What are we going to learn?（目标篇）
1.重点词汇
cultural pyramid represent include ruin burn restore rebuild beauty photograph portrait recreate unite artist period vase stone damage ancient project brick official cave pollution carbon breath limit sincerely
2.重点词组
give in in ruins bring…back to life puu down set up
3.交际用语
(1) 提出意见和建议
What shall we …? Maybe we could…
Shall we…? I’d like to…
Can’t we…? What / How about…?
Should we…? Why don’t you…?
Let’s… Why not…?
4.语法难点
被动语态（1）
1. 描述事物已经受到某种影响或某种处理--使用现在完成时被动语态。例如:
Now, after years of hard work, parts of statues have been put back together and missing pieces have been replaced.
Old paintings, …, have been carefully recreated, and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.
2. 描述人物已经被动地接受某种行为或某种处理--使用现在完成时被动语态。例如：
The sick woman has been sent to hospital, and now you can’t visit her.
Jack has been told about it, so you needn’t call him up.
5.话题
1. Talk about cultural relics.
2. Talk about ways to protect cultural relics.
3. Giving advice and make suggestions
Tell Me More!（背景篇）
The City of Peter the Great
I love, thee, Peter’s own creation,
I love thy stern and comely face,
Neva’s majestic perfluctation,
Her bankments’ granite carapace,
The patterns laced by iron railing,
And of thy meditative night
The lucent dusk, the moonless paling…
View of the Palace Square and Alexander Column in St. Petersburg (Photo: Cinderellatravel.com)
Thus is the glory of Peter the Great’s city, St. Petersburg, depicted in the poem The Bronze Horseman by Alexander Pushkin. The Bronze Horseman is also the name of a statue that stands in all its granite glory on Senatskaya Plochad facing the Neva River in St. Petersburg.
Created by the famous French sculptor Etienne Maurice Falconet, the statue depicts Peter the Great as a Roman hero. The pedestal is made of a single piece of red granite in the shape of a cliff. From the top of this “cliff” Peter shows the way for Russia as his horse steps on a snake. The snake represents the enemies of Peter and his reforms. Ironically, the “evil” snake also serves as a third point of support for the statue.
The St. Petersburg region was originally inhabited by the Swedes. It was conquered by Russia during the Great Northern War (1700-1721) fought between Sweden and a coalition of countries led by Russia.
In 1703, Russian tsar Peter the Great chose a site on Zayachy Island in the Neva River and began the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress named after two patron saints. Although the site was cold, damp, and poorly protected, Peter was determined to build a new capital in the Neva delta to replace Moscow, which had served as Russia’s capital since the origins of the Russian state in the 1300’s.
Peter wanted an outlet to the Baltic Sea and intended to make St. Petersburg a modern, Western-style city that would serve as Russia’s “window on Europe.” Although the fortress was originally a primitive earthen structure, stone was brought in when construction of the city began. St. Petersburg was built at great human cost, the Northern Russian climate was very harsh, hunger and cold killed nearly 100,000 people during the first years of its construction. Working from dawn to dusk, they died in great numbers, but the war was on and the fort had to be completed as soon as possible.
On May 16, 1703, (May 27 by the modern calendar) St. Petersburg’s fortress (the Peter and Paul Fortress) was founded and that day became the official birthday of the city. Several days later the wooden Cabin of Peter the Great was built and became the first residential building in the new city. A new capital of the Russian Empire was born.
The imperial capital - including the Russian court, the Senate, and the foreign embassies - was moved to the new city in 1712. Peter and the rulers after him commissioned Dutch and Italian architects to build the city’s magnificent palaces and churches and an influx of Western scholars and artisans helped make St. Petersburg a cultural as well as a political center. Peter also commanded a new dress code for the nobility modeled after the French court. The Boyars were ordered to shave their long beards. Those caught wearing the old heavy unfashionable dress would have their cloth cut off from the knees down.
Originally, there were no bridges crossing the mighty Neva River. People had to be ferried between banks by boat - one of the reasons why St. Petersburg became known as the “Venice of the North.” The city itself consists of 101 islands and is miraculously built on mostly their banks. Today, St. Petersburg has the largest number of bridges of any city in the world, numbering 539 with 315 bridges in the downtown area alone.
St. Petersburg is no less of a marvel to visit today. The influx of tourists over the last couple of years has doubled in size. Many visitors say that St. Petersburg is as magnificent as Paris and Venice, that it has an unspoken mystery to it - not entirely European, yet not fully Russian either.
Cathedrals
One of the many architectural wonders of St. Petersburg is St. Isaac’s Cathedral - one of the world’s most beautiful churches.
St. Isaac’s Cathedral was originally the city’s main church and the largest cathedral in Russia. The French-born architect Auguste Montferrend built St. Isaac’s between 1818 and 1858 and expected it to be one of the most impressive landmarks of the Russian Imperial capital.
One hundred and eighty years later the gilded dome of St. Isaac’s still dominates the skyline of St. Petersburg. The cathedral’s facades are decorated with sculptures and massive granite columns (made of single pieces of red granite), while the interior is adorned with incredibly detailed mosaic icons, paintings, and columns made of malachite and lapis lazuli. A large, brightly colored stained glass window of the “Resurrected Christ” takes pride of place inside the main altar.
The church, designed to accommodate 14,000 standing worshipers, was closed in the early 1930’s and reopened as a museum. Today, church services are held only on major ecclesiastical occasions. Going up 300 steps to the cathedral’s colonnade you will be greeted by a breathtaking panoramic view of the city.
Another magnificent church in St. Petersburg is the Church of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, commonly referred to as The Savior on the Blood Cathedral (1883-1907). The church took the latter name as a memorial to Emperor Alexander II who was assassinated on March 1, 1881 on the spot where the church now stands. Alexander II was the first Tsar to give the Russian peasants their freedom and prepared the nation for democratic constitutional rule.
Designed by architect Alfred Parland in the style of 16th and 17th century Russian churches, the Savior on the Blood Cathedral offers an amazing contrast to the Baroque, Classical, and Modernist styles predominant in the Northern Capital. Its unique decorations include icons and panels made from majolica, and mosaics that were created from drawings by the leading Russian artists of the day. Restorers say the church contains more mosaics than any other church in the world.
Many famous Russian architects took part in the competition to build the symbolically important church. Alexander III, the heir to the throne, was unsatisfied with their proposals. He wanted the church to be in the style of Russian churches of the 16th and 17th centuries. Indeed, the church’s final composition borrowed heavily from the architectural forms of St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow and the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev. The project was estimated to cost 3.6 million rubles, but ended up costing 4.6 million rubles, mainly from the extravagant collection of mosaics. The interior of the church was faced with Italian multi-colored marble and colored stone from different regions of Russia including Ural jasper, porphyry, violet gray Altai jasper, and dark red, pink, and green marble.
One of the most impressive elements of the church is the extravagant shrine, which was constructed on the very spot where Alexander II was fatally wounded, and maintained a special place within the church’s interior.
It was constructed according to Parland’s drawing, and completed in July 1907. Four columns of violet gray jasper serve as the base of the shrine. Above, small rectangular columns unite the carved stone awning and the mosaic icons decorated with images of the protectors of Alexander II’s family - the Romanovs. The columns are supported by a frieze, a cornice, and a stone-carved pediment with vases of jasper along the corners.
The shrine concludes with a high octahedral pyramid - the cross is completed with 112 pieces of topaz. The frame inside the shrine was faced with a magnificently colored lazurite. In fact, the facing of the arch required more than 100 pounds of lazurite. The arch itself was inlaid with stars made from Siberian semiprecious stones and pieces of topaz.
The intricately decorated outside walls of the church rival the magnificence of the church’s interior. The entrances to the cathedral are located at the north and south ends, and was built like closed porches on granite columns. On the place where the main entrance is usually located in churches, the crucifix was arranged on the facade, according to the design of Nesterov.
The pediments of each of the four porches of the cathedral are decorated in mosaic panels, based on the gospel scenes according to Vasnetsov: “Executing of the Cross,” “Crucifixion,” “Removing from the Cross,” and “Descending into Hell.” All four mosaic panels are magnificent in their composition and colors.
The revolution took a terrible toll on the Church. In 1923, the church became an official cathedral, but this didn’t save it from the barbarian looting of church valuables that took place along with the destruction of the interior of the church.
PETER THE GREAT (PETER ALEXEEVICH) 1672-1725
CZAR 1682-1721 EMPEROR OF ALL RUSSIA 1721-1725
Peter the Great was the fourteenth child of Alexei Mikhailovich, born on May 30, 1672, from his second marriage to Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina. Having ruled jointly with his brother Ivan V from 1682, with Ivan's death in 1696, Peter was officially declared Sovereign of all Russia.
During his reign, Peter undertook extensive reforms: He created a regular army and navy, subjugated the Church to the state and introduced new administrative and territorial divisions of the country. He paid particular attention to the development of science. He was a far-sighted and skillful diplomat and a talented military leader.
Under Peter's rule, Russia became a great European nation. In 1721, he proclaimed Russia an Empire and was accorded the title of Emperor of All Russia, Great Father of the Fatherland and "the Great."
He married twice and had 11 children, many of whom died in infancy. The eldest son from his first marriage, Czarevich Alexei, was convicted of high treason by his father and secretly executed in 1718.
Peter died from a chill on January 28, 1725, without nominating an heir. He was buried in the Cathedral of the St. Peter and St. Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.
Key Points（知识篇）
1. Complete the map of each site based on what you hear on the tape.
Quiz
(1) Swan Lake is a famous ballet in four acts, ___________on a German fairy tale.
A. basing B. based C. bases D. to base
(2) In five minutes he ________ drawing a very beautiful horse.
A. completed B. had finished C. was completed D. finished
(3) Before the interview you are asked to _________ the form.
A. complete B. finish C. write D. fill
Rules
(1) complete: vt. 使（某事物）圆满，完善；完成; 填写（表格）。adj. 完整的；完全的；全部的。例如：
I need one more stamp before my collection is completed.还差一张邮票我的收藏就齐全了。
The work is not completed yet. 这个工作还未完成。
When will the bridge be complete? 那座桥什么时候能完工?
Complete your application in ink. 用钢笔填申请表。
I want to buy a complete edition of Shakespeare’s works. 我想买一套莎士比亚全集。
This is a complete story. 这是一个完整的故事。
注意complete 和 finish 在用法上的差异。两个词在很多情况下可以通用，但也有下列区别：
a. finish 可以接动词的-ing形式，表“结束”，而complete 没有这一用法。例如
I needed to finish doing some work before the game, so I arrived a bit after he did. 比赛前我要把一些事情做完， 所以我比他到得晚了一点。
b. finish 在意义上比complete消极，比较下面两句话的意义。
I have finished the book. 我看完这本书了。
I have complete the book. 我写完这本书了。
c. finish 在被动语态时有“全完了”，“没有希望了”的意思，而complete 没有这个含义。例如：
Is Saddam Hussein's government finished? 萨达姆的政府完蛋了吗？
（2）based on what you hear on the tape: 过去分词短语做状语，表示谓语动词complete发生的背景或情况，这种状语既可以放在谓语动词的后面，也可以放在谓语动词的前面。例如：
Fight no battle unprepared. 不打无准备之战。
Built in 1192, this bridge is about 800 years old. 这座桥是一一九二年修的，已经有约八百多年的历史了。
（3）base…on /upon: 建于…… 之上，以 …… 为根据。例如：
What do you base your opinion on? 你提这个意见的依据是什么？
John based his hope on the news he had yesterday. 约翰的希望是以昨天所得到的消息为依据。
This news report is based entirely on fact. 这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。
2. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture, but you cannot put any living things in the capsule.
Quiz
Our shops ____________ only the very best quality produce.
A. choose B. pick up C. select D. choose from
Rules
（1）select: vt. 选择, 挑选adj. 精选的。例如：
They were selected from many applicants.他们是从许多报名者当中选出来的。
I want to select a gift for my mother’s birthday. 我想为妈妈的生日挑选一件礼物。
He bought a Select Collection of Shakespeare’s Poems. 他购买了一部莎士比亚诗选。
select 和choose都含有“选择”的意思。select 强调“在广泛的范围内精选、淘汰”，侧重“以客观为标准进行选择”，表示比choose考虑得更周到；choose 系常用词，指“一般的选择”，侧重“凭个人意志或判断进行选择”，可用于仅在两者之间进行选择，后面接不定式时，意为“决定，下决心；愿意，宁愿”。例如
He would choose death before surrender. 他宁死也不投降。
They offer a lot of books to choose from. 他们提供了很多书来选择。
He chooses to look into the matter till the truth is out. 他决定调查那件事直至真相大白
（2）represent: vt 表现，描写，描画；代表；声称
This painting represents a storm. 这幅画描绘暴风雨。
We chose a committee to represent us. 我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。
These stones represent armies. 那些石头代表部队。
He represented himself as a philosopher. 他声称自己是哲学家。
3. You may also include a short message ( two sentences) in any language in the box.
Quiz
The book _________ 100 stories, _________ some very short ones.
A. contains, includes B. is containing, including
C. includes, contains D. contains, including
Rules
include: 包含, 包括。强调“包括作为整体的一部分”，注意其现在分词和过去分词的用法。例如:
The price includes postage charges. 价格包括邮费在内。
The university includes ten colleges. 该大学有10个学院。
The band played many songs, including some of my favourites. 乐队演奏了许多曲子， 包括我最喜爱的。
They all went, teachers included. 他们都去了，老师也去了。
contain: vt. 包含；容纳；装有
Beer contains alcohol. 啤酒含有酒精。
The speech contained some interesting ideas. 这个讲演包括一些有趣的思想。
4. Where there is a river, there is a city.
Quiz
(1) This photo of mine was taken __________ stood the famous high tower.
A. which B. in which C. where D. there
(2) You must be firm, _________ you think yourself to be right.
A. in which B. where C. what D. no matter how
(3) -Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
-Oh, yes. _________ others are weak, he is strong.
A. Where B. When C. Though D. If
(4) I have kept that picture __________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
A. which B. where C. whether D. when
Rules
where there is a river地点状语从句。由连接副词where 引导，表示主句谓语动词的地点。例如：
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Put the book where you took it. 把书放在你取的地方。
Where others are weak, he is strong. 他在别人不行的地方不错。
5. Perhaps this is not always true, but it is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of the river.
Quiz
(1) __________ gone is gone. ___________ no use talking about it any more.
A. That’s, It’s B. What’s, It’s C. It’s, That’s D. That’s, That’s
(2) ________ is known ___________ Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.
A. As, to B. Which, that C. It, that D. It, to
(3) Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________ didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
(4) ___________needs further discussion whether we’ll build a library or not.
A. We B. He C. It D. The thing
(5) ________ is too cold to go fishing today.
A. The day B. It C. You D. The sky
Rules
it 在句中充当形式主语，代替后面的主语从句that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of the river。It作形式主语时一般代替主语从句，不定式和动词的-ing形式。例如：
It is said that the two leaders will hold secret talks. 据说两位领导人要进行秘密会谈。
It’s impossible for us to get there in time. 我们不可能及时赶到那里。
It’s no use talking to a man like him. 和他那样的人谈是没有用的。
6. It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave in.
Quiz
(1) Whether they will move into the branch school is _________ consideration.
A. for B. under C. within D. by
(2) No matter how the bandits tortured her, Lady Jiang Jie never ________.
A. give in B. give up C. give off D. give out
Rules
(1) under: 在…之中；在…期间。
under discussion. 在讨论中
There is a new music hall near here under construction. 附近正在建造一座新的音乐大厅。
Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。
(2) give in (to): 屈服, 投降, 退让。 例如：
Don’t give in to him. 不要向他屈服。
The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper’s demands. 当局对绑架者的要求没有让步的迹象。
7. The Germans burned many of the palaces as they left.
Quiz
I watched her ______ she combed her hair.
A. while B. as C. because D. since
Rules
as, when和 while的用法比较：这三个词在引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候 ”，其用法为：as常接一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。when既可引导一个持续动作，又可引导一个短暂动作，用于主句和从句同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。例如：
As she did her homework, she listened to the music. 她一边做作业，一边听音乐。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙跑回家去，一边走一边回头望。
When I lived there, I used to go for a walk around the lake. 我住在那里时，常绕着湖边散步。
Who are the three people you would like to model when you grow up? 当你长大后，你愿意成为哪三个人的样子？
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时别高声谈话。
While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.两个侦探把着门,另外两个打开包裹。
8. St Petersburg was almost in ruins.
Rules
ruin: n. “衰败，毁灭，瓦解；废墟” vt. (使)破产, (使)堕落, 毁灭 in ruins: 成为废墟
We saw the ruins of the church. 我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。
He was ruined by that law case. 他被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it. 她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
The fire ruined the books in the library. 大火毁坏了图书馆的书。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
After the earthquake, the beautiful city was in ruins. 地震之后，这个美丽的城市沦为了一片废墟。
damage, destroy 和 ruin 都含“破坏”、“毁坏”的意思。其主要区别在于：damage 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复”；destroy 指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”；ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄坏了”。 如:
The heavy rain damaged many houses. 大雨毁坏了许多房子。
That town was destroyed in a big fire. 那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。
He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth. 他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。
9. Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statue lay in pieces on the ground.
Rules
piece: n. 在这里是“碎片，碎块；部件，部分”的意思，常以复数形式出现在介词in, into 和 to之后。例如：
break /smash /tear sth. to pieces 打碎 / 砸碎 / 撕碎 某物
The vase lay in pieces on the ground. 地上是那个花瓶的碎片。
The boat was smashed to pieces on the rocks. 船触礁而撞碎了。
The furniture is delivered in pieces and you have to assemble it yourself. 家具送货时是散件的，得自己装配。
The table is made in five pieces.这张桌子是五部分组成的。
10. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible, but the people of this great city would not gave up.
Rules
（1）restoring the city and its cultural relics 在句中充当主语。动词-ing短语在句中作主语时有三种主要用法：a. 直接用作主语 b. 用it 代替作形式主语c. 在there be no doing结构中作主语。例如：
It is said that walking on the moon is more difficult. 据说在月球上行走更困难。
It is no use talking about it here. 在这里谈这事没用。
There is no joking about such matters. 这样的事情是不能看玩笑的。
There is no knowing whether he will come or not. 不知道他会不会来。
（2）give up: “放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交”。例如：
She doesn’t give up easily.她做任何事都不轻易放弃。
The doctors had given her up but she made a remarkable recovery.医生们已经放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复地很好。
You ought to give up smoking.你应该戒烟。
Why don’t you give him up? 你为什么不和他一刀两断呢？
I give up; tell me what the answer is. 我认输，告诉我答案吧。
He gave up his seat to an old lady on the bus. 在公共汽车上他把座位让给了一位老太太。
11. We’ll do everything we can to save our city!
Quiz
We must do as much as we can _______ our community better and more beautiful.
A. make B. possible C. to make D. making
Rules
这是一个带定语从句的复合句，we can 在句中是定语从句，其完整形式应该是that we can do,在主句中to save our city是do everything 的目的状语。
12. Painters and workers had to be very careful when they were trying to bring the city back to life.
Rules
bring… back to… “使…恢复…” 例如
A week by the sea brought her back to health.她在海边呆了一周后恢复了健康。
bring 可以构成许多短语，例如: bring about 引起; 致使; 造成; 达成。bring back恢复；回忆。bring down 使落下；减低； 降低 bring in 产生(利益)；赚到；引进；推广 bring up 养育；提出；呕吐。
13. With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.
Rules
(1) with the help of = with one’s help: “在……的帮助下”例如：
With the help of government programs aimed at helping low income individuals and families own their own home, more people can improve their living conditions within this year.在政府协助低收入个人和家庭安居的项目帮助下，更多人的居住条件将在年内得到改善。
With the teacher’s help , he has made rapid progress in his English study. 在老师的帮助下，他的英语学习进步很快。
(2) be able to do sth. “能够”有各种时态变化，而can只有现在时和过去时。若表示过去有能力并实际上做到了某事，要用was / were able to do sth.，而不能使用could。例如：He was able to pass the test. 他考试及格了。而He could pass the test.并不意味着考试已经及格了。
14. Like their hero Peter, the people of St Pertersburg have shown that dreams can come true.
Quiz
(1) To my brother’s delight, his wish ___________ at last.
A. realized B. came true C. carried out D. was ruined
(2) Nothing _______ after the terrible fire which had been caused by someone smoking in bed.
A. remained B. continued C. left D. kept
(3) I’m 50 this year, but many of my friends say I don’t ________ my age. Don’t you think so?
A. look B. seem C. appear D. go
Rules
come“变成，证实是”在这里为连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。连系动词可以分为三类：a. 表示人或事物的特征的，如feel, look, seem, appear, sound, smell, taste等；b. 表示由一种状态转为另一种状态的，如 become, grow, get, turn, turn out, go, fall, run, come, make, prove等；c. 表示保持某种状态的，如keep, remain, continue, stand, lie, sit等。例如：
Everything will come right in the end. 一切问题终会解决。
He looked worried. 他看起来很担心。
It seems that something has gone wrong. 看来出问题了。
The soldier stood quite still. 那个士兵站着不动。
15. 现在完成时的被动语态
Quiz
1. This story ________ into many languages.
A. has translated B. has been translated C. had translated D. had been translated
Rules
现在完成时的被动语态由“has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词”构成。表示说话之前已经完成或者影响仍然存在的被动动作。使用时注意以下几点：
（1）使用被动语态的条件：一般说来，为了强调动作的承受者或者不知道动作的承受者时就需要使用被动语态。
All the CAAC offices have been joined by new computers. 民航局所有的售票处都用计算机连接起来了。
His works have been translated into many languages. 他的作品已经被翻译成了很多种语言。
(2) 带双宾语的动词，如ask, borrow, bring, buy, get, give, hand, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, sell, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动，但如一个宾语是“人”时，通常把这个宾语变为主语。
He has been given the book. 已经给了他那本书。
（3）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语仍然保留在原处，改称为主语补足语。若原来的宾语补足语是省掉了to 的不定式，在被动语态中做主语补足语时要加to。
He has been made to work hard. 他被迫努力工作。
（4）谓语动词如果是短语动词，在变为被动语态时，要注意短语动词的完整性，不能漏掉动词后面的副词或介词。
The children have been taken good care of since their mother came back.自从妈妈回来，孩子们就得到了很好的照顾。
Just Read! （拓展篇）
Protection of Cultural Relics
Since the beginning of the 1990s, China has protected a huge number of cultural relics and achieved remarkable success. The special subsidies appropriated by the Central Government for the protection of cultural relics in more than 1,000 projects have reached about 700 million RMB yuan. As a result, a large number of cultural relics have been saved from destruction. Prominent successes in the maintenance and protection of historical sites are the Potala Palace (Lhasa, Tibet), the Kumbum Monastery (Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province), the Caves at Mount Sumeru (Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), the Kizil Thousand-Buddha Cave (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), the Longmen Grottoes (Luoyang City, Henan Province), the Yungang Caves (Datong City, Shanxi Province), the Goddess Hall (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), the Mountain Summer Resort (Chengde City, Hebei Province), the Thatched Cottage of Tang Poet Du Fu (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province), and the Tianyi Pavilion (Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). In 1996, the State Council announced the fourth batch of national important cultural relics protection units, numbering 250 and bringing the total to 750. There are 99 national historical and cultural cities. In 1995, the UNESCO placed on the World Heritage List the Potala Palace in Tibet, the Mountain Summer Resort, together with its adjacent temples in Chengde City, Hebei Province, the Confucius Temple, the Confucius Family Mansion and the Confucius Woods in Qufu City, Shandong Province, and the ancient architectural complex on Mount Wudang in Hubei Province.
The planned scientific excavation of cultural relics has laid a good foundation for the improvement of archeological theory and practice, and research into ancient Chinese history. Aeronautical, underwater and desert archeological studies have provided important historical information and data for economic construction, and new techniques of and approaches to the development of cultural relics protection.
In recent years, China has been taking an unprecedentedly active part in foreign exchanges and cooperation in terms of cultural relics. About 150 cultural relics exhibitions have been held in the U.S., Argentina, France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia, and Singapore. The Exhibition of Tombs of Chinese Emperors held in the U.S., the Exhibition of Tibetan Treasures and the Exhibition of the Yellow River Civilization held in Italy, and the Exhibition of Laolan’s Cultural Relics and the Exhibition of the Terracotta Legion of the First Qin Emperor held in Japan presented the splendors of the great ancient Chinese civilization to large and appreciative audience.
Have Fun! （趣味篇）
A group of managers were given the assignment to measure the height of a flagpole. So they go out to the flagpole with ladders and tape measures, and they're falling off the ladders, dropping the tape measures - the whole thing is just a mess. An engineer comes along and sees what they're trying to do, walks over, pulls the flagpole out of the ground, lays it flat, measures it from end to end, gives the measurement to one of the managers and walks away. After the engineer has gone, one manager turns to another and laughs. "Isn't that just like an engineer, we're looking for the height and he gives us the length."
Answers to quiz
1. (1) B (2) A (3) A
2. C
3. D
4. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) B
5. (1) B (2) C (3) D (4) C (5) B
6. (1) B (2) A
7. B
11. C
14. (1) B (2) A (3) C
15. B