语法知识归纳(定语从句)
1． 由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。
This is the man who helped me.
The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.
Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?
在定语从句中，若先行词指人，其关系代词可用who, whom, 也可用that。
The girl who/that is speaking at the meeting is our monitor.
The boy (who/whom/that) you saw just now is my brother.
在下列情况下多用或须用 who
① 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
The doctor who treated me was very experienced.
②先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时，多用who。
All who heard the news were excited.
Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.
③先行词为those和people时多用who。
Those who want to go please sign their names here.
People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.
④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who，作宾语须用whom。
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.
Mr Green, whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term.
⑤在被分割的定语从句中须用who.
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在以there be开头的句子中多用who.
There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.
⑦一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is modest and studies very hard.
Whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：
① whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。
That’s the child whose father is an engineer.
② whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。
Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.
I saw a tree whose leaves were black with disease.
③ whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词的宾语，可以与介词放在先行词与从句之间。
The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.
Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.
④whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同，即whose+名词=the +名词 +of which
The novel whose title( the title of which) is Red and Black is very interesting.
He lives in the room whose window( the window of which) faces south.
2 which引导的定语从句
which在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。
This is the book which you want.
The building which stands near the river is our school.
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
注意：whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上。介词放于前面时，作宾语的关系到代词不能省略。在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。
There was no single person the street to whom she could turn for help.
This is the person whom you are looking for.
3．由that引导的定语从句
that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作宾语。
The letter (that) I received was from my father.
注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that 引导定语从句：
①先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。
All (that) we have to do is to practice every day.
② 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰。
The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.
③先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰。
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just修饰时。
He is the only person ( that) I want to talk to.
⑤先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked of things and persons (that) they remembered in the school.
⑥ 当主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复。
Who is the boy that was here just now?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
⑦ 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that it used to be.
4.as引导的定语从句
as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成, the same …as…, such…as…, so…as…等结构。
I like the same book as you have.
I shall do it again in the same way as you did.
I want to have such a dictionary as he has.
注意：此处要注意定语从句和状语从句的区别。试比较：
Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question as nobody worked out.
Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question that nobody worked it out.
注意：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
Those who are against the plan please sign your names here.
Anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.
Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.
Tom is the one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.
② 关系代词whom, which, that在限定性定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词又位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但as一般不省略。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
① 从意义上：同位语从句对名词作补充说明或进行解释，而定语从句进行修饰，限定，相当于一个形容词的作用。
② 从结构上：同位语从句由连接代词/副词引导，最常用的连接词一般不省略，也不在从句中担任成分，而定语从句由关系代词/副词引导，在定语从句中作主语不能省略作宾语可省略。
③从涵义上：同位语从句与所说明解释的名词无逻辑关系，而定语从句所修饰的名词是该从句逻辑上的主、宾、表、定、状语等。例如：
The news that our team lost the game disappointed all of us.
The news that you told me yesterday is so disappointing.
④同位语从句对说明解释的名词有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名词，而定语从句所修饰限定的先行词无限制，即可指人，又可指物。
定语从句补充强化练习
1. The most important thing _______ we should pay attention to is the first thing _______I have said.
A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that
2. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _______ none of us has ever heard of.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
3. He never reads anything ________ is not worth reading.
A. which B. that C. who D. as
4. I have bought such a watch _________ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
5. The house ________ roof was damaged has now been repaired.
A. which its B. whose C. that he D. that
6. The pen ________ he writes is a Hero 60.
A. with it B. with which C. with what D. with whom
7. This is the very bus _________ we’ll go to the theatre.
A. in that B. what C. by which D. on which
8. He is the only one of the teachers __________ Spanish in our school.
A. who teaches B. who teach C. which teaches D. that teach
9. I’m not the person who _________ to be frightened by such a horrible scene.
A. am B. is C. are D. was
10. The girl I saw _______ brown hair and blue eyes.
A. had she B. she had C. has D. had
DDBCB BDABD