2005年非谓语动词用法透析[下学期] 新人教版

发布时间:2016-4-9编辑:互联网

非谓语动词用法透析

非谓语动词是中学英语学习中的一个难点,又是重点的语法项目。它是构成句子的一个重要组成部分,掌握它的用法,会使你对英语句子的理解和运用上一个台阶。根据笔者多年的教学经验,同学们应从以下几个方面去学习,会让你有种豁然开朗的感觉。

一、不定式

1. 用法:1)主语:To help each other is good. =It is good to help each other.

2)宾语:She wishes to be a doctor.

3)定语:Is this the best way to help him?

4)状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English.

5)表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day.

6)宾补:I saw a little girl run across the street.(为省略to的动词不定式)

2.构成:to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to be done

3.不定式短语:"疑问词+不定式" She didn't tell me what to do.

4.不定式的复合结构:It's time for us to have a class. It's kind of you to help me.

二、动名词 构成:doing/having done/having been done/being done

1.用法: 1)主语:Swimming is good for us.

2) 宾语:I love singing.

3) 表语:His hobby is collecting stamps.

4) 定语: There is a swimming pool. /There is a pool for swimming.

2.动名词复合结构:由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+doing 构成, 也可用其宾格或名词+doing (位于句首时只能用前一种)

Do you mind my(Tom's) closing the door? =Do you mind me(Tom) closing the door?

三、分词 现在分词:doing 过去分词:done

1.用法:1)定语: The boy standing under the tree is our monitor.

  The novel written by Lu Xun is worth reading.

2)状语:She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.

  Being ill, he went home.

  He appeared, followed by a little boy.

  Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.

3) 表语:The film is very interesting. (表示主语的性质、特征)(使……)

   I'm interested in this story.(表示主语所处的状态)(感到……)

4) 宾补:I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

   He was surprised to find the flower-pot broken.

2.区别:现在分词表示主动和正在进行,而过去分词表示被动和已完成。

非谓语动词解题技巧

主语: 不定式和动名词都可以作主语,区别是:不定式强调动作。如:

To teach the students in Class Three

next term is her given task.

而动名词则侧重概念。如:Skating is a good sport.

宾补: 不定式和分词都可以作宾语补足语。区别:

1.不定式表示做过或将要做的动作。如:

I saw him enter the classroom. / I want to buy a pen for my child.

现在分词表示正在进行的动作。如:I heard her singing an English song.

过去分词则表示被动或完成意义。如:He'll have his hair cut.

2.有些动词要求不定式作宾语补足语,不可以用现在分词。如:

He made me say so. (为省略to的动词不定式)

而有些动词要求用现在分词作宾语补足语,不可以用不定式。如:

The teacher kept them reading the text.

状语

不定式和分词都可能作状语,但它们的种类是不同的。

不定式能作目的状语。如: I go to his house every day to help him with his English.

作结果状语。如: He worked hard enough to be praised by his teacher.

作原因状语(这种状语一般在形容词后面作形容词的状语)。如:I am glad to see you.

分词能作时间状语。如:Walking along the street, I met an old friend of mine.

作条件状语。如:Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.

作方式或伴随状语。如: He came running back to tell me the news. 又如:

Laughing and talking, the students went out of the classroom.

作原因状语(一般前置,作动词或句子的原因状语)。如:

Not knowing his telephone number, we couldn't get in touch with him.

定语

不定式、分词和动名词都可以作定语,区别是:不定式动作意味强,如:

He had only one room to live in.

现在分词表示它所修饰的名词的动作,如: The crying boy is my younger brother.

过去分词表示过去的动作造成的后来的状态,如:This is a broken bowl.

动名词表示用途,如:There are a few sleeping bags in the shop.

表语

不定式、分词和动名词都可以作表语,区别是:不定式和动名词作表语都表示主语的内容,但前者动作意味强,如: His job is to teach the students in Class Two next

term.

而后者概念意味强,如:Her job is raising pigs.

现在分词表示主语的性质和特点,如:The story is exciting.

过去分词表示主语的状态,如:They were interested in the story.

宾语

不定式和动名词都可以作宾语,为了方便记忆,现总结一些技巧和口诀:

只能接动名词作宾语的动词:

建议停止享受--想象完成逃跑(suggest, advise, stop, resist, enjoy, imagine,

finish, escape)

承认借口--推迟实践(admit, excuse, delay, practise)

认为应该保持头脑清醒--懂得避免冒险(consider, keep, mind, understand, avoid, miss, risk)

另外还有几个短语: succeed in, be busy, be worth, be used to, give up, look

forward to

只能接不定式作宾语的动词:offer(提出), learn(学会), intend, plan(打算)

demand, ask(要求), promise (答应), help (帮忙), prepare (准备), decide

determine (决定), refuse (拒绝), dare(敢于), manage(设法), wish, hope want,

expect(希望,想要), fail, pretend (假装), choose(甘愿)

  同意提出学会的打算,要求答应来帮忙。

  准备决定遭拒绝,敢于设法有希望。

  未能做到莫假装,选择破釜沉舟当自强。

  既能接不定式,又能接动名词,但意思不同的动词或词组:

  forget, go on, mean, remember, stop, try, regret,巧记,

即"四'记'力争不后悔"。四记指(记得/记住;忘记;计划/打算;继续);力争指try;不后悔指 "stop

regretting"-stop 与regret。如:

  1. The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness, so he tried

treating her with a new medicine.

  2. The teacher asked us to go on reading the text instead of going

on to do the exercises.

  3. What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.

But today I forgot to return the money to him again.

  4. The pupils stopped to write their compositions when the teacher

said angrily, "Stop talking, children."

  5. I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed. To my

surprise, he said to me, " I have no regrets, I only regret having

taken the wrong job."

  6. I can't help thinking he's lying, so I can't help to apologize

for him.

  7. "Remember to return the bat to me." "But I remember having

returned it to you."