
We had to be there at ten．我们得在十点钟到那里。
We'll have to reconsider the whole thing．这一切我将不得不重新加以考虑。
有时两者都可以用，意思差别不大。例如：
We must have to leave now．我们得走了。
must在表示说话人对事物的推测时候要注意它比may肯定得多，相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”。(只有在肯定句中能这样用。)
This must be your room．
There must be a mistake．
在回答由must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn't，而需要用needn't或don't have to，因为mustn't是“一定不要”的意思。例如：
-Must we hand in our exercises today？
-No，you needn't．
must not的否定形式则表示“不应该”或‘不许可”，语气比较强烈。例如：
You mustn't play on the road．
You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor．
练习检测：
一、单项选择
1. --- Can you swim in the river?
--- No, I _____.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
2. --- Ｍay I go swimming now?
--- No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t
3. --- Excuse me. Where is the zoo?
--- Sorry, I don’t know. Ask that policeman. He _____ know.
A. shall B. may C. need D. would
4. __________ I finish the work today? No, you needn’t.
A. Must B. May C. Can D. Need
5. --- Must I finish my homework now?
--- No, you _________. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
6. --- Tom, where is your father?
--- I’m not sure. He_______ in his office.
A. is B. may be C. maybe D. may
7. ---______________I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum?
---Yes, you______________.
A. Must；can B. May；may C. Need；need D. May；need
8. --- Where is Tom?
--- He hasn't come to school today. I think he________ be ill.
A. has to B. should C. may D. need
9. --- Can you fly a kite?
--- No, I _____.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t
10. This book _____ Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on the book cover.
A. must be B. may be C. can’t be D. mustn’t be
二、填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空。）
(1) --- Why isn't Jim here?
--- He's busy. He (take) care of his aunt's baby at home now.
(2) --- What's Mr. Clarke going to do tomorrow?
--- He'll go fishing if it (not rain).
(3) Linda (make) a lot of friends since she came here last autumn.
(4) --- Did Jack finish (clean) the house this morning?
--- Yes, he did.
(5) --- Have you heard of the Great Wall, Mr. Read?
--- Yes, I have. It's a place of great interest in China.
It (build) thousands of years ago.
三、选择最佳答语补全对话
Miss Wu : Can I help you?
Li Gang : Yes, I'd like to return this book, please.
Miss Wu : (1).
Li Gang : No, I couldn't read it. I had a hard time reading a few pages, and then I decided to give up.
Miss Wu : (2).
Li Gang : It wasn't the language. It was the words. They are too small for me.
Miss Wu : (3).What can I do for you then?
Li Gang : Well, I'd be glad if you could find me another book.
Miss Wu : (4).
Li Gang : Yes, but one with bigger words.
Miss Wu : (5).
Li Gang : Oh, Oliver Twist. This one is fine. And the words are much bigger. Thank you very much.
Miss Wu : You're welcome.
A. What about this one?
B. You can't keep the book for long.
C. Another English storybook?
D. Isn't it interesting?
E. Oh? But I know you are good at English.
F. Did you enjoy the book?
G. Yes, they are really small.
四、阅读理解
Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister (宰相). He said that the Minister would die the next day. The next day, the Minister fell to the ground from the horse and really died. When the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once.
When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since (既然) you knew when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death (死) . Say it out, or you’ll die today.”Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, “But how can I know? I’ll die two days earlier than you.”The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive (活着) as long as possible, so he let Effendi go.
(1)This story tells us .
A. how Effendi fooled (愚弄) the king
B. when the king would die
C. why the Minister died
D. Effendi knew the dates of everyone’s death
(2)The prime Minister died because .
A. Effendi killed him B. Effendi said he would die
C. He was badly ill D. He fell of the horse
(3)Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendi’s own death?
A. Because the king wanted to know when he himself would die.
B. Because the wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi.
C. Because he himself had known the date of Effendi’s death.
D. Because he wanted to know when Effendi would die.
(4)The king let Effendi go because .
A. he hoped to live a long life B. he was afraid of Effendi
C. he didn’t believe (相信) Effendi’s words
D. He knew he would die two days later
(5)Which of the following is not true?
A. Effendi played a joke on the Minister B. The king was afraid of death.
C. Effendi didn’t know when the king would die.
D. If the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.
答案及解析
一、
1. 选C。问句中的can询问“能力”的问句意为“你能在河里游泳吗？”如果能，则答Yes, I can；如果不能，则答No, I can’t此题选Ｃ。
2. 选A。May开头的问句是“请求许可”的问句意为“我可以现在去游泳吗？”如果允许，答句是Yes, you may。如果不允许，答句是No, you can’t。如果表示“强烈的”不允许，“决不能”，则答句是No, you mustn’t。此题意为“现在”你“决不能”去游泳，应该先完成作业。因此选Ａ。
3. 选B。此题考查学生对情态动词用法的掌握情况。题中的情景是问路，而被问者并不知道去公园的路，建议问路人去问警察，说警察可能知道。最后一句说的是一种可能性。
4. 选A。考查情态动词must的用法。考生错解的原因在于没有掌握它的用法。
5. 选D。此题考查知识点为情态动词must的用法。考生错解的原因在于没有掌握must引起的一般疑问句的否定回答。
6. 选B。情态动词may后接动词原型“be”，表示一种可能性或推测。
7. 选B。此题考查情态动词的用法。may用于征求对方的意见。请注意may的这一用法。
8. 选C。本题主要考查情态动词。汤姆今天没来上学，他可能是生病了，也有别的可能。所以只能是一种推测。故应选C。
9. 选C。
10. 选A。must be与may be 都表示推测，must be表示“一定是、准是”；may be 表示“可能是”，相比之下must be 的把握性更大些。
二、
(1)is taking
(2)doesn't rain
(3)has made
(4)cleaning
(5)was built
三、
(1)F，你喜欢吗？
(2)E，哦？据我所知，你英语很棒！
(3)G，是的，确实很小
(4)C，还是英语故事书？(上文提到是英文书)
(5)A，这本好吗？
四、ADBAD