基础知识
SB3A Units1--4
一. 知识菜单
(一. ) 常用单词与词组
常用单词
1. voyager conclude length athletic account inspect confirm certificate gradual enthusiastic decade committee burst underline globe bush administration permission schoolmate grandparent recently familiar delight delighted energetic cautious outgoing evaluate various key origin equip wealthy Asian ambassador wander motherland existence accurate navy treasure command royal embassy volunteer dam suggest accomplish unable sacred aircraft chairman evidence praise strait islander govern diverse transform immigration strengthen differ pronunciation vocabulary concept chairwoman entire fence birthplace outing roast steak barrier hairy medium bushy procedure rose strawberry lemon bunch growth classify identification promote botanical appetite appoint calculate expense astronomy cocoa enterprise settlement accumulate abandon straw pineapple tone altogether latter distinguish
2. beard/ moustache
3. tight/ tightrope/ tighten
4. edition/ edit/ editor
5. hire/ fire
6. attempt to do sth
7. suitable/ fit
8. blank adj./ n.
9 bid n. /v
10.skillful/ skilled/ skill
11. truly/ true/ real/ really
12. puzzle n./ vt.
13. sick/ sickness/ ill/ illness
14. arise/ rise/ raise
15.fellow adj./n
16.criminal n./ adj.
17.female/ male
18.mine n/ vi/ pron.
19.outdoors/ outdoor/ indoors/ indoor
20.point/ pointed
21.merely/ only
22.classify/class/ classical
23.reward n. vt.
24.technician/ technical/ technique/technology
25.nowhere/ anywhere/ everywhere/ somewhere
26.appearance/ appear/ disappear
27. latter/ later/ late/lately
28.output/ input
29.millimeter/ centimeter/ kilometer
常用词组
1. set down/ write down/put down
2. in a row
3. in the first place/ first/ firstly
4. apply for
5. be enthusiastic about/over/at
6. burst into sth/ burst out doing
7.be familiar with/ be familiar to
8. center on/ upon
9. concentrate on/ upon
10. in the name of / after one’s name
11. be a puzzle to sb.
12. in exchange for
13. set sail to/for /from
14. in return/in turn
15. bring up
16. apart from/ besides/ except/ except for
17. run out/ run out of
18.as a consequence of
19.go walkabout
20.break out/ break away
21.feed…on/ live…on
22.round up
23.look out for
24.on a large scale
25.year after year/ year by year
26.pass away
27.name …after
28.in detail/ in order
(二)重点语法:
1. Review the Subject
2. Review the Predicate
3. Review the Predicative
4. Review the Object
二. 疑难点拨:
1. conclude
vt.
1.) 结束[(+by/with)]
He concluded the speech by quoting/ with a quotation from Einstein.
他最后引用爱因斯坦的一句话结束演说。
2.) 推断出,断定 [+that]
From what you’ve said I can conclude that you like the job very much.
从你所说的我可以推断出你非常喜欢这份工作。
3.) 缔结(条约)[(+with)]
conclude a treaty with和……订立条约
4.) (最后)决定(为)[+to-v][+that]
He concluded to quit on pay day.
他决定在发薪水这天辞职。
He concluded that he would wait a little longer.
他决定再等一会儿。
vi.
结束,终了[(+with)]
The play concluded with the death of the entire cast.
该剧以全体剧中人物之死结局。
2. make for可造成，可成为，有好处
The large print makes for easier reading.
大字排版使阅读轻松一些。
Does early rising make for good health?
早起有利于健康吗？
3. attempt
vt.
1.) 试图;企图;试图做[+to-v]
They attempted to finish the task before July.
他们打算在七月以前完成这项任务。
2.) 试图攻占
They attempted the life of the leader.
他们试图杀死这个领袖。
n.[C]
1.) 企图,尝试[(+at/on)][+to-v]
He made an attempt on the world record.
他试图打破世界纪录。
Her attempt at poetry was a failure.
她尝试写诗失败了。
make an attempt to do sth./ at doing sth. 试图做某事
2.) 攻击[(+on)]
Several attempts have been made on the president's life.
已经有人三番五次试图谋杀总统。
4. confirm
vt.
1.) 证实;确定[+(that)]
The Prime Minister confirmed that he would visit France next month.
首相确定他下个月访问法国。
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信证实了一切。
2.) 坚定;加强 [+(in)]
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
3.) 批准,确认
The queen confirmed the treaty.
女王批准了此项条约。
5. burst
vi.
1.) 爆炸;破裂
The balloon burst.
气球爆炸了。
2.) 冲,闯
Her door was thrust open, and Mrs. Page burst in.
她的门被猛地推开,佩奇太太冲了进来。
3.) 突然出现;突然发生,爆发
4.) (用进行时)塞满,几乎要胀破[(+with)]
I am bursting with pride.
我自豪极了。
相关短语：burst into tears / burst into laughter/ burst out laughing
vt.
1.) 使爆炸;使破裂
After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.
下了十天雨后河堤决口了。
2.) 突然打开;冲出;炸出
3. )使胀破
6. underline
vt.
1.) 在...的下面划线
The key words are underlined.
关键的字下面划了线。
2.) 强调;使突出
This example underlines the consequences of bad management.
这个例子突显了管理不好的后果。
7. be familiar to/ be familiar with
sb./ sth. be familiar to sb. ……对某人来说很熟悉
sb. be familiar with sb./ sth. 某人熟悉或通晓……
I’m familiar with your name.
Your name is familiar to me.
我熟悉你的名字。
She has become familiar with the house
The house has become familiar to her.
她对房子已经很熟悉。
8. center on/ upon/ around
集中; 居中[(+on/upon/around)]
Their talks always center around politics.
他们的谈话总是围绕着政治。
9. concentrate
vt.
集中;聚集,集结 [(+on/upon)]
We must concentrate our attention on efficiency.
我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。
Our population is concentrated in the big cities.
我国人口集中在大城市里。
vi.
全神贯注;专心致志于；全力以赴[(+on/upon)]
She couldn't concentrate on a book very long.
她不能长时间专心读一本书。
10. delight
n.
1.) 欣喜,愉快[U]
To our delight, our football team won.
令我们高兴的是,我们的足球队赢了。
She ran back home with delight.
她兴高采烈地跑回家。
2.) 乐事,乐趣[C]
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life.
他享受了纽约夜生活的乐趣。
vt.
使高兴；使愉快
I'm delighted that you are back.
你回来了,我很高兴。
We were delighted to read your novel.
我们很高兴拜读你的小说。
The clown delighted the audience.
小丑逗乐了观众。
11. puzzle
vt.
1.) 使迷惑;使为难,使窘困
What puzzles me is why they didn't show up.
令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现。
He looked a little puzzled.
他看上去有点困惑。
His recent behavior puzzles me.
他最近的行为使我迷惑不解。
2.) 苦思而得出[(+out)]
I could not puzzle out her intentions.
我猜不出她的意图。
We finally puzzled out the meaning of the poem.
我们苦苦思索终于理解这首诗的意思。
vi.
1.) 感到迷惑[(+about/ over)]
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.
我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。
2.) 苦思,冥思苦想[(+about/over/as to)]
n.
1.) (游戏的)猜谜,智力竞赛[C]
2.) 难题,谜,难以理解之事[sing.]
Her decision was a puzzle to him.
她的决定对他来说是个谜。
3.) 困惑,迷惑[sing.]
I'm in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.
我不知道该如何应付这新局面。
12.in exchange for与……交换
She is giving him English lessons in exchange for his teaching her Chinese.
她教他英语，他教她汉语。
13. wander
vi.
1.) 漫游;闲逛;流浪;徘徊[(+about/off/over/through)]
He wandered about the streets.
他在街上游荡。
2.) 离开正道;离题[(+from/off)]
During the storm the ship wandered from its course.
船在风暴中偏离了航道。
He wandered from the subject.
他说离了题。
3.) (精神)错乱;(思想)混乱;出神,开小差
My attention wandered.
我走了神。
14. suggest
vt.
1.) 建议,提议[+v-ing][+(that虚拟)]
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.
我建议我们星期天去公园。
The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.
牙医建议她改天再来。
2.) 暗示;启发[+(that陈述)]
Her expression suggested pleasure./that she was pleased
她面露喜色。
3.) 使人想起,使人联想到[(+to)]
That cloud suggests a boat to me.
那朵云使我联想到船。
15. accomplish
vt.
1.) 完成,实现,达到
They didn't accomplish the purpose desired.
他们没有达到预期的目的。
They have accomplished their mission successfully.
他们成功地完成了任务。
2.) 走完,度过
She has accomplished 95 years of her life.
她已达九十五高龄。
The journey was accomplished in five weeks.
花了五个礼拜走完全部旅程。
16. refer to
1.) 查阅，参阅
A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of the words.
2.) 指……而言，指的是
I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young boy.
3.) 把……称作(as)
Don’t refer to your sister as a silly cow!
refer…to
1.) 指导；让……找
Our teacher refers us to many good books.
If he needs any further information, refer him to me.
2.) 归功于；归咎于
He referred his success to the good teaching he’s had.
17. arise (arose, arisen)
arise vi./ rise vi. / raise vt.
raise是及物动词，比较好区分。下面主要看arise 和rise的区别
arise (1) to come into being or into notice; happen; appear产生,出现,形成
Problems will arise as we do the work.
随着我们开展工作，问题就会出现。
(2) to get up from sitting or lying; stand up 从坐着或者是躺着的状态起来；站起
I will arise and go now.
我现在要起身走了。
rise (1) go up; get higher上升；升高
The river is rising after the rain.
雨后河水在上涨。
Her voice rose higher and higher with excitement.
她激动得声音越来越高。
(2) to stand up from lying, kneeling, or sitting从躺、跪或坐的状态站立起来：起身
She rose to greet her guests.
她站起来迎接客人。
(3) (of price, amount, temperature, etc) to increase, get higher
Tea/ The price of tea has risen by 5 pence/ has risen to 30 pence.
茶的价格上涨了五个便士/上涨到三十便士。
18. fellow
n.[C]
1.) 【口】男人;家伙;人
A fellow must eat.
人总得吃饭。
2.) 伙伴;同事
They are my fellows at school.
他们是我的同学。
adj.
同伴的;同事的;同类的
He recalled his fellow traveller with pleasure.
他愉快地回忆起他的旅伴。
19. criminal
adj.
1.) 犯罪的,犯法的
Robbery is a criminal act.
抢劫是犯罪行为。
2.) 刑事上的
Scotland has its own criminal law.
苏格兰有它自己的刑法。
n.
罪犯[C]
20. transform
vt.[(+into)]
1.) 使改变;使改观;将...改成
The Greggs have transformed their garage into a guest house.
格雷格一家把他们的车库改成了客房。
2.) 改造;改革;改善
The situation has been greatly transformed.
形势已经大大好转。
3.) 使变换
A generator transforms mechanical energy into electricity.
发电机将机械能变成电。
21. differ
vi.
1.) 不同,相异[(+from)]
Our tastes differ from each other.
我们的嗜好不同。
2.) 意见不同[(+with sb. about/ on/ over )]
He differed with his brother about/ on / over a political question.
他和他的兄弟在一个政治问题上见解有分歧。
That's where we differ.
那是我们有分歧的地方。
22. procedure
n.
1.) 程序;手续;步骤[U][C]
The chairman was quite familiar with the procedure for conducting a meeting.
主席对开会的程序很熟悉。
The next procedure is as follows.
下一个步骤如下。
2.) 常规;传统的做法[C][U]
The first step in the procedure for making a kite is to build the frame.
制作风筝的第一步是做骨架。
23. growth
n.
1.) 生长,成长;发育[U]
Exercise and good food are important to the proper growth of a child.
运动和营养好的食物对孩子的正常发育十分重要。
2.) 增长;增大;发展[U][sing.]
The rate of overall industrial growth was above eight percent.
工业总增长率超过百分之八。
3.) 种植,栽[U]
These are fruits of my own growth.
这些是我自己栽培的水果。
4.) 生长物;产物[C][sing.]
A thick growth of weeds covered the yard.
庭院长满浓密的野草。
24. merely
adv.
只是,仅仅,不过
That was merely a guess of mine.
那只是我的一种猜测。
25. promote
vt.
1.) 使(学生)升级; 晋升[(+to)]
Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade.
通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。
2.) 促进;发扬;引起
The Prime Minister's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。
3.) 【美】宣传,推销(商品等)
Your job is to promote the new product.
你的工作是促销这一新产品。
26. appoint
vt.
1.) 任命,指派 [(+as/to)]
They appointed him (to be) manager.
他们任命他为经理。
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉斯作为他在约克市的代理人。
2.) 约定,指定;安排
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
27. calculate
vt.
1.) 计算[+(that)]；估计;预测;推测[+(that)]
I calculated that we would arrive at 6:00pm.
按我的计算，我们可以在下午六点正到达。
He calculated the costs very carefully.
他仔细计算开支。
2.)计划,打算;使适合(某种目的) [+to-v]
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
他的话是故意要伤她的。
3.) 【美】【口】以为,认为[+(that)]
I calculate that they will soon arrive.
我看他们快要到了。
vi.
计算
Have you finished calculating yet?
你计算好了吗?
28. reward
n.
1.) 报答;报偿;奖赏;报应[U][C]
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。
2.) 酬金;赏金;奖品[C][(+for)]
A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
有人提供巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯。
vt.
1.) 报答,报偿;酬谢;奖励[(+with/for)]
They rewarded him for his great help with a gift of money.
他们奖给他一笔钱以酬谢他鼎立相助。
2.) 报应;惩罚(坏人或坏事)[(+for)]
He will sooner or later be rewarded for his wicked conduct.
他的恶行迟早会受到报应。
29. latter
adj.
1.) 后面的;后半的;末了的
This latter point was of great importance.
后面这点极为重要。
2.) (两者中)后者的
Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother.
这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。
3.) 最近的;现今的
His health has been deteriorating in these latter years.
最近几年他的健康越来越差。
later/late/lately
later 与latter 音同，但意思不一样。它是late的比较级。
late 表示“迟（迟于正常安排的或是期待的时间），晚（指一段时间的末尾或者晚上较晚的时间）”
He always arrived home late.
他经常很晚才回家。
My grandfather likes to stay late.
我祖父喜欢晚睡。
The young tree was planted late in the planting season.
这株小树是在植树季节末期栽的。
lately 表示“最近，近来”，多用于疑问句和否定句，或用于as lately as ，only lately的结构中。
Have you been to the cinema lately?
你近来看过电影吗？
We haven’t been there lately.
我们最近没到那里去过。
I saw her as lately as last Sunday.
我上星期天还见过她。
It is only lately that he has been well enough to go out.
他的身体康复能够外出还是最近的事。
late 还有一些习惯表达法：
later on将来，后来/ sooner or later迟早/ at (the) latest至迟/ of late近来
30. distinguish
vt.
1.) 区别;识别[(+from)]
He can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.
他能区别真正的古董与复制品。
2.) (凭感觉器官)辨认出
I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.
我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们。
3.) 使杰出;使显出特色
She distinguished herself as a black lawyer.
她成了一位杰出的黑人律师。
vi.
区别;识别;辨别[(+between)]
It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong.
明辨是非当然要紧。